A Fine Balance
by Rohinton Mistry
✓

or to save your progress

Ishvar Character Analysis

Ishvar is Dukhi and Roopa’s son, Narayan’s older brother, and Omprakash’s uncle. He is a Chamaar who has a mark on his left cheek. Ishvar spends most of his time with Omprakash after Thakur Dharamsi kills the rest of their family because Narayan complained about rigged voting in an election. Although Ishvar spends much of the novel in a precarious living situation, sometimes homeless, he holds onto his faith that things will work out in the end. This leads him to be deferential toward authority figures like his employer Dina (for whom he and Omprakash work as tailors), whereas Omprakash is more rebellious. Still, Ishvar’s faith in traditional authority faces challenges over the course of the novel as he continues to see how figures like Thakur Dharamsi, Sergeant Kesar, and even the Prime Minister take advantage of their power to oppress others. Eventually, Ishvar is subjected to forced sterilization and has his legs amputated due to an infection, and he ends the novel as a beggar. But he still has companionship with Dina and Omprakash and can even still laugh with his nephew, showing his resilience in the face of difficulties.

Ishvar Quotes in A Fine Balance

The A Fine Balance quotes below are all either spoken by Ishvar or refer to Ishvar . For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Resilience Theme Icon
).

Prologue Quotes

The morning express bloated with passengers slowed to a crawl, then lurched forward suddenly, as though to resume full speed. The train’s brief deception jolted its riders. The bulge of humans hanging out of the doorway distended perilously, like a soap bubble at its limit.

Inside the compartment, Maneck Kohlah held on to the overhead railing, propped up securely within the crush. He felt someone’s elbow knock his textbooks from his hand. In the seats nearby, a thin young fellow was catapulted into the arms of the man opposite him. Maneck’s textbooks fell upon them.

Related Characters: Ishvar , Maneck, Omprakash
Page Number and Citation: 3
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote is the beginning of the novel and establishes the initial setting as a fast-moving train that starts and stops. It also introduces the main characters of Maneck, Omprakash, and Ishvar, as the jerkiness of the train literally causes Omprakash to bump into Maneck. And so, the novel begins by demonstrating how urban life can bring together people of different backgrounds in unexpected ways. This introduction also helps establish the status of the various characters in the novel. Maneck is standing “propped up securely” holding books in his hand, signifying his comparatively comfortable middle-class standing in life. Meanwhile, the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Com

Chapter 3 Quotes

Two years after Ishvar was born, Roopa and Dukhi had another son. This one was named Narayan. There was a dark-red mark on his chest, and an elderly neighbour who assisted Roopa during the birth said she had seen such a mark before. “It means he has a brave and generous heart. This child will make you very proud.”

The news of a second son created envy in upper-caste homes where marriages had also taken place around the time Dukhi and Roopa were wed, but where the women were still childless or awaiting a male issue. It was hard for them not to be resentful—the birth of daughters often brought them beatings from their husbands and their husbands’ families. Sometimes they were ordered to discreetly get rid of the newborn. Then they had no choice but to strangle the infant with her swaddling clothes, poison her, or let her starve to death.

Related Characters: Dukhi, Ishvar , Narayan, Roopa
Page Number and Citation: 99
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote takes place in an extended flashback that explores the lives of Narayan and especially Ishvar, who goes on to become one of the main characters in the story. As this passage alludes to, the Chamaar people of this small village have a low social status, but they find support in both their families and their community. Although upper-caste people generally try to avoid mixing with the Chamaars (who were at one point considered “untouchable”), they can’t help looking enviously at Roopa’s two sons. In spite of having a higher social status, these people still experience jealousy over what Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Volupt

“The Muslims have behaved more like our brothers than the bastard Brahmins and Thakurs.”

Related Characters: Dukhi, Ashraf, Narayan, Ishvar
Page Number and Citation: 123
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote, from an anonymous friend of Dukhi’s, sums up the absurdity of the riots against Muslims that occurred in the years after Indian independence. Although many Hindus see Muslims as enemies, based on their different religious beliefs, Dukhi and his friends feel like they have more in common with Muslims, perhaps in part because of Dukhi’s personal friendship with Ashraf. As this quote notes, the divisions in Indian society are about more than just Hinduism versus Islam. Brahmins and Thakurs are both members of society’s upper class, at the total opposite end of the spectrum from the Chamaars like Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus ea

“We’ll go as soon as we mark our ballots,” said Narayan. “It is our right.”

