Brokeback Mountain
by Annie Proulx
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Desire, Repression, and Regret Theme Analysis

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Desire, Repression, and Regret  Theme Icon
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In “Brokeback Mountain,” Ennis del Mar and Jack Twist fall in love while working as ranch hands on Brokeback Mountain in Wyoming. At the end of the summer, they part ways and attempt to start separate, conventional (i.e., heterosexual) lives, marrying women and having children. Four years later, when the two men meet again and still want each other more than anything, Jack raises the possibility that they could live together and start a business. Ennis, however, firmly rejects the idea—it’s the 1960s in Wyoming, and homosexuality is forbidden and dangerous. Besides, they have obligations to their wives and children, and Ennis doesn’t want to be a social outcast. Choosing a more conventional life over the life they both truly want could be seen as a rational decision, but it doesn’t lead them to happiness. Being unable to build a life together casts a long and dark shadow on their relationship, but their frustrated desire also prevents them from living and enjoying the lives they have chosen instead. Therefore, Proulx shows how rejecting the opportunity to fulfill a deep desire in favor of bending to social expectations leads to tragic results.

From the beginning of their love affair, Ennis and Jack try and fail to repress their desire for one another. For example, the first time the men part ways to return to their more conventional lives, Ennis feels a physical pain that he mistakes for food poisoning. His desire for Jack is so strong that it affects his mind and his body. Furthermore, when they finally see each other for the first time after four years, they embrace and, without thinking, kiss passionately, even though Ennis’s wife Alma is nearby. This flagrant display of affection catches them both by surprise, which shows that their desire is automatic and cannot be rationally controlled.

Despite their uncontrollable desire, Ennis’s decision to live separately from Jack is a deliberate and even rational choice in the sense that it prioritizes safety, family, and community. When Ennis was a child, his father took him to see the mutilated corpse of a local gay man (one living in a thinly-veiled domestic partnership akin to the one Jack proposes), which made Ennis acutely aware that expressing homosexual desire could get him killed. Thus, Ennis’s refusal to live with Jack can be seen as a fervent wish for their mutual safety. Furthermore, Ennis feels strongly about his obligation towards his wife and children. He has made a commitment to them and feels responsible for supporting them, so leaving his job and family to elope with Jack strikes Ennis as irresponsible and even immoral.

While Ennis’s decision not to live with Jack can clearly be seen as both moral and rational, he comes to regret repressing his desire. This is, in part, due to the fact that the life he believed he was choosing—a life of family, community, and safety—proves unattainable as a direct consequence of his repressed desire, which destroys his marriage. Ennis and his wife divorce because she can tell that Ennis wants Jack more than her (he takes many trips with Jack, for example, but never takes his wife and children on holidays). Furthermore, Ennis and Jack are never really able to fit into society and find a community, even though they try to present themselves as “normal” and heterosexual. Ennis remains single and drifts from job to job, while Jack has extramarital affairs, a vague managerial role in his wife’s company, and his father-in-law never accepts him. Thus, even though Ennis thinks he is sparing both of their lives by choosing not to live together as gay men, Jack is still murdered by homophobes and Ennis is left lonely and full of regret.

Ennis’s reasons for choosing not to fulfill his deep desire to live with Jack are understandable and even sensible. And yet, after Jack’s death, once the life they both wanted is no longer available to them, Ennis is filled with regret. He wishes he had taken risks to be with Jack, knowing that the life he chose instead has not been happy enough to outweigh the lost potential for a happy partnership with Jack. Ennis refuses to let his love for Jack die with his body, and continues to dream about him. He resigns himself to living with his pain and his memories of Jack—a better fate than never having met Jack at all, or banishing him from his thoughts forever.

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Desire, Repression, and Regret Quotes in Brokeback Mountain

Below you will find the important quotes in Brokeback Mountain related to the theme of Desire, Repression, and Regret .

Brokeback Mountain Quotes

During the day Ennis looked across a great gulf and sometimes saw Jack, a small dot moving across a high meadow, as an insect moves across a tablecloth; Jack, in his dark camp, saw Ennis as night fire, a red spark on the huge black mass of mountain.

Related Characters: Jack Twist, Ennis del Mar
Related Symbols: Brokeback Mountain
Page Number and Citation: 9
Explanation and Analysis:
Though Joe Aguirre’s orders mean that Jack and Ennis do not work together most of the time, the two men begin to notice each other from across the Mountain. Ennis sees Jack herding the sheep during the day, and Jack, who must spend his nights alone and in darkness because a campfire would leave evidence he had slept outside of the designated campsite, sees Ennis burning a fire from far away. Though the two men’s relationship has not yet become friendly, let alone romantic, this quote shows that from the very beginning of their time on the mountain, Ennis and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolore

“Tell you what, you got a get up a dozen times in the night out there over them coyotes. Happy to switch but give you warnin I can’t cook worth a shit. Pretty good with a can opener.”

