12 Years a Slave
by Solomon Northup
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Truth and Justice Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Racism and Slavery Theme Icon
Truth and Justice Theme Icon
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LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in 12 Years a Slave, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Truth and Justice Theme Icon
Truth and Justice Theme Icon

Although 12 Years a Slave commends telling the truth, considering it a sign of integrity and strength, the book also explores the complexity involved in telling the truth in nineteenth-century America. Racism means that truth coming from a slave is deemed worthless, limiting a slave’s ability to seek justice. Further, telling the truth can be dangerous or deadly for an innocent person in this toxic environment. In this case, Solomon Northup maintains, it is appropriate to lie for safety’s sake. At the same time, the book is careful to point out that lying is still immoral when it’s done by someone who is trying to cover up their crimes.

12 Years a Slave reveals that racism imposes limits on truth and justice. For example, John Tibeats, one of Solomon’s several cruel masters, frequently tries to murder him, but Solomon knows, “Had he stabbed me to the heart in the presence of a hundred slaves, not one of them, by the laws of Louisiana, could have given evidence against him.” Likewise, when Solomon is eventually freed and brings the slave dealer James Burch to court, Burch is allowed to testify as a witness on his own behalf, but Solomon is not given the same privilege. Burch is found innocent, and the court deems Solomon’s evidence “inadmissible.” Solomon points out that racism stood bluntly in the way of justice: “I was rejected solely on the ground that I was a colored man—the fact of my being a free citizen of New York not being disputed.”

The narrative also highlights that in an unjust society, sometimes what is lawful is immoral, and vice versa. For an innocent person, telling the truth can be dangerous and even deadly. In these cases, lying or breaking the law is justified and doesn’t reflect a moral lapse. Imprisoned in Burch’s slave pen in Washington D.C., Solomon quickly learns that telling the truth of his status as a free man kidnapped into slavery only earns him harsher treatment: “But I would not be silent, and denounced the authors of my imprisonment…as unmitigated villains. Finding he could not quiet me, he flew into a towering passion.” Since it’s illegal to buy a slave who is actually a free man, Burch fears punishment and consequently beats Solomon more severely with every assertion of his identity as a free man from New York. Similarly, even though Solomon’s first master, William Ford, is kind and gentle, Solomon knows “well enough the slightest knowledge of my real character would consign me at once to the remoter depths of Slavery,” and that he would be sold on the other side of the border, “disposed of as the thief disposes of his stolen horse.” Later, when Solomon serves a vicious, evil man named Edwin Epps, Solomon learns that telling the truth about anything—not just his identity as a kidnapped free man—can be dangerous: “It is not safe to contradict a master, even by the assertion of a truth.”

However, the narrative asserts that it is immoral and unjust to lie in order to escape punishment for one’s crimes. Solomon tells the story of a man named Lew Cheney, a slave from a neighboring plantation who organizes a revolution with the goal of fighting the opposition all the way until they reach the Mexican border. Realizing his plan is destined to fail, Lew turns in all of the people who were part of his organization—making himself look innocent. All people involved in the planned revolt, as well as many innocent people, are hanged. Solomon says that even at the time of his writing, Lew Cheney’s “name is despised and execrated by all his race.” Similarly, when Burch is deemed innocent in court, Burch tries to turn the charges around on Solomon, claiming that Solomon “conspired with the two white men to defraud him.” When Solomon is consequently arrested and brought to court (with Henry B. Northup as his lawyer), Burch drops the charges, knowing they are baseless.

Solomon Northup’s slave narrative shows the messy complexities of truth-telling for a slave in nineteenth-century America. In showing how difficult it is for an innocent slave to tell the truth and receive justice, Northup seeks to elicit empathy from the reader and turn them against slavery. Even in the narrative itself, Northup frequently interjects with direct addresses to the reader, declaring that all of the experiences laid out in the pages of 12 Years a Slave are entirely accurate and truthful. By firmly declaring that all of his recollections are true, Northup helps the reader see 12 Years Slave for what it is—an actual, firsthand account of the real-life horrors of slavery unfolding under the reader’s nose.

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Truth and Justice Quotes in 12 Years a Slave

Below you will find the important quotes in 12 Years a Slave related to the theme of Truth and Justice.