Related Characters: Narayan (speaker), Thakur Dharamsi, Prime Minister, Ishvar
Page Number and Citation: 145
Explanation and Analysis:
With this quote, Narayan seals his fate, unknowingly condemning himself to death by challenging the authority of Thakur Dharamsi to count the votes. Although Thakur Dharamsi is not such a powerful man in the grand scheme of things, within the small village where he lives, he is a tyrant who can do what he wants—even kill people—without fear of repercussions for his actions. The corruption of Thakur Dharamsi, who makes little effort to hide the fact that he is rigging the votes, stands in for the corruption of the Indian government as a whole, foreshadowing the concerns about fair elections Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accu

Chapter 4 Quotes

“And how do you collect the hair?” asked Om. “Steal it from people’s heads?” There was a sneer in his voice.

Rajaram laughed good-naturedly. “I go to pavement barbers. They let me take it in exchange for a packet of blades, or soap, or a comb. In haircutting saloons they give it free if I sweep the floor myself. Come—come inside my house, I’ll show you my stock.”

Related Characters: Rajaram (speaker), Omprakash (speaker), Dr. Shroff, Nusswan, Ishvar
Page Number and Citation: 172
Explanation and Analysis:
In this quote, Rajaram describes his unusual method of earning a living by selling unwanted hair abroad in order to make a profit. At first, Rajaram sounds like he might be delusional, but as he talks more, he begins to describe his collection in a way that sounds rational. Rajaram’s methods of getting hair reveal that in the slums where money is scarce, barter and other reciprocal transactions take on a more prominent role. The fact that Rajaram had to switch from being a barber to selling hair abroad is a humorous commentary on how India has changed during his Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perfere

Chapter 7 Quotes

The bulldozers finished flattening the rows of flimsy shacks and tackled the high-rental ones, reversing and crunching into the brick walls. Om felt nothing—the shack had meant nothing to him, he decided. Maybe now his uncle would agree to go back to Ashraf Chacha. He remembered Maneck, coming to visit tomorrow. He laughed mirthlessly about telling him the dinner was off—cancelled due to the unexpected disappearance of their house.

Sergeant Kesar’s megaphone blared in the dusk: “Work will be stopping for thirty minutes. Actually speaking, this is simply to give you a chance to collect your personal belongings. Then the machines will start again.”

Related Characters: Sergeant Kesar (speaker), Omprakash , Ishvar , Ashraf
Page Number and Citation: 292
Explanation and Analysis:
In this quote, Omprakash and Ishvar come home to their hut in the slum just in time to see makeshift bulldozers tearing apart the whole encampment. The bulldozers literally return everyone to the same level, demolishing the flimsiest dwellings and the more stable ones with equal ease. Omprakash’s numbness to watching his home get destroyed reveals how his lifestyle in poverty doesn’t allow him to get too attached to things or places. He even manages to laugh a little, albeit “mirthlessly,” over the idea that he and Ishvar can’t invite Maneck to dinner because they don’t have a house anymore. Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Volu

Chapter 8 Quotes

The beggar was having none of that, and soon returned with a full mug. He inquired if they wanted extra chapatis. “I made friends with someone in the kitchen, I can get as many as I like.”

Related Characters: Shankar (speaker), Foreman, Ishvar , Omprakash
Page Number and Citation: 342
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote comes from the introduction of Shankar, a legless beggar with no hands who gets to know Ishvar and Omprakash at a camp where they perform forced, unpaid work on an irrigation canal. Unlike the foreman of the camp, who has a higher status but who offers Ishvar and Omprakash the bare minimum to survive, Shankar has almost nothing in life, but he still offers what little he has to Ishvar and Omprakash, who are near-strangers to him at this point. The generosity of Shankar, who struggles even with basic movement because of his physical condition, is yet another Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut

Chapter 10 Quotes

“Let’s have masala wada today,” proposed Ishvar. “Rajaram’s recipe.”

“I don’t know how to make that.”

“That’s okay, I can do it, Dinabai, you relax today.” He took charge, sending Om and Maneck to buy a fresh half-coconut, green chillies, mint leaves, and a small bunch of coriander. The remaining ingredients: dry red chillies, cumin seed, and tamarind were in the spice cabinet.”