“Can’t be no worse than me, then. Sure, I wouldn’t mind a do it.”

They fended off the night for an hour with the yellow kerosene lamp, and around ten Ennis rode Cigar Butt, a good night horse, through the glimmering frost back to the sheep, carrying leftover biscuits, a jar of jam, and a jar of coffee with him for the next day, saying he’d save a trip, stay out until supper.

Related Characters: Ennis del Mar (speaker), Jack Twist (speaker)
Related Symbols: Brokeback Mountain
Page Number and Citation: 10-11
Explanation and Analysis:
After some time on the mountain, Jack starts to chafe under Aguirre’s unreasonable orders. Sleeping out with the sheep means no campfire with which to cook food or keep warm at night, and he must commute long hours in order to move the sheep and pick up his supplies. He also must constantly get up at night to scare off coyotes that want to eat the sheep. Ennis, who has been assigned to the campsite, offers to switch with Jack to relieve him of these annoyances. Jack accepts the offer, and one hour later, Ennis rides one of the horses Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occa

They were respectful of each other’s opinions, each glad to have a companion where none had been expected. Ennis, riding against the wind back to the sheep in the treacherous, drunken light, thought he’d never had such a good time, felt he could paw the white out of the moon.

Related Characters: Ennis del Mar, Jack Twist
Related Symbols: Brokeback Mountain
Page Number and Citation: 12
Explanation and Analysis:
The day after Jack and Ennis switch jobs, Ennis stays late in the main campsite with Jack. They share whisky, cigarettes, and stories, and tell each other more about their pasts. The hour grows late without either of them realizing. After Ennis offered to take Jack’s job, something shifted in their relationship. Now, rather than coworkers, they have become fast friends. As Ennis drunkenly rides out to the sheep, he feels delighted—he didn’t expect to find such a good friend out on the isolated Brokeback Mountain, especially one who was so respectful of his opinions and fun to be around. Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Opt

Ennis woke in red dawn with his pants around his knees, a top-grade headache, and Jack butted against him; without saying anything about it, both knew how it would go for the rest of the summer, sheep be damned.

Related Characters: Ennis del Mar, Jack Twist
Related Symbols: Brokeback Mountain
Page Number and Citation: 14-15
Explanation and Analysis:
One night, Ennis stays up drinking and talking with Jack until late. It’s too late and cold for him to ride back—plus, both men are very drunk—so Jack tells him he can sleep in his tent. The men soon become intimate and have sex. In the morning, Ennis wakes up next to Jack with his pants down. Neither of the men acknowledge what happened, but they both know that the rest of the summer will go like this: staying up, drinking, talking, and singing, and being sexually intimate. It is a testament to how close they’ve become in a short Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Oc

There were only the two of them on the mountain, flying in the euphoric, bitter air, looking down on the hawk’s back and the crawling lights of vehicles on the plain below, suspended above ordinary affairs and distant from tame ranch dogs barking in the dark hours. They believed themselves invisible, not knowing Joe Aguirre had watched them through his 10x42 binoculars for ten minutes one day, waiting until they’d buttoned up their jeans, waiting until Ennis rode back to the sheep, before bringing up the message that Jack’s people had sent word that his uncle Harold was in the hospital with pneumonia and expected not to make it. Though he did, and Aguirre came up again to say so, fixing Jack with his bold stare, not bothering to dismount.

Related Characters: Ennis del Mar, Jack Twist
Related Symbols: Brokeback Mountain
Page Number and Citation: 15
Explanation and Analysis:
The mood on the mountain completely shifts once Jack and Ennis become intimate. Despite their workload, the men feel free, reveling in the beauty of the mountain and their desire for one another. Having been saddled with difficult work, abusive fathers, and poverty for their whole lives, they feel liberated by having found someone who cares about them so deeply. However, this quote foreshadows the troubles that are to come. Even though they feel alone in their intimacy, they are not: Joe Aguirre spies on them having sex. He doesn’t immediately tell them that he knows they are lovers, but Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste

Even when the numbers were right Ennis knew the sheep were mixed. In a disquieting way everything seemed mixed.

Related Characters: Ennis del Mar, Jack Twist
Related Symbols: Brokeback Mountain
Page Number and Citation: 16
Explanation and Analysis:
A hailstorm comes to the mountain in August, which blows the sheep herd off course, mixing them up with another herd. Ennis and a Chilean herder who doesn’t speak English spend five days attempting to separate them. Even when the herd has the right number of sheep, Ennis knows that some of them weren’t originally in his herd. The mixed-up sheep seem to him to be a metaphor for the summer coming to an end. Soon, he and Jack will have to leave the mountain, and he’ll go off to marry Alma Beers. Ennis’s life, like the mixed-up flock of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem.

