Some critics read Alice's Adventures in Wonderland as a political allegory in which Wonderland symbolizes England. According to this view, the tyrannical Queen of Hearts corresponds to Queen Victoria. Both the Duchess and the Queen display violent and irrational tendencies in the Trial scene, which supports the reading of this scene as an allegory for the British justice system. In Chapter 12, the Queen demands a sentence before a verdict in a nonsensical trial:
“Let the jury consider their verdict,” the King said, for about the twentieth time that day. “No, no!” said the Queen. “Sentence first—verdict afterwards.”
Within the crazy politics of Wonderland, Alice serves as a symbol of curiosity and truth-seeking who maintains a rational viewpoint despite the many outrageous things that happen to her. She strives to be kind and polite to all the creatures she encounters, even when they are unsympathetic (like the Caterpillar) or bossy and highfalutin' (like the Dodo).
What is the significance of this allegorical reading? It shows that a children's book, with its fanciful characters, colorful scenes, and exciting plot, has the power to communicate a political message. Certain scenes, like those of the Dodo's caucus race and the Queen's court proceedings, undeniably invite political readings. A closer look reveals that Carroll was interested in ridiculing the chaos and confusion brought upon the public by bad political leaders.
