Before We Were Free

by

Julia Alvarez

Teachers and parents! Our Teacher Edition on Before We Were Free makes teaching easy.

Papi Character Analysis

Papi is Anita’s father. He was educated in the U.S. and runs the family business selling hurricane-safe building materials. A few weeks after Anita begins her story, she discovers that Papi is involved with the underground resistance movement against Trujillo, the dictator of the Dominican Republic. This is shocking for Anita, as she thought that Papi liked Trujillo. But as Mami tells her more about Papi’s history, Papi’s involvement in the resistance movement starts to make more sense. Papi didn’t get involved until many of his brothers had already been arrested or left the country to escape the SIM (the Dominican secret police). After the Mirabal sisters—the Butterflies—were assassinated, Papi realized that the only way to bring education, free elections, and prosperity to the country was to assassinate the dictator. He believes that by freeing the Dominican Republic from Trujillo, he’d make the country a safe place for his family as well as for all other Dominicans. Anita doesn’t see as much of Papi as she does of Mami, since she isn’t allowed to sit in on the men’s meetings. But Papi appears to be a dedicated and pragmatic planner who wants nothing more than to make sure that everyone can be free. Indeed, not long before he assassinates Trujillo, Papi tells Anita that she must go on and fly free. Though this is frightening for Anita at the time, it makes sense to her months later. After Papi is murdered for his involvement in the assassination, Anita decides that Papi didn’t just want her to be free politically—he wanted her to be happy.

Papi Quotes in Before We Were Free

The Before We Were Free quotes below are all either spoken by Papi or refer to Papi. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Coming of Age and Political Consciousness Theme Icon
).
Chapter Two Quotes

“Are they really policemen?” I keep asking Mami. It doesn’t make any sense. If the SIM are policemen, secret or not, shouldn’t we trust them instead of being afraid of them? But all Mami will say is “Shhh!” Meanwhile, we can’t go to school because something might happen to us. “Like what?” I ask. Like what Chucha said about people disappearing? Is that what Mami worries will happen to us? “Didn’t Papi say we should carry on with normal life?”

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Mami, Papi, Chucha
Page Number: 17
Explanation and Analysis:

Now I’m really confused. I thought we liked El Jefe. His picture hangs in the front entryway with the saying below it: IN THIS HOUSE, TRUJILLO RULES. “But if he’s so bad, why does Mrs. Brown hang his picture in our classroom next to George Washington?”

“We have to do that. Everyone has to do. He’s a dictator.”

I’m not really sure what a dictator does. But this is probably not a good time to ask.

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Lucinda (speaker), Papi, Trujillo/El Jefe/Mr. Smith, Tío Toni, Mrs. Brown
Page Number: 16-17
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter Six Quotes

Not even the thought of falling in love with Sam is a consolation anymore. Overnight, all boys (except for Papi and Tío Toni and Mundín) have become totally gross. Here’s an old lech flirting with my sister. Here are Oscar and Sam drinking liquor and throwing up. If only I could be like Joan of Arc, cut off my hair and dress like a boy, just to be on the safe side. Or even better, if only I could go backward to eleven, instead of forward to thirteen!

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Papi, Sam Washburn, Lucinda, Mundín, Trujillo/El Jefe/Mr. Smith, Tío Toni, Oscar Mancini, Susie Washburn
Page Number: 71
Explanation and Analysis:

I admit I feel mean participating in this scheme—but I also understand that our lives are in danger. A tip from Lorena could wipe us out. It’s so unfair to have to live in a country where you have to do stuff you feel bad about in order to save your life. It’s like Papi and Tío Toni planning to assassinate Mr. Smith when they know that murder is wrong. But what if your leader is evil and rapes young girls and kills loads of innocent people and makes your country a place where not even butterflies are safe?

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Papi, Chucha, Trujillo/El Jefe/Mr. Smith, Tío Toni, Lorena
Related Symbols: Butterflies and Flight
Page Number: 75
Explanation and Analysis:
Anita’s Diary Quotes

Actually, Mr. Mancini says that people are secretly calling it an ajusticiámiento, which means bringing to justice, the way criminals have to face the consequences of their evil deeds.

I feel so much better thinking that Papi and Tío Toni were doing justice, not really murdering killing hurting someone. But still...just the thought of my own father—

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Papi, Trujillo/El Jefe/Mr. Smith, Tío Toni, Mr. Mancini/Tío Pepe
Page Number: 109
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter Eleven Quotes

I guess I finally understand what [Chucha] and Papi meant by wanting me to fly. It was like the metaphors Mrs. Brown was always talking about. To be free inside, like an uncaged bird. Then nothing, not even a dictatorship, can take away your liberty.

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Papi, Chucha, Oscar Mancini, Mrs. Brown
Related Symbols: Butterflies and Flight
Page Number: 160
Explanation and Analysis:

But now that Papi is dead, it doesn’t seem so scary to die. Sometimes, I think it’s scarier to be alive, especially when you feel that you’ll never be as happy and carefree as when you were a little kid. But I keep remembering Chucha’s dream. She saw us sprouting wings, flying up and away. It has to mean more than our coming to the United States. After all, as Chucha herself would say, what good is it to escape captivity only to be imprisoned in your own misery?