Related Characters: Dina (speaker), Ishvar (speaker), Maneck, Rajaram, Omprakash
Related Symbols: Dina’s Quilt
Page Number and Citation: 393
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote marks a major turning point in the relationship between Dina and her houseguests—Maneck, Ishvar, and Omprakash—as they make the decision to start cooking meals together, with each member of the household taking on a specific role. The end result is something that even Dina admits is better than her solo cooking, revealing how teamwork can result in something greater than the efforts of any one individual. Cooking is also a common family activity. While Dina initially establishes herself as a mother figure in the family by offering to cook for everyone, Ishvar proposes a more equal arrangement where Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesci

Chapter 12 Quotes

In the corner, in the hollow where coal fires used to burn for cooking in the old days, lay three brown and white kittens. A chorus of tiny miaows greeted Dina and Maneck as they bent over to look.

Related Characters: Ishvar , Maneck, Dina, Prime Minister, Omprakash
Page Number and Citation: 442
Explanation and Analysis:
In this quote, the cats that sometimes visit Dina’s house leave behind three kittens. The three stray kittens that show up in Dina’s home seem to be connected to her three new guests—Maneck, Ishvar, and Omprakash—that she keeps in her house. Just as she was with her new guests, Dina is reluctant about keeping the kittens, but this resistance soon goes away as she embraces the unexpected change in her life. Both the cats and the kittens in Dina’s home come and go, sometimes unexpectedly. This mirrors Dina’s constant state of uncertainty around her guests, since Ishvar and Omprakash have Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibu

Chapter 13 Quotes

At some point, Rajaram’s fanciful notions took on a serious aspect. Now he began to believe there was no ethical connection between picking pockets and administering unwelcome haircuts. One was a crime, which deprived the victims of their money. The other was a good deed, the alleviation of an encumbrance, the eradication of a lice-breeding pasture, which would save the victims time and effort and itchy scalps, not to mention the frivolous expenses of shampoo and hair lotions. And “victim” was hardly the correct word in this case, he felt. Surely “beneficiary” would be more accurate. Surely it was vanity that kept people from realizing their own good, and a helping hand was necessary. In any case, the loss would be temporary, the hair would grow back.

Related Characters: Omprakash , Ishvar , Rajaram
Page Number and Citation: 470
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote explores Rajaram’s struggles to find a new source of income after he loses his government job as a “Motivator” promoting family planning. Whereas before, Rajaram was an eccentric character who remained in some ways a savvy businessman, he is now the likely culprit of a double-murder, and his behavior has become unhinged. The difference between Rajaram’s current description of the hair collecting business and his past work is that he has become more selfish and self-righteous. Previously, he used to barter to get hair, making arrangements with local barbers that were mutually beneficial. Now, Rajaram resorts to taking Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis conse

Chapter 15 Quotes

“Testicular tumour,” he felt obliged to explain to them. “Thakurji has authorized removal, as a special favour to the boy.” The quaver in his voice betrayed the lie.

Related Characters: Thakur Dharamsi, Ishvar , Omprakash
Page Number and Citation: 526
Explanation and Analysis:
In this quote, a doctor sent by Thakur Dharamsi lies to Omprakash by telling him that he has a tumor on his testicle. This is all just a ploy by the Thakur to justify castrating Omprakash, in order to make sure that his family line finally ends for good. Thakur Dharamsi’s actions are particularly cruel because Omprakash was already infertile due to a vasectomy, which would have been nearly impossible to reverse for someone in Omprakash’s financial situation. This passage is one of the bleakest ones in the novel because it shows both how tyrants like Thakur Dharamsi can go Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Di

Epilogue Quotes

“You haven’t guessed? I am a Sikh—I shaved off my beard and cut my hair two days ago. But I’m still wearing my kara.” He held up his hand, displaying the iron bangle round his wrist.

Related Characters: Farokh, Ishvar , Ashraf, Narayan, Maneck, Prime Minister
Page Number and Citation: 573
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote comes from near the beginning of the Epilogue, which jumps ahead eight years from where the previous chapter left off. Maneck comes home from Dubai to find Prime Minister assassinated and riots breaking out against Sikh people across the country (because Prime Minister’s assassins were her Sikh bodyguards). The death of the Prime Minister comes right around the same time as the death of Maneck’s father, marking a clear break for him between a past that will never come back and the present. But while Maneck learns about the violence and unrest, which resemble the violence against Muslims Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus

Now the express could be seen in the distance, having cleared the bend in the tracks. The rumble was louder, growing to a roar as it approached. When the first compartment had entered the station, he stepped off the platform and onto the gleaming silver tracks.