Chapter 1 Quotes

Thus far the history of my life presents nothing whatever unusual—nothing but the common hopes, and loves, and labors of an obscure colored man, making his humble progress in the world […] Now I had approached within the shadow of the cloud, into the thick darkness whereof I was soon to disappear, thenceforward to be hidden from the eyes of all my kindred, and shut out from the sweet light of liberty, for many a weary year.

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker)
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 9
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Solomon prepares the reader for his jarring transition from his happy and fulfilling thirty-year existence as a free man in New York to his miserable twelve years as a slave. He likens slavery and racism to a “thick,” dark cloud that blots out liberty, which is an idea that pervades throughout the work. In addition, Solomon elicits empathy from his white, Northern readership by emphasizing that his life as a free man, just like theirs (presumably), was filled with love, hope, and hard work. Solomon stresses the injustice in being “shut out” from his freedom and family, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim ne

Chapter 2 Quotes

The idea struck me as a prudent one, though I think it would scarcely have occurred to me, had they not proposed it […] I must confess, that the papers were scarcely worth the cost of obtaining them—the apprehension of danger to my personal safety never having suggested itself to me in the remotest manner.

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker), Merrill Brown, Abram Hamilton
Related Symbols: Free papers
Page Number and Citation: 13
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Solomon is surprised by Hamilton and Brown’s suggestion that he obtain free papers before traveling to Washington D.C., a slave state. This passage is reflective of Solomon’s self-assuredness in his identity as a free man of the North. Having lived his entire life thus far (thirty years) as an ordinary citizen, a threat to his safety and well-being has never “suggested itself…in the remotest manner.” His attitude about race and slavery is reflective of the social and political fabric of the North, which was the birthplace of the Abolitionist Movement and the Second Great Awakening. The former Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deser

Then did the idea begin to break upon my mind, at first dim and confused, that I had been kidnapped. There must have been some misapprehension—some unfortunate mistake. It could not be that a free citizen of New-York, who had wronged no man, nor violated any law, should be dealt with thus inhumanly […] I felt there was no trust or mercy in unfeeling man.

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker), Merrill Brown, Abram Hamilton, James Burch
Related Symbols: Free papers, Chains
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 18
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Solomon awakens from being beaten, drugged, and sold by Brown and Hamilton to slave dealer James Burch. This passage illustrates a shift in Solomon’s perception of justice and humanity. In the span of a few moments, Solomon goes from feeling “dim and confused” about how and why he has been kidnapped to realizing that there is “no trust or mercy” in mankind. Solomon introduces the idea that slavery and racism is a means for “unfeeling man” to be wicked and inhumane—a concept that is fleshed out with the later introduction of Edwin Epps. In addition, this passage Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Molliti

Chapter 3 Quotes

Though suspicions of Brown and Hamilton were not unfrequent, I could not reconcile myself to the idea that they were instrumental to my imprisonment. Surely they would seek me out—they would deliver me from thraldom. Alas! I had not then learned the measure “man’s inhumanity to man,” nor to what limitless extent of wickedness he will go for the love of gain.

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker), James Burch, Abram Hamilton, Merrill Brown
Related Symbols: Chains
Page Number and Citation: 24
Explanation and Analysis:
While still imprisoned in Washington D.C., Solomon ruminates over Hamilton and Brown’s likely role in selling him into slavery. Solomon directly compares his slavery to thralldom, a Middle English word that describes the way poor peasants (serfs) labored under cruel, rich landowners and had no hope for attaining independence and climbing out of their poverty. Likewise, Solomon finds himself in chains, unable to escape from both the sturdy metal links and from the institution of slavery as a whole. He notes in hindsight that his slavery taught him of “man’s inhumanity to man,” which is an excerpt from Robert Burns’ Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque e

Chapter 4 Quotes

So we passed, hand-cuffed and in silence, through the streets of Washington—though the Capital of a nation, whose theory of government, we are told, rests on the foundation of man’s inalienable right to life, LIBERTY, and the pursuit of happiness! Hail! Columbia, happy land indeed!

