Oscar Wilde

Born to Anglo-Irish parents in Dublin, Oscar Wilde distinguished himself intellectually from a young age. Before he even attended college, he had acquired fluency in French and German—and at Oxford University, he proved to be a Classicist of considerable merit. At Oxford, he met the literary critic Walter Pater, then a professor of Classics, through whom he became associated with the Aesthetic Movement. Aestheticism was an intellectual movement which held that the aesthetic value of art, “art for art’s sake,” should be considered more highly than its social or political content. Under this philosophy, Wilde wrote a book of Poems (1881) and gave many lectures, going on tour throughout the United States and Canada. Upon returning to London, he found further success as a literary critic, beginning with book reviews in the Pall Mall Gazette. In 1884, he married Constance Lloyd, and in 1886, the pair had two children. The Happy Prince and Other Tales (1888), containing “The Selfish Giant,” was likely influenced by Wilde’s young children—though by that time his marriage had already begun to unravel, largely owing to the fact that he was, in actuality, a homosexual man. The 1890s, the last decade of Oscar Wilde’s life, were his most prolific period as an artist and critic. During this time, he wrote such famous works as The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890), “The Critic as Artist” (1891), A Woman of No Importance (1893), Salomé (1894), and The Importance of Being Earnest (1895). His career and life were cut short, however, by accusations that he was a “sodomite.” Wilde sued for libel, yet the evidence turned against him, and he was soon afterward tried and convicted for “gross indecency.” After his imprisonment, he composed The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1987). Wilde spent the remaining years of his life in France, where he succumbed to meningitis at age 46.