The elderly woman in dark glasses was the first to scream. Then the shriek of the pneumatic brakes drowned all other sounds. The fast train took several hundred yards to stop.

Maneck’s last thought was that he still had Avinash’s chessmen.

Related Characters: Omprakash , Dina, Avinash, Ishvar , Maneck
Page Number and Citation: 601
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote details the moments right before Maneck’s suicide. While Maneck’s motivations remain partly mysterious, part of the issue seems to be his increasing feelings of alienation from his old home, including his inability to relate to Dina, Omprakash, and Ishvar as he once did. The fact that Maneck dies in front of an express train brings the novel full circle—everything began with a chance meeting of Maneck, Omprakash, and Ishvar on an express train (which was delayed at one point due to a dead body on the track). The fact that the train takes “several hundred yards to stop” Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatib

“Come on, my faithful,” said Ishvar. “Lift your hoofs or I’ll feed you a dose of opium.” Chuckling, Om trotted away plumply. They quit clowning when they emerged into the street.

Dina shut the door, shaking her head. Those two made her laugh every day. Like Maneck used to, once. She washed the two plates, returning them to the sideboard for Nusswan and Ruby to dine off at night. Then she dried her hands and decided to take a nap before starting the evening meal.

Related Characters: Ishvar (speaker), Nusswan, Omprakash , Dina, Ruby
Page Number and Citation: 603
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote is the ending of the novel. Despite the many tragedies that Ishvar and Omprakash have witnessed or endured over the course of the story, Ishvar retains a sense of humor as he and Omprakash leave Dina. This part of their lives has stayed the same, even as other elements have changed drastically, with Omprakash going from extremely thin to “plump.” Although the uncle and nephew still find ways to laugh, they stop “clowning” when they’re back on the street as beggars, suggesting that in spite of their humor, they still understand the harsh reality they live in. Although Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam
Get the entire A Fine Balance LitChart as a printable PDF.
"My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." -Graham S.
A Fine Balance PDF

