Bread Givers

by Anzia Yezierska

Bread Givers: Chapter 4 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Mashah, to everyone’s great amazement, starts to carry about something other than her looks and about someone other than herself—a man! She’s in love with Jacob Novak, a piano-player who comes from a rich family. Jacob’s father—a wealthy department store owner—pays $10 per lesson each week to a university professor to get Jacob ready for a big solo concert, where he’ll finally show off his piano skills to the world. Soon Mashah, who normally can’t be bothered to stay for dinner, starts setting the table with real napkins and making everything perfect for evenings when Jacob joins them. But Jacob practices piano all day, and Mashah grows jealous of his dedication to his music and how it takes away from his time with her.
It remains to be seen whether Mashah will fare better than Bessie in matters of love. The fact that Jacob comes from a wealthy family doesn’t bode well for his and Mashah’s romance, however—his inability to fully grasp her family’s struggle might create tension in the romance. Moreover, the reader may reliably predict that Father won’t give up another daughter’s wages without a fight.
Themes
Immigration, Poverty, and Struggle  Theme Icon
Independence  Theme Icon
Religion, Gender Roles, and Oppression Theme Icon
One day, Jacob’s father, who’s been away in Chicago on business, comes with Jacob to finally meet Mashah and her family. When the man walks through the door, Sara realizes he’s the wealthiest man any of them have ever seen. But when Jacob’s father looks around the apartment, it’s clear exactly what he thinks of the family. Without even sitting down, he orders Jacob to take a walk with him—without inviting Mashah. The two leave and don’t come back.
Jacob’s father seems to have put an end to his son’s relationship with Mashah, apparently deeming the Smolinskys beneath him. His unfair judgment of the family helps to explain some of the elder Smolinskys’ disapproval of American culture—they see American culture as materialistic and disrespectful of tradition, and Jacob’s father’s behavior certainly fits this stereotype (though, of course, he does not act or speak on behalf of all Americans).
Themes
Immigration, Poverty, and Struggle  Theme Icon
Change and Anxiety Theme Icon
Jacob’s concert is the next evening. Mashah waits around all day but doesn’t hear from him. Sara wanders over to the hall where the performance is to take place and sees Jacob’s picture on a sign outside, but she doesn’t have any money for a ticket. When music starts to play inside, she runs home. Mashah stays up all night waiting. She starts weeping in the middle of the night, and her sisters and mother weep alongside her. Father blames all this on his letting a man who plays music on the Sabbath into their home.
Themes
Independence  Theme Icon
Religion, Gender Roles, and Oppression Theme Icon
Change and Anxiety Theme Icon
Days pass, and there’s still no word from Jacob. Mashah, too heartbroken to write herself, dictates a letter to deliver to Jacob in which she tells him she doesn’t want to see him anymore and that he broke her heart. Sara goes to deliver the letter. Jacob intercepts her and bemoans what a “brute”  and “coward” he’s been. He let his father (Jacob’s father) bully him into abandoning Mashah—but no longer. He pleads with Sara to let him see Mashah. Sara agrees. At the Smolinskys’, Jacob apologizes profusely to Mashah and promises himself to her. Mashah lights up, immediately ready to take him back. But Father intervenes, condemning Jacob for his godlessness and ordering him to leave and never come back. He tells Mashah she must choose between the family and Jacob. Mashah gives in to Father—and Jacob never comes by again.
Themes
Independence  Theme Icon
Religion, Gender Roles, and Oppression Theme Icon
Get the entire Bread Givers LitChart as a printable PDF.
Bread Givers PDF
After that, Father begins to berate Mashah in his religious preachings, berating her for her “empty head and pretty face.” From that day forth, Sara starts to see Father as “a tyrant more terrible than the Tsar from Russia.” He drives away anything that makes his daughters happy, “kill[ing] the heart from one of his children” one by one. Sara starts to feel different from her sisters. Although they all hate Father’s preaching, the sisters listen to him grudgingly. Sara, however, resolves to take her life into her own hands. She doesn’t want to peddle herring on the streets forever. And when she finds a lover one day, she won’t let Father chase him away.  
Themes
Independence  Theme Icon
Religion, Gender Roles, and Oppression Theme Icon
Change and Anxiety Theme Icon
Quotes