Previous
Chapter 2
Themes
and Colors
Key
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Circe, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Power, Fear, and Self-Preservation
Women, Power, and Misogyny
Change, Initiative, and the Self
Mortality, Fragility, and Fulfillment
Family and Individuality
Summary
Analysis
When Circe wakes up, Prometheus is gone. In the hall, his blood has been washed away. One of her cousins delightedly tells her that Zeus has declared Prometheus’s eternal torment: he is sentenced to be chained to a cliff, and every day, an eagle will rip out his liver. Chilled, Circe regrets that she didn’t think of arming Prometheus with a spear or something useful, but then she remembers that he wouldn’t have been interested in weapons, since he turned himself in.
Circe’s cousin’s callous delight at Prometheus’s punishment once again demonstrates the gods’ general lack of empathy. Circe, however, does feel pity for Prometheus, even wishing that she had helped him in a more practical way, such as arming him. But Prometheus wouldn’t want weapons because he isn’t interested in fighting or trying to get his power back. He has sacrificed his power totally in order to help humans, which sets him apart from the rest of his immortal family.
Active
Themes
Circe often asks her Titan uncles for updates on Prometheus, but they dismiss her with a frown—what news could come from someone’s unending punishment? Instead, they move on to the latest gossip, such as how Titan Boreas and Olympian Apollo have fallen in love with the same mortal. The mortal in question dies shortly thereafter; Boreas killed him, just to spite Apollo.
Circe’s uncles’ disinterest in Prometheus’s fate is two-fold. For one thing, they lack empathy and therefore aren’t concerned about his pain. For another, there is nothing new in an unending punishment, the other Titans are only interested in novelty. Meanwhile, the latest gossip reveals another example of the gods’ callousness: Boreas killed a mortal just to spite another god, which demonstrates how careless the gods are with mortals’ lives. Additionally, while the gods say that Boreas “loves” this mortal, it is quite evident that Boreas doesn’t really love him, as he cares more about spiting someone else for a petty show of power than he does about this mortal’s life.
Active
Themes
Perse has another son, but after Helios doesn’t have a prophecy for him, she spurns her newborn. Knowing that the infant will otherwise be neglected, Circe steps forward to care for her new brother, who is named Aeëtes. Circe raises him and, the more time they spend together, the deeper she comes to love him. To her wondering delight, Aeëtes appears to love her in return. He finds a deserted beach for the two of them to meet and talk away from Pasiphaë and Perses. To Circe, this barren strip of land is a bounteous haven.
Active
Themes
Very quickly, Circe is astounded by Aeëtes’s intuition, knowledge, and understanding. He becomes Helios’s favorite son and is invited to sit as council in meetings. Aeëtes teaches Circe some of what he learns, such as the name for the powerful herbs that Zeus used to kill Kronos: pharmaka, a plant that grows when divine blood falls on earth. He likes philosophy and asks Circe questions such as: “How does your divinity feel?” She responds that she feels like a conch shell with nothing but air inside.
Active
Themes
Get the entire Circe LitChart as a printable PDF.
"My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." -Graham S.
Philosophy is rarely a topic that interests gods and Aeëtes’s passion for it reminds Circe of Prometheus, so she one day tells him about how she met the infamous Titan. Aeëtes is quiet after the story. After a moment, he tells her that Prometheus, as a god of prophecy, must have known his fate before he helped the mortals. Aeëtes then orders Circe to not tell anyone else the story, especially Helios.
Active
Themes
Surprised at Aeëtes’s certainty of Helios’s fury, Circe reminds him that Prometheus is Helios’s cousin. Aeëtes derisively responds that they “are all cousins, including the Olympians” and that, regardless of family ties, Helios would unflinchingly destroy Circe if he knew of her conversation with Prometheus. Laughing at Circe’s dismay, Aeëtes tells her that, should she ever disobey the gods again, she should “do it for a better reason.”
Active
Themes
Meanwhile, Helios has finally picked a husband for Pasiphaë: Minos, Zeus’s mortal son and king of Crete. Both Perse and Perses sour at the announcement—they are disgusted that Pasiphaë will be married to a mortal. Perses even sarcastically questions Helios, but the Titan silences him in fury. Across the table, Circe sees Aeëtes’s disdainful expression and is certain of his thoughts: Pasiphaë’s disappointing engagement isn’t “a good enough reason” to spark Helios’s rage.
Active
Themes
Literary Devices
Realizing that mortal Minos will undoubtedly invite other mortals to his wedding, Circe is excited at the prospect of finally seeing the “creatures” that Prometheus sacrificed himself for. The celebration does indeed gather together mortals, Titans, and Olympians alike. Circe searches around and spots the mortals clustered at the fringes of the party. She remembers the stories that other nymphs have told about how mortals rape and attack them. But looking at them in the wedding hall, Circe finds them weak and anxious, likely afraid of offending a god. Reflecting on their apprehension, Circe realizes that the relationships between all people—deities and mortals alike—reveal “a great chain of fear.”
Uninterested in mortals, Aeëtes leads Circe to the Olympians. After looking at them from afar, they then catch sight of Minos who, although an impressive figure among other mortal men, pales in comparison to stunning Pasiphaë. Circe perceives Minos’s sullenness over being outshone by his wife. Meanwhile, Circe is sure that Pasiphaë will adore all the attention that she will receive in Crete.
Active
Themes
Aeëtes abruptly points out another man, a mortal and ingenious craftsman by the name of Daedalus. When Aeëtes becomes a king, he says that he will surround himself by such mortal marvels as Daedalus. At first Circe thinks he is joking, but Aeëtes informs her that Helios is indeed gifting him a kingdom. Circe asks if she can come with him to his kingdom, but Aeëtes refuses, coldly telling her “to get [her] own.” Stunned and horrified, Circe pleads with him, but Aeëtes continues to rebuff her.
Active
Themes
Aeëtes leaves for his new kingdom right after the wedding. Shortly after, Perses leaves for Persia, where he hopes to find demons. Circe abruptly finds herself alone once again in Helios’s halls. Dejected and despairing, she often visits the “old deserted shore” that Aeëtes used to take her to. There, while pacing across the sand that had once marked Aeëtes’s steps, she recognizes that she was “Not a good enough reason” for him to stay. In the depths of her loneliness, she regrets not having asked one of the mortals at the wedding to marry her. And then, one day, she sees a boat.
Active
Themes
