Beneath a Scarlet Sky

by

Mark Sullivan

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General Leyers Character Analysis

General Leyers is a high-ranking member of Organization Todt, the civil and military engineering branch of Nazi Germany. He is in direct contact with Hitler, as well as many other high-ranking members of the SS. After Pino joins Organization Todt, Leyers recruits Pino as his personal driver. Together, the two of them drive around Milan and its surrounding areas to perform various duties. These include meeting with Mussolini, checking up on defenses, and overseeing the various laborers whom the Nazi have enslaved. Although at times Pino cannot help but like General Leyers, he also despises him for his callousness and cannot understand why he would allow such atrocities to take place. Unlike some of his colleagues, such as Walter Rauff, Leyers does not endorse barbaric violence. He explicitly opposes deploying the firing squad that kills Tullio, as well as the Nazis’ scorched earth policy. At one point, he even rescues a few Jewish children from a cattle car. However, after he does so, he makes the children memorize his name, likely for his own self-interest. Toward the end of the novel, Mimo tells Pino that he must arrest Leyers and give him over to the partisans. Pino complies and does as he is told. Later, Major Knebel orders Pino and Carletto to drive Leyers to the Austrian border. He tells them that Leyers is a hero and that they need to keep him safe. Pino agrees to take on the mission, but only because he plans to assassinate Leyers on the way to Austria. Indeed, Pino does pull a gun on Leyers, largely because he blames him for Anna’s death, but he ultimately decides against pulling the trigger. In the final moments of the novel, Leyers shakes Pino’s hand and whispers “Now you understand, Observer.” “Observer” is Pino’s codename, and the fact that Leyers knows it suggests that he may have known Pino was spying on him all along.

General Leyers Quotes in Beneath a Scarlet Sky

The Beneath a Scarlet Sky quotes below are all either spoken by General Leyers or refer to General Leyers. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
War and Morality Theme Icon
).
Chapter 15 Quotes

They were all emaciated, filthy, with scraggly beards and long tangled hair. Many of them had vacant, dead eyes and wore ragged gray trousers and tops. There were letters on their chests he couldn’t make out. Manacled, they moved at no better than a shuffle until the guards tore into them, hitting a few with the butts of their rifles. As lorry after lorry emptied, there were soon three hundred of the men, maybe more, moving en masse to the stadium’s north end.

Related Characters: Pino Lella, General Leyers
Related Symbols: Gray Men
Page Number: 196
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 16 Quotes

He glanced in the mirror at the general and realized he hated Leyers. He was a Nazi slave driver. He wants Italy destroyed, and then rebuilt in Hitler’s image. He works for Hitler’s architect, for God’s sake.

Part of Pino wanted to find a secluded spot, get out, pull his gun, and kill the man. He would head for the hills, join one of the Garibaldi partisan units. The powerful General Leyers dead and gone. That would be something, wouldn’t it? That would change the war, wouldn’t it? At some level?

Related Characters: Pino Lella, General Leyers
Related Symbols: Gray Men
Page Number: 207
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 20 Quotes

“Doing favors,” Leyers said. “They help wondrously over the course of a lifetime. When you have done men favors, when you look out for others so they can prosper, they owe you. With each favor, you become stronger, more supported. It is a law of nature.”

Related Characters: General Leyers (speaker), Pino Lella
Page Number: 274
Explanation and Analysis:

“It would be surprising if you didn’t hate me for what I’ve had to do today. A part of me hates myself. But I have orders. Winter is coming. My country is under siege. Without this food, my people will starve. So here in Italy, and in your eyes, I’m a criminal. Back home, I’ll be an unsung hero. Good. Evil. It’s all a question of perspective, is it not?”

Related Characters: General Leyers (speaker), Pino Lella, Walter Rauff, Anna Marta
Page Number: 284
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 21 Quotes

Three little fingers stuck out of a crack on the rear wall of the last cattle car. The fingers seemed to wave at Pino as the train gathered speed. He stared after the train, seeing the fingers in his mind long after he couldn’t see them anymore. His urge was to go after the train and set those people free, get them to safety. Instead, he stood there, defeated, helpless, and fighting the urge to cry at the image of those fingers, which would not fade.

Related Characters: Pino Lella, General Leyers
Page Number: 286-287
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 24 Quotes

The general opened the rear door and looked in at them, smiling. “Vorarbeiter, tell them my name is Major General Hans Leyers of the Organization Todt. Ask them to repeat that, please.”

“Repeat it, mon général?”

“Yes,” Leyers shot back, irritated. “My name. My rank. The Organization Todt.”

Pino did as he was told, and they each repeated his name, rank, and the Organization Todt, even the little sick girl.

Related Characters: General Leyers (speaker), Pino Lella (speaker), Walter Rauff, Cardinal Schuster
Page Number: 349
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 28 Quotes

Pino felt chills go through him as Leyers drove them out of San Babila and toward the address Mimo had passed along from the partisan commanders. He had no idea why he was supposed to bring Leyers to that specific address, and he didn’t care. He was no longer in the shadows. He was no longer a spy. He was part of the rebellion now, and it made him feel righteous as he barked directions and turns at the general, who drove stoop shouldered.

Related Characters: Pino Lella, General Leyers
Page Number: 400
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 32 Quotes

Someone put a toy scepter in Mussolini’s hand. Then a woman old enough to have been the crone in Dolly’s apartment building waddled out. She squatted over Il Duce’s mistress and pissed on her face.

Pino was repulsed, but the crowd went feral, sinister, and depraved. People were laughing hysterically, cheering, and feeding on the anarchy. Others began shouting for more desecrations while ropes and chains were being rigged. A woman darted forward with a pistol and put five rounds in Mussolini’s skull, which provoked another round of jeers and catcalls to beat the bodies, to tear the flesh from their bones.

Page Number: 456-457
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 33 Quotes

The general looked at him without remorse and added, “If there’s anyone directly responsible for Dolly and Anna’s death, Pino, it’s you.”

Related Characters: General Leyers (speaker), Pino Lella, Anna Marta, Dolly Stottlemeyer
Page Number: 479
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 34 Quotes

Now you understand, Observer.

Related Characters: General Leyers (speaker), Pino Lella, Albert
Page Number: 490
Explanation and Analysis:
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Beneath a Scarlet Sky PDF

General Leyers Character Timeline in Beneath a Scarlet Sky

The timeline below shows where the character General Leyers appears in Beneath a Scarlet Sky. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Chapter 14
War and Morality Theme Icon
...a man who looks like a high-ranking Nazi officer. They tell Pino that the man—General Leyers—would like to speak to him. After seeing his skill with the broken-down vehicle, Leyers wants... (full context)
Chapter 15
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...Nazis and is being held in prison. The next day, Pino makes his way to Leyers’s flat and knocks on the door. The door opens and Pino is shocked to see... (full context)
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...is told, but his mind is still reeling from reuniting with Anna. While waiting for Leyers, Pino considers going through the general’s suitcase, but decides against it. Leyers asks Pino to... (full context)
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The next stop of the day is a tunnel, also occupied by laboring gray men. Leyers brings Pino into the tunnel with him, and Pino sees that it is full of... (full context)
Chapter 16
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...are Jewish, many of them are prisoners of war. Before the discussion can move further, Leyers returns and yells at Pino for giving the men water. Pino fires back at Leyers... (full context)
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The next stop of the day is Salò. Once again, Leyers asks Pino to come with him. They enter a sprawling villa where Benito Mussolini lives.... (full context)
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Pino drives General Leyers back to Milan and Leyers gives him a few hours of free time. Pino uses... (full context)
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Pino returns to General Leyers’s apartment and describes what he’s seen. Soon after, Leyers dismisses him, and he returns to... (full context)
Chapter 17
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...morning of August 8th, 1944, Pino wakes up early and makes his way to General Leyers’s place. While there, he sees Anna, which cheers him up, and hears warnings on the... (full context)
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Leyers and Pino return to Leyers’s home and the general asks Pino to wait in the... (full context)
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Early the next morning, Pino is woken up by Leyers tapping on the window. Leyers tells Pino to drive him to San Vittore Prison and... (full context)
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After driving for a while, Leyers asks Pino to stop at a piazza where they can get gas. After the gas... (full context)
Chapter 18
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Pino screams as the machine guns open fire. When Leyers sees his reaction, he pulls him away from the crowd and takes him back to... (full context)
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...and say it will only make things worse. Then, Pino returns to Gestapo headquarters where Leyers eventually comes out to meet him. Leyers asks Pino to take him home and Pino... (full context)
Chapter 19
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Leyers and Dolly return from their date and Leyers dismisses Pino for the day. Pino returns... (full context)
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A few weeks later, Pino drives with Leyers to the Apennine Mountains. Pino watches as Leyers meets with high-ranking officers. Additionally, he sees... (full context)
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...returns to Albert and tells him what he’s seen. Luckily, the time Pino spends with Leyers allows him to see the weaknesses in the German defenses and he relates this information... (full context)
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...British begin to break through many of the German defenses surrounding Italy. This makes General Leyers a busy man. One day, early in September, Pino and Leyers go to the Fiat... (full context)
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From the Fiat factory, Leyers asks Pino to drive him back to Dolly’s. On their way home, they are attacked... (full context)
Chapter 20
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Once the plane is far away, Pino calls out to Leyers and eventually receives a weak reply. Seeing that Leyers is okay, Pino moves to their... (full context)
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Additionally, Pino asks Leyers about his relationship to Hitler. Leyers tells Pino that he works for Hitler but prefers... (full context)
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By the time Pino makes it back to Dolly’s place, Leyers is passed out in the back of the car. Pino goes upstairs and asks Dolly... (full context)
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...for the people of Italy. In the following weeks, Pino is forced to watch as Leyers goes around to small farms and loots resources. Pino hates Leyers more than he ever... (full context)
Chapter 21
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After raiding the farms, Leyers walks over to a line of boxcars and Pino follows close behind. In the cars,... (full context)
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In late October, Pino once again drives Leyers to Mussolini’s villa. Again, Leyers uses Pino to translate. Mussolini asks Leyers whether there is... (full context)
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Once near the train station at Monza, Leyers gets out of the car and orders Pino to stay put. He also leaves his... (full context)
Chapter 22
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...notice them, but Pino gets on their good side by telling him he works under Leyers and by giving them bottles of wine. Their plan works, and they successfully get the... (full context)
Chapter 23
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...the weather gets worse and the Germans—and, in turn, the Italians—get more and more desperate. Leyers tells Pino that he thinks the war is nearing its end. He also makes a... (full context)
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On his way to return the briefcase to Leyers, Pino is stopped by Rauff who questions him. Pino tells Rauff that he brought the... (full context)
Chapter 24
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When Pino returns to Milan, Leyers asks Pino to take him to a train station. There, Pino spots Colonel Rauff and... (full context)
Chapter 25
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Leyers’s behavior continues to get stranger. He works sporadically and starts drinking more than normal. However,... (full context)
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Next, Pino drives Leyers to the Fiat factory where they speak once again with Calabrese. Despite their previous interaction,... (full context)
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In February of 1945, Leyers and Pino drive near Monte Castello and watch the end of a siege that has... (full context)
Chapter 26
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On the 15th of March, Leyers orders Pino to drive him to Brenner Pass so he can see what progress has... (full context)
Chapter 27
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While waiting for Brenner Pass to be cleared, Leyers spends time burning Nazi documents. This annoys Pino who wants the world to know the... (full context)
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...would never hurt him. Additionally, Mimo tells Pino that partisan leaders want Pino to arrest Leyers on the 25th. Pino is excited by the opportunity. (full context)
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Pino drives to Dolly’s place to find Dolly upset because Leyers hasn’t been around lately. Pino tells Dolly about the plan to move her to Innsbruck... (full context)
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Later in the day, Pino is tasked with driving Leyers to the soccer stadium. Leyers uses Pino as a translator to speak with Max Corvo,... (full context)
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Leyers and Pino return to Milan where they meet with a number of important figures including... (full context)
Chapter 28
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On his way to the Hotel Regina with Leyers, Pino spots Mimo pointing a gun at a Nazi vehicle and ordering the Germans to... (full context)
Chapter 33
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...“a friend of America” to safety. Shockingly, the friend of America turns out to be Leyers. At first, Pino refuses to help Leyers, but Knebel insists that he is a hero.... (full context)
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...men blocking the road. Carletto fires back as Pino drives, but accidently drops his gun. Leyers laughs once they are past the men and tells Pino that he handpicked him for... (full context)
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While Leyers’s back is turned, he takes the remaining gun and points it at him. Leyers is... (full context)
Chapter 34
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Pino decides not to shoot Leyers and the two of them return to the car. Before long, they get fired upon... (full context)
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...side of the car and Pino slams his door into him. In response, Carletto and Leyers open fire on the rest of Tito’s men. Leyers kills Tito and Carletto handles the... (full context)
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Finally, Leyers, Pino, and Carletto arrive at their destination: the Austrian border. There, they find American soldiers... (full context)