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker), James Burch, Ebenezer Radburn
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 31
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Burch and Radburn lead Solomon and the other slaves from the slave pen, through the Capital, and onto a steamboat in the middle of the night. This passage is loaded with sarcasm, which reveals the absurdity of Solomon being enslaved in the city that embodies the nation’s supposed commitment to individual liberty. Solomon uses the phrase “we are told” to draw attention to the way that the nation’s core values are not being put into practice—to Solomon and the other slaves, the ideas mapped out in the Declaration of Independence are just empty words. By sarcastically calling Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. E

Chapter 7 Quotes

The influences and associations that had always surrounded him, blinded him to the inherent wrong at the bottom of the system of Slavery. He never doubted the moral right of one man holding another in subjection. Looking through the same medium with his fathers before him, he saw things in the same light. Brought up under other circumstances and influences, his notions would undoubtedly have been different.

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker), William Ford
Page Number and Citation: 58
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Solomon explains to the reader that his first master, William Ford, is the most morally upright man he knows, but that his immoral practice of owning slaves is reflective of his upbringing in the American South. Solomon emphasizes that it is nurture, not nature, that makes slave owners accept and perpetuate an institution built on enslaving other humans against their will. He implies that Ford’s stance on slavery “would undoubtedly have been different” had he grown up in the North, surrounded by strong abolitionist attitudes. By pointing out the influence of friends, family, and environment in shaping Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedit

Chapter 8 Quotes

He was my master, entitled by law to my flesh and blood, and to exercise over me such tyrannical control as his mean nature prompted; but there was no law that could prevent my looking upon him with intense contempt.

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker), John Tibeats
Page Number and Citation: 72
Explanation and Analysis:
Here, Solomon notices that his cruel master, Tibeats, is in another one of his particularly sour moods, which usually means that Tibeats will take his anger out on Solomon through physical abuse. In this passage, Solomon shows his readers how slavery legally makes slaves helpless, even in the face of cruel, blood-thirsty masters. Solomon knows that Tibeats is going to try to kill him for no reason at all—which the law allows—and all Solomon can do is glare at his master “with intense contempt.” This passage also foreshadows a conversation between Epps and Bass later in the narrative, when Bass Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusanti

Chapter 9 Quotes

I must toil day after day, endure abuse and taunts and scoffs, sleep on the hard ground, live on the coarsest fare, and not only this, but live the slave of a blood-seeking wretch, of whom I must stand henceforth in continued fear and dread. […] I sighed for liberty; but the bondman’s chain was round me, and could not be shaken off.

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker), John Tibeats
Related Symbols: Chains
Page Number and Citation: 85
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Solomon voices his misery at having to serve his cruel master, Tibeats, even after Tibeats has tried (and almost succeeded) in murdering Solomon. He explains to the reader that “the bondman’s chain” is suffocating and inescapable. The idea of chains points back to when Solomon first woke up after being kidnapped and found himself covered in chains, making it impossible to escape. Although Solomon is no longer physically in chains, the institution of slavery, the political climate of the American South, and Tibeats’ cruelty render escape impossible. Solomon can only “sigh” for freedom, pining for something that Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas.

Chapter 13 Quotes

[…] it had fallen to her lot to be the slave of a licentious master and a jealous mistress. She shrank before the lustful eye of one, and was in danger even of her life at the hands of the other, and in between the two, she was indeed accursed.

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker), Mistress Epps, Patsey, Edwin Epps
Page Number and Citation: 134
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Solomon highlights Patsey’s precarious and dangerous situation as the object of Epps’ lust and Mistress Epps’ violent jealousy. This passage shows that Solomon is deeply empathetic to those around him. Though Solomon is not the one unwillingly wedged between the Eppses’ marriage, he understands the emotional and physical pain that Patsey must endure on a daily basis. By describing the way Patsey always shrinks away from Epps’ very look, Solomon firmly shows the reader that Patsey does not want to be on the receiving end of her master’s lustfulness—Epps imposes himself upon her, and since Patsey is Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Reru

Chapter 14 Quotes

The existence of Slavery in its most cruel form among them has a tendency to brutalize the humane and finer feelings of their nature. Daily witnesses of human suffering—listening to the agonizing screeches of the human slave—beholding him writhing beneath the merciless lash—bitten and torn by dogs—dying without attention, and buried without shroud or coffin—it cannot otherwise be expected, than that they should become brutified and reckless of human life.

