Crying in H Mart

by Michelle Zauner
Kimchi Symbol Icon
Kimchi Symbol Icon

Kimchi, a Korean banchan made from fermented vegetables and red pepper paste, symbolizes Michelle’s desire to commemorate and capture her mother’s life through her creative pursuits. Kimchi is a staple of Korean food, the most essential dish in a cuisine that has often united Michelle with her mom. In fact, kimchi is so important to Chongmi’s palette that when she loses the ability to eat kimchi in her final days, she laments that she has nothing left “to look forward to.” After Chongmi’s death, Michelle finds learning to make kimchi therapeutic, studying YouTube tutorials from a chef named Maangchi and making batch after batch. In recreating this familiar taste—and in using her mother’s beloved kimchi fridge to keep the condiment at the exact right temperature for fermentation—Michelle is able to feel close to her mom.

But if the flavors of kimchi provide one link between Michelle and her mother, the science of fermentation that makes kimchi possible has even more symbolic meaning. By brining and storing dying vegetables, Michelle realizes, the vegetables “exist in time and transform,” enjoying “a new life altogether.” Similarly, Michelle wants to transmute and preserve her memories of her mother, whether that is writing about Chongmi in the songs on Psychopomp or commemorating her mother in the essay “Love, Loss and Kimchi” (or in Crying in H Mart itself). “The culture we shared was active, effervescent,” Michelle reflects, using the language of fermentation to describe her ability to extend her mother’s cultural and personal influence into the world. And just as kimchi preserves dying vegetables to create new forms of nutrition and deliciousness, Michelle is determined to ensure that “the lessons [Chongmi] imparted, the proof of her life” will “live on” in the art Michelle herself makes.

Kimchi Quotes in Crying in H Mart

The Crying in H Mart quotes below all refer to the symbol of Kimchi. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Food, Culture, and Memory Theme Icon
).

Chapter 3: Double Lid Quotes

Standing at the counter, we'd open every Tupperware container full of homemade banchan, and snack together in the blue dark of the humid kitchen. Sweet braised black soybeans, crisp yellow sprouts with scallion and sesame oil, and tart, juicy cucumber kimchi were shoveled into our mouths behind spoonfuls of warm, lavender kong bap straight from the open rice cooker. We'd giggle and shush each other as we ate ganjang gejang with our fingers, sucking salty, rich, custardy raw crab from its shell, prodding the meat from its crevices with our tongues, licking our soy sauce-stained fingers. Between chews of a wilted perilla leaf, my mother would say, “This is how I know you're a true Korean.”

Related Characters: Chongmi (Michelle’s Mom) (speaker), Michelle Zauner (speaker), Halmoni
Related Symbols: Kimchi
Page Number and Citation: 27
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 10: Living and Dying Quotes

“What do I even have left to look forward to, Michelle?” [My mom] said, welling up as she eyed the wilted white cabbage. “I can't even eat kimchi.”

“Your hair is really growing back,” I said, trying to change the subject. I put my hand on her head and gently ran my palm over the sparse white fuzz. “For someone who's sick you still look very young and beautiful.”

“Do I?” she said, feigning modesty

“It's true,” I said. “It almost looks like…are you wearing makeup?” I had never realized that my mother had her eyebrows tattooed. They looked so natural it was hard to tell.

Related Characters: Michelle Zauner (speaker), Chongmi (Michelle’s Mom) (speaker)
Related Symbols: Kimchi
Page Number and Citation: 123
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 16: Jatjuk Quotes

That wasn’t so hard, I thought to myself, happy to have conquered the dish Kye had mystified.

This was all I wanted, I realized, after so many days of decadent filets and pricey crustaceans, potatoes slathered in the many glorious permutations that ratios of butter, cheese, and cream take. This plain porridge was the first dish to make me feel full.

Related Characters: Michelle Zauner (speaker), Halmoni, Maangchi, Chongmi (Michelle’s Mom), Michelle’s Dad, Kye
Related Symbols: Kimchi
Page Number and Citation: 190
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 19: Kimchi Fridge Quotes

I had thought fermentation was controlled death. Left alone, a head of cabbage molds and decomposes. It becomes rotten, inedible. But when brined and stored, the course of its decay is altered. […] Its color and texture transmute. Its flavor becomes tarter, more pungent. It exists in time and transforms. So it is not quite controlled death, because it enjoys a new life altogether.

The memories I had stored, I could not let fester. Could not let trauma infiltrate and spread, to spoil and render them useless. They were moments to be tended. The culture we shared was active, effervescent in my gut and in my genes, and I had to seize it, foster it so it did not die in me. So that I could pass it on someday. The lessons she imparted, the proof of her life lived in on me, in my every move and deed.

Related Characters: Michelle Zauner (speaker), Chongmi (Michelle’s Mom), Maangchi
Related Symbols: Kimchi
Page Number and Citation: 223
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 20: Coffee Hanjan Quotes

I swayed back and forth with [Nami], squinting to try to sound out the vowels and keep up with the melody, a melody I searched for deep within a memory that may or may not have existed, or a memory that belonged to my mother that I had somehow accessed. I could feel Nami searching for something in me that I had spent the last week searching for in her. Not quite my mother and not quite her sister, we existed in that moment as each other’s next best thing.

[…] I tried my best to sing along. I wanted to do all I could to help resuscitate her memory. I chased after the Korean characters that seemed highlighted at the breakneck speed of a pinball. I let the lyrics fly from my mouth always just a little bit behind, hoping my mother tongue would guide me.

Related Characters: Michelle Zauner (speaker), Nami, Peter, Emo Boo, Chongmi (Michelle’s Mom)
Related Symbols: Kimchi
Page Number and Citation: 238
Explanation and Analysis:
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Crying in H Mart PDF

Kimchi Symbol Timeline in Crying in H Mart

The timeline below shows where the symbol Kimchi appears in Crying in H Mart. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Chapter 1: Crying in H Mart
Food, Culture, and Memory Theme Icon
Identity, Language, and Loss Theme Icon
...mom, Michelle always felt that her strongest ties to her Korean heritage came through food: kimchi and banchan and seaweed soup. And while her mom never really taught her how to... (full context)
Chapter 10: Living and Dying
Food, Culture, and Memory Theme Icon
Identity, Language, and Loss Theme Icon
Beauty and Bodily Decay Theme Icon
...bringing her an array of Korean treats. When Chongmi realizes she can no longer eat kimchi because the red pepper is too painful in her mouth, she wells up—“what do I... (full context)
Chapter 14: Lovely
Food, Culture, and Memory Theme Icon
Identity, Language, and Loss Theme Icon
Michelle washes up and looks in her mom’s kimchi fridge, an appliance meant to mimic the cold Korean soil where kimchi was traditionally stored.... (full context)
Chapter 18: Maangchi and Me
Food, Culture, and Memory Theme Icon
Creation, Tribute, and Maternal Lineage Theme Icon
...Queens, a full hour away. When Michelle spots some of the onggi, vessels for storing kimchi, she decides to buy them and try her hand at making the condiment. Using Maangchi’s... (full context)
Food, Culture, and Memory Theme Icon
Two weeks pass, and the now-fermented kimchi is “perfect.” Michelle starts making new batches once a month, trying different varieties each time... (full context)
Chapter 19: Kimchi Fridge
Food, Culture, and Memory Theme Icon
Creation, Tribute, and Maternal Lineage Theme Icon
The next time Michelle sees Chongmi’s kimchi fridge is when she stumbles across it while at Peter’s parents’ house for Thanksgiving. She... (full context)
Chapter 20: Coffee Hanjan
Creation, Tribute, and Maternal Lineage Theme Icon
...the album is a picture of Chongmi. Around the same time, Michelle’s essay—“Love, Loss, and Kimchi,” about her relationship with Chongmi—is published in Glamour magazine. Michelle quits her day job in... (full context)