Ishvar Character Timeline in A Fine Balance

The timeline below shows where the character Ishvar appears in A Fine Balance. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Prologue
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Ishvar Darji and his nephew Omprakash Darji (whom Ishvar calls “Om”) are riding a morning train... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Ishvar, Omprakash, and Maneck hear that the train has stopped because a body was found near... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Ishvar, Omprakash, and Maneck finally get off the train and head to Dina Dalai’s house. Dina... (full context)
Chapter 1
Resilience Theme Icon
...in a boarder at her house. This brings things up to the point where Maneck, Ishvar, and Omprakash all arrive together at Dina’s door. (full context)
Chapter 2
Class and Caste Theme Icon
...to her house to set up her business. She worries whether the Emergency will stop Ishvar and Omprakash from getting to the warehouse. They do eventually arrive by taxi, with sewing... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Ishvar and Omprakash keep coming back to Dina’s house for work, but they’re sometimes late due... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
The stranger outside leaves a letter for Dina. Omprakash begins to complain to Ishvar that Dina is cheating them and they could do the work without her. But Ishvar... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
...home, she’ll be evicted. Dina decides to continue with the business anyway, warning Omprakash and Ishvar to be discreet. (full context)
Chapter 3
Resilience Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Back in Omprakash and Ishvar’s home village, their family used to be tanners and leather-workers. But before then, before Omprakash... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Two years after the birth of Ishvar, Roopa and Dukhi have a second son, Narayan. People become envious of their two sons—some... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
When Ishvar is old enough, Dukhi starts to teach him the leather trade, then later the same... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
...to hear of bad things happening to the “untouchables” in his village. Roopa worries that Ishvar or Narayan will get into trouble when they go off on their free time, but... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Religion and Violence Theme Icon
When Dukhi hears of Ishvar and Narayan getting caught at the school, he goes to Pandit Lalluram, who has a... (full context)
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Religion and Violence Theme Icon
Dukhi’s discontent with the caste system motivates him to go against tradition and have Ishvar and Narayan become apprentices to Ashraf, the tailor. Dukhi tells his sons to change their... (full context)
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Roopa complains while Ishvar and Narayan are gone but is happy when they come back to the village for... (full context)
Religion and Violence Theme Icon
When Ishvar and Narayan are 18 and 16, they’re near the end of their training. Ashraf has... (full context)
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Religion and Violence Theme Icon
...businesses destroyed. Ashraf, who is Muslim, makes plans to leave with his family. Narayan and Ishvar don’t want him to leave, but Ashraf says they’ll always be family, even when they’re... (full context)
Religion and Violence Theme Icon
...shows up outside the shop and claims that they’ve heard it’s owned by a Muslim. Ishvar and Narayan go to meet the crowd, claiming that their father owns “Krishna Tailors,” and... (full context)
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Ashraf says he and his family owe their lives to Ishvar and Narayan. Although he can’t really afford it, he wants to keep them as paid... (full context)
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
...Dukhi. Roopa complains that he’s abandoning her but soon becomes proud of the hut. Meanwhile, Ishvar gets promoted to being Ashraf’s partner. Together, the two of them let Dukhi retire so... (full context)
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Roopa and Dukhi start looking for potential daughters-in-law. When Ishvar doesn’t seem interested, they start by trying to find someone for Narayan. They arrange for... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
...three years, but at age eight, he gets sent to learn tailoring from his uncle Ishvar. The place where Ishvar lives is bigger and the school there now accepts people of... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
...them Narayan’s body, then lights the whole house on fire, killing all of them. When Ishvar hears the news, he reports it to the police, but they investigate it and accuse... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
...army of Chamaars to seek revenge. Ashraf tells him to be careful, and Ashraf and Ishvar each try to think of ways to stop Omprakash from seeking vengeance. (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
...sells ready-made clothing, which shrinks Ashraf’s list of customers. Eventually, business gets so slow that Ishvar talks of potentially going with Omprakash into a bigger city, where the factories make ready-made... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
When Ishvar and Omprakash go to see Nawaz, he acts like he wasn’t expecting them. Ishvar tries... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Ishvar and Omprakash manage to find a meager amount of work with another tailor in town.... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Nawaz begins insisting that Ishvar and Omprakash should live somewhere else. He shows them some options, but Ishvar says they... (full context)
Chapter 4
Resilience Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
After Omprakash and Ishvar have left Ashraf but before they start their new job with Dina, they live in... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Rajaram continues to give advice to Ishvar and Omprakash, telling them to get a ration card for food and allowing them to... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Later, Ishvar and Omprakash go to the rations office but find that the boss is away on... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Outside the rations office, Ishvar and Omprakash meet a man who calls himself a “facilitator” and says he can get... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Corruption Theme Icon
Ishvar and Omprakash go to their first 10-hour day of work for Dina and come back... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
The local slumlord keeps adding more huts to the neighborhood. During monsoon season, Ishvar and Omprakash’s roof leaks. They continue to have dinners with Rajaram, and one evening he... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