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker), Edwin Epps
Related Symbols: Whip
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 147
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Solomon has just explained the narrowly avoided duel between Epps and his friend Marshall—a situation Solomon attributes to slaveholders’ desensitization to violence because of the institution of slavery. Solomon provides a brief but intense picture of slavery in his description of the “writhing” slaves whose “agonizing screeches” reveal the unfathomable extent of their suffering. Solomon doesn’t name particular slaves or a specific master in this passage, implying that this scenario is a familiar one that stretches across all of the slave states. In the passage, Solomon underscores the humanity of slaves and inhumanity of slave owners by Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores.

It is not the fault of the slaveholder that he is cruel, so much as it is the fault of the system under which he lives. He cannot withstand the influence of habit and associations that surround him. Taught from earliest childhood, by all that he sees and hears, that the rod is for the slave’s back, he will not be apt to change his opinions in mature years.

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker), William Ford, Young Master Epps / Epps’ Son, Edwin Epps
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 147
Explanation and Analysis:
Solomon has just described the close encounter between Epps and his friend Marshall, and goes on explain to the reader why slave owners are so often violent and cruel. Solomon underscores that the institution of slavery is manmade, and that racism is a learned behavior. Cruel slave owners like Epps—and even kindly ones like Ford—don’t stop to question the validity of enslaving another fellow human. A white Southerner is “taught from the earliest childhood, by all that he sees and hears” that slavery is normal—racism and acceptance of slavery aren’t inherent to a child when they are born. This passage Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedi

Chapter 17 Quotes

No man who has never been placed in such a situation, can comprehend the thousand obstacles thrown in the way of the flying slave. Every white man’s hand is raised against him—the patrollers are watching for him—the hounds are ready to follow on his track—and the nature of the country is such as renders it impossible to pass through it with any safety.

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 173
Explanation and Analysis:
Solomon has just explained Wiley’s failed attempt at running away from Epps, and explains to the reader that he, too, had ambitions of running away during the ten years he belonged to Epps, but that it is nearly impossible for anyone to successfully escape the clutches of slavery. Solomon’s explanation of all the elements working against a fugitive slave, including patrollers, hounds, and politics pertaining to travel, again shows that racism limits justice. Solomon implies, here and elsewhere, that all slaves are deserving of freedom—not just those who, like him, were torn from freedom and sold into slavery. Thus, running Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Vol

Chapter 18 Quotes

It was the Sabbath of the Lord. The fields smiled in the warm sunlight—the birds chirped merrily amidst the foliage of the trees—peace and happiness seemed to reign everywhere, save in the bosoms of Epps and his panting victim and the silent witnesses around him. The tempestuous emotions that were raging there were little in harmony with the calm and quiet beauty of the day. I could look on Epps only with unutterable loathing and abhorrence, and thought within myself—“Thou devil, sooner or later, somewhere in the course of eternal justice, thou shalt answer for this sin!”

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker), Edwin Epps, Patsey
Related Symbols: Whip
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 187
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Solomon describes the beautiful sunny day that is tarnished by the inhumane whipping that Epps administers to Patsey. By pointing out that it is “the Sabbath of the Lord,” meaning Sunday, Solomon draws attention to the way that Epps maliciously distorts what should be a day of rest and spiritual thoughts and instead makes it a day of evil and human brutality. Solomon juxtaposes “the tempestuous emotions” spewing from Epps with the warmth, joy, and peace of the natural surroundings to emphasize that Epps is a cruel, inhumane man who uses slavery as an excuse to be Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus cor

Chapter 19 Quotes

If they are baboons, or stand no higher in the scale of intelligence than such animals, you and men like you will have to answer for it. There’s a sin, a fearful sin, resting on this nation, that will not go unpunished forever. There will be a reckoning yet—yes, Epps, there’s a day coming that will burn as an oven. It may be sooner or it may be later, but it’s a coming as sure as the Lord is just.

