LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Humanity and Empathy
Reality vs. Artificiality
Alienation
Religion and Faith
Consumerism
Summary
Analysis
In the year 2021, Rick Deckard wakes up to the sound of his Penfield mood organ, which he adjusts to a setting that makes him ready for the day. He stretches and notices his wife, Iran, lying in bed with her mood organ set to a depressive state. When Rick suggests she adjust her mood to something more positive, she refuses. She explains that she schedules periods of despair into her routine to feel connected to the grim reality of their world, which has been devastated by World War Terminus. Rick argues that such feelings are dangerous and urges her to join him in a shared, positive mood setting. Iran resists at first but eventually agrees, and Rick adjusts both their consoles—hers to instill admiration for his wisdom and his own to match the professional mindset he needs for work.
This is a novel interested in interrogating what makes someone a “real” human as opposed to a synthetic or artificial lifeform. Although Rick and Iran are by all appearances human, they are using an object developed by a corporation to adjust their present states of mind. In other words, they are biologically human, but they are using artificial means to alter how they experience reality. For Rick, the mood organ is necessary to prepare him for the coming day, while Iran uses it to put her in the proper state of mind to contemplate the ruined state of the world.
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After a quick breakfast, Rick dresses in his protective gear and heads to the roof to care for his sheep. On the roof, he checks on the animal, a highly realistic electric replica of a real sheep, designed to mimic the behavior of a live animal. Bill Barbour, Rick’s neighbor, shows up to care for his Percheron horse and proudly announces that the mare is pregnant. Rick, envious of the valuable horse, asks if Bill would consider selling either the horse or the colt, offering a payment plan of $500 per month for 10 months. Bill refuses, explaining that Percheron horses are incredibly rare, and even inferior colts would not sell at catalogue value due to their scarcity. He recounts the lengths he went to acquire the horse, including flying to Canada and personally transporting her back to ensure her safety.
This interaction demonstrates the social sway and stigma that is attached to owning animals. On the one hand, caring for animals is a sign of empathy, where people give up their time to help another living thing flourish. However, in this society, animals have also turned into status symbols—people like Rick buy fake animals in order to make themselves feel fulfilled and to show others that they are valuable members of society. Characters like Rick fall victim to a consumerist mindset and buy a product—in this case the electric sheep—to feel complete, but they are still left with a sense of emptiness.
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Frustrated, Rick reveals the control panel on his sheep, admitting that it is an electric model. He explains that his real sheep, Groucho, died from tetanus after stepping on a piece of wire left in the hay. Unable to afford a live replacement, Rick purchased the mechanical replica to avoid the social shame of not owning a live animal. He tells Bill how he puts just as much effort into caring for the fake sheep as he did for the real one but acknowledges that it is not the same. Bill expresses sympathy and assures Rick he will keep the secret, but also suggests Rick consider smaller, more affordable animals, such as a cat or mouse. Rick dismisses the idea, stating he wants a large animal like a horse or cow to restore his social standing.
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As the conversation ends, Rick bitterly points out that Bill’s horse could die unexpectedly, just as his sheep did. As Rick storms away, Bill apologizes for offending him. Then, Rick walks to his hovercar, determined to start his day. His focus shifts to his job as a bounty hunter, where “retiring” rogue androids could provide him with the extra income that he needs to purchase another large animal.
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