...into renting a bicycle. He seems to really enjoy the freedom of a bicycle, but Ishvar can’t help worrying about him. Eventually, Omprakash convinces Ishvar to hop on too, and they... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
When Omprakash gets back, Ishvar thinks he’s discovered the company that Dina works for, but in fact, Omprakash is just... (full context)
Chapter 6
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
On the day that Maneck arrives at Dina’s, Ishvar and Omprakash plan to get to Dina’s early because they see red double-decker buses arriving... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Ishvar, Omprakash, and Rajaram end up on the bus, although Ishvar worries the whole time about... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
...angry with Maneck when he returns from college later than promised. She tells him how Ishvar and Omprakash didn’t show up that day. At dinner, Dina asks Maneck if he eats... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
...evening, when Maneck again returns late from college, Dina asks Maneck to never mention to Ishvar and Omprakash how mad she was about them missing the previous day. She scolds Omprakash... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
...his work, and he starts making mistakes with the dresses. She comes to rely on Ishvar, who is more dependable. Dina starts to rely on Maneck to oversee Ishvar and Omprakash... (full context)
Chapter 7
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Ishvar and Omprakash invite Maneck to dinner at their house, and Dina is surprised and disappointed... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Rajaram tells Omprakash and Ishvar that men from the government came in and destroyed all the huts in the neighborhood... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Religion and Violence Theme Icon
Omprakash and Ishvar scavenge some of their possessions from the wreckage. Rajaram tries to save part of his... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
With nowhere else to go, Omprakash and Ishvar decide to sleep at the railway station, but it’s already full of beggars. A policeman... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Omprakash and Ishvar arrive at Dina’s early for once, with a trunk full of their things that they... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Ishvar tells Dina and Maneck everything about how their home was destroyed. Ishvar asks if he... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Ishvar and Omprakash spend a couple nights with the nightwatchman. One day at Dina’s, they get... (full context)
Chapter 8
Corruption Theme Icon
Ishvar and Omprakash get used to the noise by the nightwatchman’s post and learn to sleep... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Sergeant Kesar finds Ishvar and Omprakash. The nightwatchman tries to defend them, but Sergeant Kesar insists on taking them.... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Ishvar and Omprakash end up in a truck next to a beggar with no legs or... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
...The foreman explains that the workers will get food, shelter, and clothing but no salary. Ishvar is sure that it’s a mistake and he and Omprakash will be able to get... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Meanwhile, Dina and Maneck wonder why Ishvar and Omprakash haven’t shown up for work. Eventually the nightwatchman runs into Maneck and relays... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Meanwhile, Ishvar tells the foreman that there’s been a mistake. The foreman reassures him that there hasn’t... (full context)
Chapter 9
Resilience Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
Dina delivers the dresses she made with Maneck and then tells Mrs. Gupta that Ishvar and Omprakash are away on a two-week vacation. But she has to extend it, and... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
...events. Two weeks pass, and Dina realizes that she actually looks back fondly on when Ishvar and Omprakash worked for her. She fears she’ll have to borrow money from Nusswan for... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
...new free laborers to replace them. As things get more crowded, food becomes scarce, and Ishvar and Omprakash start to feel faint during the workday. The camp also runs out of... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
One day, Ishvar gets dizzy, falls, and hurts his foot. His ankle swells, so an overseer tells him... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Shankar tells Ishvar and Omprakash that he’s going back with Beggarmaster. He says he can get Beggarmaster to... (full context)
Chapter 10
Corruption Theme Icon
Beggarmaster drives the truck to a shanty town, and Ishvar and Omprakash learn that some slums were able to avoid destruction if the slumlord had... (full context)
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Ishvar and Omprakash explain everything to Dina. Dina is desperate to keep her tailors but wonders... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
After seeing Shankar and getting some food, Omprakash and Ishvar go back to Dina’s to start work. Throughout the workday, Dina debates whether she should... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Corruption Theme Icon
...more people living with her. One day, Rajaram shows up again at Dina’s to see Ishvar and Omprakash. He sounds desperate, so they make plans to meet later at the Vishram... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Ishvar goes to Dina and gets an old haircutting kit that he can give to Rajaram.... (full context)
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Dina decides to start making food for Ishvar and Omprakash, and Maneck convinces her to let them eat at the table instead of... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
One day, Ishvar proposes cooking a recipe he learned from Rajaram. Everyone works together to cook it, and... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Dina starts working on her quilt again. Ishvar goes to Dina and asks for advice about making a garment for the legless Shankar.... (full context)
Chapter 11
Corruption Theme Icon
...(hired gangsters) to prevent a strike at her factory. Dina is in no hurry for Ishvar and Omprakash to leave, but Ishvar insists that they must find their own place so... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
One day Ibrahim comes by unexpectedly, and Ishvar and Omprakash immediately silence their sewing machines. Ibrahim tells Dina she’s evicted because they have... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
...only 48 hours to vacate her home where she’s running an illegal business. Dina tells Ishvar to go to the police, but one of the goondas with Ibrahim stops him. The... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Corruption Theme Icon