“Right,” said Jack, and they shook hands, hit each other on the shoulder; then there was forty feet of distance between them and nothing to do but drive away in opposite directions. Within a mile Ennis felt like someone was pulling his guts out hand over hand a yard at a time. He stopped at the side of the road and, in the whirling new snow, tried to puke but nothing came up. He felt about as bad as he ever had and it took a long time for the feeling to wear off.

Related Characters: Jack Twist, Ennis del Mar
Related Symbols: Brokeback Mountain
Page Number and Citation: 18
Explanation and Analysis:
When Jack and Ennis part at the end of the summer, they are forced to face the inevitable: it is time to return to their lives, and their relationship is effectively over. Without any concrete plans as to when they will see each other next, it feels to Ennis like they are saying good-bye forever. He feels so sick about leaving Jack that he tries to vomit, and the horrible feeling lingers. He feels sick to his stomach because he never truly confronted or acknowledged his feelings for Jack during the summer, and they affect him all at once as Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. U

“Ennis, please, no more damn lonesome ranches for us,” she said, sitting on his lap, wrapping her thin, freckled arms around him. “Let’s get a place here in town.”

“I guess,” said Ennis… They stayed in the little apartment, which he favored because it could be left at any time.

Related Characters: Ennis del Mar (speaker), Alma Beers (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 19
Explanation and Analysis:
Alma and Ennis have two children in the few years after Ennis’s summer on Brokeback Mountain. Ennis moves the family around frequently in accordance with his ranch jobs. Alma objects to moving so often, particularly with two young daughters in tow. However, Ennis likes this way of life. Ranching is all he has ever known, and he has no desire to pursue any other career. He likes having a small apartment that he can move out of at a moment’s notice. Besides being convenient for his ranching jobs, it also means that, should an opportunity arise for him to be Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Volu

They seized each other by the shoulders, hugged mightily, squeezing the breath out of each other, saying son of a bitch, son of a bitch; then, and as easily as the right key turns the lock tumblers, their mouths came together, and hard, Jack’s big teeth bringing blood, his hat falling to the floor, stubble rasping, wet saliva welling, and the door opening and Alma looking out for a few seconds at Ennis’s straining shoulders and shutting the door again and still they clinched, pressing chest and groin and thigh and leg together, treading on each other’s toes until they pulled apart to breathe and Ennis, not big on endearments, said what he said to his horses and daughters, “Little darlin.”

Related Characters: Ennis del Mar (speaker), Alma Beers, Jack Twist
Page Number and Citation: 21
Explanation and Analysis:
After four years apart from Ennis, Jack sends word that he’ll be passing through Riverton. The two men make plans to meet. When they finally reunite, a warm embrace quickly turns passionate: the men kiss, and Alma witnesses their display of affection from the door. Even though Ennis has become used to his life with Alma and his daughters, seeing Jack again makes him realize how much his life has been missing without his old lover in it. Even though there is a risk Alma or his daughters might witness their embrace—and Alma does witness it—Ennis cannot help himself, and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempo

“Friend,” said Jack. “We got us a fuckin situation here. Got a figure out what to do.”

“I doubt there’s nothin now we can do,” said Ennis. “What I’m sayin, Jack, I built a life up in them years. Love my little girls. Alma? It ain’t her fault. You got your baby and wife, that place in Texas. You and me can’t hardly be decent together if what happened back there”—he jerked his head in the direction of the apartment—“grabs” on us like that. We do that in the wrong place we’ll be dead. There’s no reins on this one. It scares the piss out a me.”

Related Characters: Jack Twist (speaker), Ennis del Mar (speaker), Alma Beers, Alma Jr. and Francine
Page Number and Citation: 26-27
Explanation and Analysis:
When Jack and Ennis are in the motel room during their first reunion, they realize how badly they have missed one another. Jack wants them to figure out some way to be together, but Ennis tells him that’s not possible. Besides the responsibilities he has at home, he knows that another passionate display like the one in front of Alma could lead to them being murdered if it happens in front of the wrong people. And yet, he acknowledges, “there’s no reins on this one.” In other words, just because they know their homosexuality is stigmatized by society doesn’t mean Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. U

“Dad made sure I seen it. Took me to see it. Me and K.E. Dad laughed about it. Hell, for all I know he done the job. If he was alive and was to put his head in that door right now you bet he’d go get his tire iron. Two guys livin together? No. All I can see is we get together once in a while way the hell out in the back a nowhere—”

