Doctor Zhivago

Doctor Zhivago

by Boris Pasternak

Social Differences and Social Change Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
History and Agency Theme Icon
Destiny Theme Icon
Social Differences and Social Change Theme Icon
Love and Responsibility Theme Icon
Russian Culture and Christianity Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Doctor Zhivago, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Social Differences and Social Change Theme Icon

The characters in Doctor Zhivago occupy a wide variety of social positions, almost all of which have drastically changed by the end of the novel. By following a socioeconomically diverse set of characters during a period of tremendous social upheaval, the novel explores the extent to which people are shaped by social positions and how they adapt when the social structures they live in are transformed or destroyed. This process is exemplified by the revolution but is not exclusive to it. The beginning of the novel already finds both the Zhivagos and the Guichards in transition, as downwardly mobile business elites forced to adapt to their changing circumstances. The novel contrasts Yuri’s sheltered upper-class upbringing with Lara’s more precarious education and early life, though her proximity to wealth and power through her one-time lover Komarovsky and the Kologrivovs is itself radically different from the lives of her neighbors Pasha Antipov and Galliulin. The characters then go on to remake themselves several times over during the war and subsequent revolution, a process painfully illustrated by Tonya selling her family’s luxurious furniture to pay for basic necessities like firewood. The chaotic nature of these shifts produces improbable combinations of social traits and characteristics in people like Samdevyatov, the bourgeois estate lawyer and Bolshevik revolutionary. In fact, the most adaptable people are those previous unable to settle in any one way of life, like the many-careered Glafira Tuntseva. In examining a given person’s social position alongside their true self, the novel considers how significantly personal and social change impacts a person’s life, suggesting that while human beings are deeply adaptable creatures, they are never quite the same once they have adapted to their new circumstances.

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Social Differences and Social Change ThemeTracker

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Social Differences and Social Change Quotes in Doctor Zhivago

Below you will find the important quotes in Doctor Zhivago related to the theme of Social Differences and Social Change.

Part 2: A Girl from a Different Circle Quotes

If mama finds out, she’ll kill her. Kill her and then take her own life.

How did it happen? How could it happen? Now it’s too late. She should have thought earlier.

Now she’s—what’s it called?—now she’s-a fallen woman. She’s a woman from a French novel, and tomorrow she will go to school and sit at the same desk with those girls, who, compared to her, are still unweaned babies. Lord, Lord, how could it happen!

Related Characters: Larissa “Lara” Fyodorovna Antipova (neé Guichard) (speaker), Madame Guichard, Viktor Ippolitovich Komarovsky
Page Number: 51-52
Explanation and Analysis:

The boys were playing at the most dreadful and adult of games, at war, and moreover of a sort that you were hanged or exiled for taking part in. Yet the ends of their bashlyks were tied at the back with such knots that it gave them away as children and showed that they still had papas and mamas. Lara looked at them as a big girl looks at little boys. There was a bloom of innocence on their dangerous amusements. They imparted the same stamp to everything else. To the frosty evening, overgrown with such shaggy hoarfrost that its thickness made it look not white but black. To the blue courtyard. To the house opposite, where the boys were hiding. And, above all, to the pistol shots that cracked from it all the time. “The boys are shooting,” thought Lara. She thought it not of Nika and Patulya, but of the whole shooting city. “Good, honest boys,” she thought. “They're good, that’s why they’re shooting.”

Related Characters: Larissa “Lara” Fyodorovna Antipova (neé Guichard) (speaker), Nika Dudorov, Pavel “Pasha” Antipov (Strelnikov)
Related Symbols: Winter
Page Number: 58
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 5: Farewell to the Old Quotes

Suddenly, for the first time in all those days, Yuri Andreevich understood with full clarity where he was, what was happening to him, and what would meet him in a little more than an hour or two.

Three years of changes, uncertainty, marches, war, revolution, shocks, shootings, scenes of destruction, scenes of death, blown-up bridges, ruins, fires—all that suddenly turned into a vast, empty place, devoid of content. The first true event after the long interruption was this giddy train ride towards his home, which was intact and still existed in the world, and where every little stone was dear to him. This was what life was, this was what experience was, this was what the seekers of adventure were after, this was what art had in view—coming to your dear ones, returning to yourself, the renewing of existence.

Related Characters: Yuri Andreevich Zhivago
Page Number: 192
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 6: The Moscow Encampment Quotes

His friends had become strangely dull and colorless. None of them had held on to his own world, his own opinion. They were much brighter in his memories. Apparently he had overestimated them earlier.

As long as the order of things had allowed the well-to-do to be whimsical and eccentric at the expense of the deprived, how easy it had been to mistake for a real face and originality that whimsicality and right to idleness which the minority enjoyed while the majority suffered.

But as soon as the lower strata arose and the privileges of the upper strata were abolished, how quickly everyone faded, how unregretfully they parted with independent thinking, which none of them, evidently, had ever had!

Related Characters: Yuri Andreevich Zhivago, Misha Gordon, Nika Dudorov, Nikolai Nikolaevich Vedenyapin
Page Number: 204
Explanation and Analysis:

Administrative re-elections were held everywhere: in house committees, in organizations, at work, in public service institutions. Their makeup was changing. Commissars with unlimited power were appointed everywhere, people of iron will, in black leather jackets, armed with means of intimidation and revolvers, who rarely shaved and still more rarely slept.

They were well acquainted with the petty bourgeois breed, the average holder of small government bonds, the groveling conformist, and never spared him, talking to him with a Mephistophelean smirk, as with a pilferer caught in the act.

These people controlled everything as the program dictated, and enterprise after enterprise, association after association, became Bolshevik.

Page Number: 230
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 7: On the Way Quotes

From an early age Strelnikov had striven for the highest and the brightest. He considered life an enormous arena in which people, honorably observing the rules, compete in the attainment of perfection.

When it turned out that this was not so, it never entered his head that he was wrong in simplifying the world order. Having driven the offense inside for a long time, he began to cherish the thought of one day becoming an arbiter between life and the dark principles that distort it, of stepping forth to its defense and avenging it.

Disappointment embittered him. The revolution armed him.

Related Characters: Pavel Ferapontovich Antipov, Larissa “Lara” Fyodorovna Antipova (neé Guichard), Yuri Andreevich Zhivago, Pavel “Pasha” Antipov (Strelnikov)
Page Number: 298
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 10: On the High Road Quotes

And everything used to give joy by its richness and shapeliness—church services, dances, people, manners—even though the family was from simple folk, tradesmen, from peasants and workers. And Russia, too, was a young girl, and she had real suitors, real protectors, not like nowadays. Now everything’s lost its sheen, there’s nothing but the civilian trash of lawyers and Yids, chewing words tirelessly, day and night, choking on words. Vlasushka and his retinue hope to lure the old golden times back with champagne and good wishes. Is that any way to win back a lost love? You’ve got to overturn stones for that, move mountains, dig up the earth!

Related Characters: Galuzina (speaker), Vlas “Vlasushka” Galuzin
Page Number: 368-369
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 11: The Forest Army Quotes

“[…] I grant that you’re all bright lights and liberators of Russia, that without you she would perish, drowned in poverty and ignorance, and nevertheless I can’t be bothered with you, and I spit on you, I don’t like you, and you can all go to the devil.

“The rulers of your minds indulge in proverbs, but they’ve forgotten the main one, that love cannot be forced, and they have a deeply rooted habit of liberating people and making them happy, especially those who haven’t asked for it. You probably fancy that there’s no better place in the world for me than your camp and your company. I probably should even bless you and thank you for my captivity, for your having liberated me from my family, my son, my home, my work, from everything that’s dear to me and that I live by.”