Dina despairs that she’s finished. Ishvar begins to insult Ibrahim, and Dina joins in. To their surprise, Ibrahim starts crying and... (full context)
Chapter 12
Corruption Theme Icon
Beggarmaster arrives at Dina’s to collect Ishvar and Omprakash’s money. She tells him that the next payment will be more difficult, but... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
...isn’t sure whether or not to trust Beggarmaster, so she still plans to see Nusswan. Ishvar and Omprakash decide to go back to the nightwatchman, and Maneck reluctantly prepares to go... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
...have been killed. They had long, beautiful hair, but someone took it from their corpses. Ishvar and Omprakash are each shocked to hear this. Beggarmaster goes on to tell about how... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
After Beggarmaster leaves, Omprakash and Ishvar talk about how Rajaram must be the killer of the two beggars. Ishvar warns Omprakash... (full context)
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
...and Dina agrees but claims she’s just waiting for the mother cat to come back. Ishvar considers the kittens a good omen and a sign that the mother cat trusted Dina. (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Corruption Theme Icon
Beggarmaster says he may tell Shankar the truth eventually, but first he wants Omprakash and Ishvar to talk to Shankar and find out how much he remembers of his past. Beggarmaster... (full context)
Chapter 13
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
The three kittens come back to Dina’s a month later. Ishvar continues to worry about getting Omprakash married, but Omprakash complains that no one is pressuring... (full context)
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
In spite of his apology, Ishvar can’t let go of looking for a wife for Omprakash. Ishvar promises Dina that any... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Corruption Theme Icon
One day, Rajaram unexpectedly shows up at Dina’s. Ishvar threatens to call the police. Rajaram asks for mercy and says he’s fallen on hard... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Rajaram says he believes people are still looking for him. Ishvar wonders if Rajaram should turn himself in. Instead, Rajaram wants to become a sanyasi (a... (full context)
Chapter 14
Resilience Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
...to Mrs. Gupta, then tells her there will be a six-week break (when Omprakash and Ishvar will be away for Omprakash’s marriage). Not looking forward to being alone again, Dina works... (full context)
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Ishvar and Omprakash leave, and Maneck and Dina discuss how they hope Omprakash will be able... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
...back to Avinash’s parents. He goes back to Dina’s. Beggarmaster arrives, looking for Omprakash and Ishvar, forgetting they would be gone. Beggarmaster says he just learned recently that Shankar was killed... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Beggarmaster wants to invite Omprakash and Ishvar to attend Shankar’s cremation. Maneck offers to go in their place, and Dina decides to... (full context)
Chapter 15
Resilience Theme Icon
Ishvar and Omprakash finally reunite with Ashraf Chacha in his village. Ashraf is happy to see... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Corruption Theme Icon
Ashraf offers Ishvar and Omprakash rice and dal, and Ishvar says that it feels like home to be... (full context)
Class and Caste Theme Icon
...the local Chamaar community. The people in the community are glad Omprakash has returned, but Ishvar makes it clear that they plan to return back to the city, particularly since Thakur... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
All of a sudden, while Ishvar, Omprakash, and Ashraf are in the market, several garbage trucks begin to surround the area,... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Ishvar and Omprakash get taken with several others in a truck toward a sterilization camp outside... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
...regardless of how well their equipment is working, in order to meet Thakur Dharamsi’s quotas. Ishvar pleads to the doctors that they can do the procedure on him, but they need... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
After the vasectomy procedure, Omprakash tries to stay dignified, but Ishvar despairs that Omprakash will never find a wife now. A man nearby tells them that... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
...has ordered for them to be removed. They chloroform Omprakash and remove his testicles. When Ishvar realizes what has happened, he is crushed. (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
A week later, Ishvar gets a fever, and his lower body turns black. He sees a doctor who offers... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
...had to sell the shop because he got a good offer, and so Omprakash and Ishvar must leave. They agree to go back to Dina’s, with Omprakash asking the nephew to... (full context)
Chapter 16
Corruption Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Six weeks later, Omprakash and Ishvar still have not arrived as promised. Dina tells everyone asking for money, including Beggarmaster, that... (full context)
Corruption Theme Icon
Dina gets another caller later that day who claims to be a friend of Ishvar and Omprakash. It turns out that man is Monkey-man. Monkey-man says he has some very... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Corruption Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
A week later, a man comes to reclaim the sewing machines from Dina because Ishvar and Omprakash haven’t paid. Beggarmaster doesn’t show up at his usual time. She gets a... (full context)
Epilogue
Corruption Theme Icon
Religion and Violence Theme Icon
...learns that he’s selling a special tonic to grow hair. Rajaram hasn’t seen Omprakash or Ishvar recently, so Maneck leaves him. (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
...She also doesn’t recognize him at first with a beard. Dina says that Omprakash and Ishvar have become beggars. Ishvar now has no legs, and Omprakash has gained weight as a... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
...chess box and then leaves. As he’s walking the streets by her house, he sees Ishvar and Omprakash headed toward him. They don’t recognize Maneck and just ask for money. Maneck... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Omprakash and Ishvar come over, and Dina feeds them. She’s done this for years without Nusswan or Ruby... (full context)
Resilience Theme Icon
Class and Caste Theme Icon
The Meaning of Family Theme Icon
Omprakash and Ishvar leave in order to get away before Ruby comes back, joking with each other as... (full context)