Related Characters: Ennis del Mar (speaker), Jack Twist
Related Symbols: Tire Iron
Page Number and Citation: 30
Explanation and Analysis:
Ennis tells Jack the story of Earl and Rich, two local ranchers who lived together near Ennis when he was young. A gang of gay-hating men murdered Earl. He was beaten to death with a tire iron, and Ennis’s father made sure his son saw the mutilated corpse. In this quote, Ennis surmises his father was likely one of the men that killed Earl. He even supposes that if his father saw Jack and Ennis together in the hotel room, that he would kill the two of them as well. He refuses Jack’s suggestion that they live together because he Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamu

Her resentment opened out a little every year: the embrace she had glimpsed, Ennis’s fishing trips once or twice a year with Jack Twist and never a vacation with her and the girls, his disinclination to step out and have any fun, his yearning for low-paid, long-houred ranch work, his propensity to roll to the wall and sleep as soon as he hit the bed, his failure to look for a decent permanent job with the county or the power company put her in a long, slow dive, and when Alma, Jr., was nine and Francine seven she said, What am I doin, hangin around with him, divorced Ennis, and married the Riverton grocer.

Related Characters: Ennis del Mar, Alma Beers, Jack Twist
Page Number and Citation: 31-32
Explanation and Analysis:
There is a shift in Alma and Ennis’s marriage once Jack comes back into Enniss’ life. The passionate kiss she witnessed between them, coupled with the weeks he takes off to spend time with Jack, tips Alma off to the fact that Jack and Ennis are likely lovers. Further frustrated by his inclination for low-paying work that doesn’t make ends meet, Alma decides that her life is going nowhere as long as she is married to Ennis. As her girls age, she decides she needs to make a better life for them, as well as for herself. Marrying the grocer Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recu

You got no fuckin idea how bad it gets. I’m not you. I can’t make it on a couple a high-altitude fucks once or twice a year. You’re too much for me, Ennis, you son of a whoreson bitch. I wish I knew how to quit you.”

Related Characters: Jack Twist (speaker), Ennis del Mar
Page Number and Citation: 42
Explanation and Analysis:
In 1983, Jack and Ennis spend a few days at a lake. Here, they are discussing what to do about their relationship, a perennial issue that they have not been able to fully solve for two decades. They both desire one another, but societal stigma and personal responsibilities have kept them apart, barring a few weeks a year that they are able to sneak away from their lives. In this quote, Jack explodes at Ennis—he hates that he can only see him a few times a year. To him, it seems that Ennis is OK with them spending most of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus

It was Lureen and she said who? who is this? and when he told her again she said in a level voice yes, Jack was pumping up a flat on the truck out on a back road when the tire blew up. The bead was damaged somehow and the force of the explosion slammed the rim into his face, broke his nose and jaw and knocked him unconscious on his back. By the time someone came along he had drowned in his own blood.

No, he thought, they got him with the tire iron.

Related Characters: Jack Twist, Ennis del Mar, Lureen
Related Symbols: Tire Iron
Page Number and Citation: 45
Explanation and Analysis:
Ennis is utterly shocked when he finds out Jack has died. As Lureen notes, she had no way of contacting Ennis immediately in the wake of the murder. Yet as he hears in her voice, he surmises that Lureen knew that the two were lovers, and was maybe less inclined, because of this, to tell Ennis what had happened even if she had known his contact information. Further, Ennis can tell from the tone of her voice that the story he tells her of Jack’s death is a fabricated one. The fact that she mentions a tire implies to Ennis Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Ap

He pressed his face into the fabric and breathed in slowly through his mouth and nose, hoping for the faintest smoke and mountain sage and salty sweet stink of Jack, but there was no real scent, only the memory of it, the imagined power of Brokeback Mountain of which nothing was left but what he held in his hands.

Related Characters: Ennis del Mar, Jack Twist
Related Symbols: Brokeback Mountain
Page Number and Citation: 52
Explanation and Analysis:
Ennis is overcome with emotion when he finds the two shirts, one with Jack’s blood, and the other which used to belong to Ennis. It shows to Ennis that Jack must have felt the same way that he did when they left the mountain after their summer together. He inhales the shirt with the hopes of being transported back to the mountain. However, he knows that all he has left of that summer and his love of Jack is held in his hands—and in his head, in the form of his memories. The shirts—which would be meaningless as symbols to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet

There was some open space between what he knew and what he tried to believe, but nothing could be done about it, and if you can’t fix it you’ve got to stand it.

Related Characters: Ennis del Mar
Page Number and Citation: 55
Explanation and Analysis:
Ennis resumes his solitary life, but dreams frequently about Jack. These dreams make him feel both aroused and miserable. They are all he has left of his love. As this quote shows, he still can’t quite believe Jack is gone: if he hadn’t received the news from Lureen, it might have been the same as if it was just a bit of time between their last meeting and their next. Yet as he knows from inhaling the smell of the shirts and trying to transport himself back to the mountain, time can’t be turned back, and there’s no use wishing Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expe