Definition of Motif
Malachy Sr. frequently references influential figures from Irish history and folklore, including Eamon de Valera, Michael Collins, Kevin Barry, the Red Branch Knights, and the “Fenian Men.” He’s keen to make his sons understand that their lives are part of a larger Irish cultural and historical narrative and to instil a sense of pride in them about it. While this works in some ways, in others it taints the stories of these figures with Malachy Sr.’s own stereotypically negative Irish history.
Frank’s parents blame the persistent dampness of Limerick and the Shannon River for their family’s suffering and poor health. This motif recurs throughout Angela’s Ashes, as Malachy Sr. demonstrates when he’s reassuring Frank he will find work someday:
Unlock with LitCharts A+[S]ome day, with God’s help, we’ll get out of Limerick and far from the Shannon that kills.
McCourt uses the euphemism "the excitement" as a motif to explore themes of sexual shame and confusion. Throughout the novel, Frank repeatedly encounters this term, either hearing it or using it as a vague way to refer to sexual acts, especially when he is still a child and lacks a full understanding of what “the excitement” means. For example, Mikey Molloy “explains” to Frank that:
Unlock with LitCharts A+Your father and mother had the excitement and they weren’t married so you’re not in a state of grace.