Genesis

by Anonymous

Genesis: Chapter 21 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
The LORD fulfills his promise to Sarah—she conceives and bears Abraham a son, whom Abraham names Isaac. Isaac is circumcised at eight days old. Abraham is 100 years old when Isaac is born. Sarah says that God has brought laughter to her, and now everyone who hears about it will laugh along with her.
God’s long-awaited promise to Abraham and Sarah is fulfilled with the birth of Isaac. Isaac’s circumcision, in turn, fulfills God’s commandment to Abraham. The “laughter” surrounding Isaac—his name’s meaning—evokes joy, relief, and gratitude.
Active Themes
Covenants and Faith in God’s Promises Theme Icon
The Role of Women Theme Icon
After Isaac is weaned, Sarah sees Hagar’s son Ishmael playing with Isaac, and she gets angry. She demands that Abraham cast out both Hagar and her son. God assures Abraham, who is upset, that he will provide for Ishmael, so Abraham sends Hagar and Ishmael into the wilderness with provisions.
Though it’s not clear why Sarah gets angry, she seems to regard Ishmael as a rival to Isaac—suggesting that she still doesn’t fully trust in God’s promise to make Isaac Abraham’s heir.
Active Themes
Mistrust, Disobedience, and Death Theme Icon
Covenants and Faith in God’s Promises Theme Icon
The Role of Women Theme Icon
After they run out of water, Hagar settles Ishmael under a bush and walks away, unwilling to watch him die. When she weeps, the angel of God speaks to her, telling her not to be afraid; he will make a great nation of Ishmael. Then Hagar sees a well of water, and she gives Ishmael a drink. Ishmael grows up in the wilderness, and God is with him.
Active Themes
Mistrust, Disobedience, and Death Theme Icon
Covenants and Faith in God’s Promises Theme Icon
The Role of Women Theme Icon
Meanwhile, Abimelech asks Abraham to swear loyalty to him, since God has made Abraham prosper, and Abimelech has treated Abraham fairly. Abraham swears. Later, when Abimelech’s servants seize one of Abraham’s wells, Abraham brings seven ewe lambs, and the two men make a covenant; the acceptance of the lambs is a witness that the well belongs to Abraham. Abraham continues to live in Beer-sheba, in the land of the Philistines.
Active Themes
Covenants and Faith in God’s Promises Theme Icon
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