Definition of Pathos
In this passage, which comes immediately after the Battle of the Windmill, the narrator appeals to the readers’ sense of pathos through vivid descriptions of the wounded animals’ physical and emotional exhaustion:
They had won, but they were weary and bleeding. Slowly they began to limp back towards the farm. The sight of their dead comrades stretched upon the grass moved some of them to tears. And for a little while they halted in sorrowful silence at the place where the windmill had once stood. Yes, it was gone: almost the last trace of their labour was gone! Even the foundations were partially destroyed [...] It was as though the windmill had never been.
When Boxer gets old and loses his strength, the pigs heartlessly sell him to be turned into glue. To demonstrate the cruelty and hypocrisy of this choice, Orwell appeals to the readers’ sense of pathos. Benjamin tries to warn the other animals as the knacker’s cart drives away with a terrified Boxer trapped inside:
Unlock with LitCharts A+“Fools! Fools!” shouted Benjamin, prancing round them and stamping the earth with his small hoofs. “Fools! Do you not see what is written on the side of that van?”[...] Do you not understand what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knacker’s!”
[...] All the animals took up the cry of “Get out, Boxer, get out!” But the van was already gathering speed and drawing away from them.