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Papi, Chucha
Related Symbols: Butterflies and Flight
Page Number: 162
Explanation and Analysis:

What I see as I look down aren’t angels but butterflies, the arm swings connecting to the leg swings like a pair of wings, our heads poking out in between! I’m sure if Chucha were here, she would say they are a sign. Four butterflies from Papi, reminding me to fly.

I close my eyes, but instead of making a wish, I think about Papi and Tío Toni and their friends who died to make us all free. The emptiness inside starts filling with a strong love and a brave pride.

Okay, Papi, I say, I promise I’ll try.

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Papi, Chucha
Related Symbols: Butterflies and Flight
Page Number: 163
Explanation and Analysis:
Get the entire Before We Were Free LitChart as a printable PDF.
Before We Were Free PDF

Papi Quotes in Before We Were Free

The Before We Were Free quotes below are all either spoken by Papi or refer to Papi. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Coming of Age and Political Consciousness Theme Icon
).
Chapter Two Quotes

“Are they really policemen?” I keep asking Mami. It doesn’t make any sense. If the SIM are policemen, secret or not, shouldn’t we trust them instead of being afraid of them? But all Mami will say is “Shhh!” Meanwhile, we can’t go to school because something might happen to us. “Like what?” I ask. Like what Chucha said about people disappearing? Is that what Mami worries will happen to us? “Didn’t Papi say we should carry on with normal life?”

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Mami, Papi, Chucha
Page Number: 17
Explanation and Analysis:

Now I’m really confused. I thought we liked El Jefe. His picture hangs in the front entryway with the saying below it: IN THIS HOUSE, TRUJILLO RULES. “But if he’s so bad, why does Mrs. Brown hang his picture in our classroom next to George Washington?”

“We have to do that. Everyone has to do. He’s a dictator.”

I’m not really sure what a dictator does. But this is probably not a good time to ask.

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Lucinda (speaker), Papi, Trujillo/El Jefe/Mr. Smith, Tío Toni, Mrs. Brown
Page Number: 16-17
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter Six Quotes

Not even the thought of falling in love with Sam is a consolation anymore. Overnight, all boys (except for Papi and Tío Toni and Mundín) have become totally gross. Here’s an old lech flirting with my sister. Here are Oscar and Sam drinking liquor and throwing up. If only I could be like Joan of Arc, cut off my hair and dress like a boy, just to be on the safe side. Or even better, if only I could go backward to eleven, instead of forward to thirteen!

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Papi, Sam Washburn, Lucinda, Mundín, Trujillo/El Jefe/Mr. Smith, Tío Toni, Oscar Mancini, Susie Washburn
Page Number: 71
Explanation and Analysis:

I admit I feel mean participating in this scheme—but I also understand that our lives are in danger. A tip from Lorena could wipe us out. It’s so unfair to have to live in a country where you have to do stuff you feel bad about in order to save your life. It’s like Papi and Tío Toni planning to assassinate Mr. Smith when they know that murder is wrong. But what if your leader is evil and rapes young girls and kills loads of innocent people and makes your country a place where not even butterflies are safe?

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Papi, Chucha, Trujillo/El Jefe/Mr. Smith, Tío Toni, Lorena
Related Symbols: Butterflies and Flight
Page Number: 75
Explanation and Analysis:
Anita’s Diary Quotes

Actually, Mr. Mancini says that people are secretly calling it an ajusticiámiento, which means bringing to justice, the way criminals have to face the consequences of their evil deeds.

I feel so much better thinking that Papi and Tío Toni were doing justice, not really murdering killing hurting someone. But still...just the thought of my own father—

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Papi, Trujillo/El Jefe/Mr. Smith, Tío Toni, Mr. Mancini/Tío Pepe
Page Number: 109
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter Eleven Quotes

I guess I finally understand what [Chucha] and Papi meant by wanting me to fly. It was like the metaphors Mrs. Brown was always talking about. To be free inside, like an uncaged bird. Then nothing, not even a dictatorship, can take away your liberty.

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Papi, Chucha, Oscar Mancini, Mrs. Brown
Related Symbols: Butterflies and Flight
Page Number: 160
Explanation and Analysis:

But now that Papi is dead, it doesn’t seem so scary to die. Sometimes, I think it’s scarier to be alive, especially when you feel that you’ll never be as happy and carefree as when you were a little kid. But I keep remembering Chucha’s dream. She saw us sprouting wings, flying up and away. It has to mean more than our coming to the United States. After all, as Chucha herself would say, what good is it to escape captivity only to be imprisoned in your own misery?

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Papi, Chucha
Related Symbols: Butterflies and Flight
Page Number: 162
Explanation and Analysis:

What I see as I look down aren’t angels but butterflies, the arm swings connecting to the leg swings like a pair of wings, our heads poking out in between! I’m sure if Chucha were here, she would say they are a sign. Four butterflies from Papi, reminding me to fly.

I close my eyes, but instead of making a wish, I think about Papi and Tío Toni and their friends who died to make us all free. The emptiness inside starts filling with a strong love and a brave pride.

Okay, Papi, I say, I promise I’ll try.

Related Characters: Anita (speaker), Papi, Chucha
Related Symbols: Butterflies and Flight
Page Number: 163
Explanation and Analysis: