Edward II is generally categorized as a history play or as a tragedy, as the play combines elements of both genres.
As a history play, Edward II portrays real events and figures from English history, primarily focusing on the reign and downfall of early-14th-century King Edward II. Like his contemporary playwright William Shakespeare, Marlowe draws upon Raphael Holinshed’s chronicles of medieval history in order to tell the story of an English King whose decisions and personal characteristics shaped the course of the nation’s history. Marlowe is not particularly concerned with historical accuracy in his dramatic adaptation of these events, and he alters his source materials in order to tell a compelling story that foregrounds the very different characters and temperaments of Edward II and his primary enemy Roger Mortimer.
At the same time, the play also exhibits characteristics of the tragedy genre. It centers on the tragic downfall of the main character, King Edward II and the conflicts between his personal desires and the duties and responsibilities of Kingship. So too does the play delve into themes generally associated with tragedy, such as fate and mortality. Edward II, whose many lengthy monologues meditate on dark and somber themes, is often thought of as a model for some of Shakespeare’s tragic protagonists.
Overall, Edward II can be considered a blend of historical and tragic genres, offering a dramatic interpretation of historical events with a focus on the tragic downfall of its deeply flawed protagonist.