Related Characters: Bass (speaker), Solomon Northup , Edwin Epps
Page Number and Citation: 194
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Bass argues with Epps about race and slavery as the men work on a construction project with help from Solomon. Bass highlights several points about race and slavery that resonate throughout the text. Firstly, Bass implies that racism is manmade. When Epps likens his slaves to “baboons,” Bass points out that if the slaves seem unintelligent, it’s only because Epps and other slave owners prohibit the slaves from learning (and furthermore, it would be sinful to treat even baboons in the sadistic way that Epps treats his slaves). Coming from a religious angle, Bass implies that Epps Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labor

He spoke of himself in a somewhat mournful tone, as a lonely man, a wanderer about the world—that he was growing old, and must soon reach the end of his earthly journey, and lie down to his final rest without kith or kin to mourn for him, or to remember him—that his life was of little value to himself, and henceforth should be devoted to the accomplishment of my liberty, and to an unceasing warfare against the accursed shame of Slavery.

Related Characters: Bass (speaker), Solomon Northup
Page Number and Citation: 199
Explanation and Analysis:
Here, Bass has just agreed to write to Solomon’s friends and family in New York so that Solomon will be restored to freedom. Bass’s explanation of his lack of family and how “his life was of little value to himself” points to the way that family can provide a sense of purpose in life. Without family, Bass is “mournful” and “lonely,” similar to how Eliza withered away after being permanently separated from her children. However, like Solomon, Bass understands that family isn’t limited to blood relatives. Family can also be comprised of those who show one another loyalty, empathy, and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa

Chapter 21 Quotes

The secret was out—the mystery was unraveled. Through the thick, black cloud, amid whose dark and dismal shadows I had walked twelve years, broke the star that was to light me back to liberty.

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker), Henry B. Northup, Bass
Page Number and Citation: 219
Explanation and Analysis:
Solomon has just explained how Henry B. Northup discovered Solomon’s whereabouts by consulting with Bass. Solomon refers to slavery as a “thick, black cloud” that casts “dark and dismal shadows,” drawing on the similar analogy he made in the closing of Chapter One. The cloud blocked Solomon from the light, just as racism blocked him from liberty—even though he was a free man, wrongfully kidnapped and sold into slavery, Solomon’s dark skin meant that he was trapped in slavery’s grasp. The single star that breaks through the clouds and leads Solomon to liberty is reminiscent of the single star that Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nost

Chapter 22 Quotes

I was then offered as a witness, but, objection being made, the court decided my evidence inadmissible. It was rejected solely on the ground that I was a colored man—the fact of my being a free citizen of New-York not being disputed. […] Burch himself was offered as a witness in his own behalf. It was contended by counsel for the people, that such testimony should not be allowed—that it was in contravention of every rule of evidence, and if permitted would defeat the ends of justice. His testimony, however, was received by the court!

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker), Henry B. Northup, James Burch
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 233
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Solomon recounts his experience in taking Burch to court for kidnapping him and selling him into slavery. The court is clearly racist and treats Solomon more like a slave than a free man, even though his true identity as “a free citizen of New-York” is not “disputed.” Ironically, the court is concerned that allowing either man to testify on his own behalf “would defeat the ends of justice.” By ultimately allowing Burch the privilege to testify as his own witness and not giving Solomon the same opportunity, the court “defeat[s] the ends of justice” in an even Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. V

I have no comments to make upon the subject of Slavery. Those who read this book may form their own opinions of the “peculiar institution.” What it may be in other States, I do not profess to know; what it is in the region of Red River, is truly and faithfully delineated in these pages. This is no fiction, no exaggeration. If I have failed in anything, it has been in presenting to the reader too prominently the bright side of the picture.

Related Characters: Solomon Northup (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 237
Explanation and Analysis:
Solomon has just described his joyful (and tearful) reunion with his family, and now addresses the reader with comments on the narrative as a whole. In this passage, Solomon references a popular euphemism for slavery, the “peculiar institution.” In this case, the word “peculiar” doesn’t mean odd or strange. Instead, peculiar means something that is unique to a specific place, so slavery is a “peculiar institution” because it plays out in the American South. This phrase was a way of sugarcoating the reality of slavery, especially in legal settings. For white Northerners, referring to slavery as a “peculiar institution” was Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi soluta