Related Characters: Yuri Andreevich Zhivago (speaker), Liberius Mikulitsyn
Page Number: 402
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 12: The Frosted Rowan Quotes

Or, again, take your red banner. What do you think? You think it’s a flag? And yet, see, it’s not a flag at all, it’s the plaguey-girl’s fetching raspberry kerchief—fetching, I say, and why is it fetching? To wave and wink at the young lads, to fetch young lads for the slaughter, for death, to inflict the plague on them. And you believed it was a flag—come to me, prolety and poorlety of all lands.

Related Characters: Kubarikha (speaker), Yuri Andreevich Zhivago, Pamphil Palykh
Page Number: 434
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 13: Opposite the House with Figures Quotes

This time justified the saying: Man is a wolf to man. A wayfarer turned aside at the sight of another wayfarer; a man would kill the man he met, so as not to be killed himself. There were isolated cases of cannibalism. The human laws of civilization ended. Those of beasts were in force. Man dreamed the prehistoric dreams of the caveman.

Related Characters: Yuri Andreevich Zhivago
Page Number: 448
Explanation and Analysis:

Outside the window it began to snow. Wind carried the snow obliquely, ever faster and ever denser, as if trying all the while to make up for something, and the way Yuri Andreevich stared ahead of him through the window was as if it were not snow falling but the continued reading of Tonya’s letter, and not dry starlike flakes that raced and flashed, but small spaces of white paper between small black letters, white, white, endless, endless.

Yuri Andreevich involuntarily moaned and clutched his chest. He felt faint, made several hobbling steps towards the couch, and collapsed on it unconscious.

Related Characters: Yuri Andreevich Zhivago, Antonina “Tonya” Alexandrovna Zhivago (neé Gromeko), Alexander Alexandrovich Gromeko
Related Symbols: Winter
Page Number: 495
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 14: In Varykino Again Quotes

With his lament for Lara, he also lamented that far-off summer in Meliuzeevo, when the revolution was a god come down from heaven to earth, the god of that time, that summer, and each one went mad in his own way, and the life of each existed by itself and not as an explanatory illustration confirming the rightness of superior politics.

Related Characters: Yuri Andreevich Zhivago, Larissa “Lara” Fyodorovna Antipova (neé Guichard), Viktor Ippolitovich Komarovsky
Page Number: 539
Explanation and Analysis:

This was the sickness of the age, the revolutionary madness of the epoch. In thought everyone was different from words and outward show. No one had a clear conscience. Each with good reason could feel himself guilty, a secret criminal, and unexposed deceiver. On the slightest pretext, a rage of self-castigating imagination would play itself out to the uttermost limits. People fantasized, denounced themselves, not only under the effect of fear, but also drawn on by a destructively morbid inclination, of their own free will, in a state of metaphysical trance and passion for self-condemnation that, once set loose, could not be stopped.

Related Characters: Yuri Andreevich Zhivago, Pavel “Pasha” Antipov (Strelnikov)
Page Number: 542
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 15: The Ending Quotes

One day Larissa Fyodorovna left the house and did not come back again. Evidently she was arrested on the street in those days and died or vanished no one knew where, forgotten under some nameless number on subsequently lost lists, in one of the countless general or women’s concentration camps in the north.

Related Characters: Larissa “Lara” Fyodorovna Antipova (neé Guichard), Yuri Andreevich Zhivago, Evgraf Zhivago
Page Number: 595
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 16: Epilogue Quotes

To the aging friends at the window it seemed that this freedom of the soul had come, that precisely on that evening the future had settled down tangibly in the streets below, that they themselves had entered into that future and henceforth found themselves in it. A happy, tender, sense of peace about this holy city and about the whole earth, about the participants in this story who had lived till that evening and about their children, filled them and enveloped them in an inaudible music of happiness, which spread far around. And it was as if the book in their hands knew it all and lent their feelings support and confirmation.

Related Characters: Nika Dudorov, Misha Gordon, Yuri Andreevich Zhivago
Page Number: 613
Explanation and Analysis: