Giovanni’s Room
by James Baldwin

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Jacques Character Analysis

Jacques is an older gay man living in Paris. A wealthy American businessman, Jacques was born in Belgium and now leads a somewhat lavish life in France, where he hosts orgies and often has relationships with attractive young men. These relationships hinge upon the fact that he showers men in money, spoiling them in return for their affection. This is the exact dynamic that he and David have, except their relationship is strictly platonic because David insists that he’s heterosexual. When he runs out of money, though, he’s forced to call Jacques for help. Arranging to meet up for dinner and drinks, the two men find themselves at Guillaume’s bar, where Jacques takes an immediate interest in Giovanni. While relishing the opportunity to be seen in public with David, Jacques asks him to speak to Giovanni, wanting the young American to invite Giovanni to have a drink with them. However, this does nothing to increase Jacques’s chances with Giovanni, though this merely ignites sparks between Giovanni and David. Recognizing this, Jacques urges David to finally stop denying his sexual identity, offering him sincere advice about coming to terms with oneself and allowing oneself to be happy. In this way, Jacques exists as both an exploitative figure and a caring friend—a dynamic that resurfaces when he eventually takes Giovanni in after David leaves him without money. Later, Jacques is the one to provide David with updates regarding Giovanni’s legal battle after Giovanni murders Guillaume.

Jacques Quotes in Giovanni’s Room

The Giovanni’s Room quotes below are all either spoken by Jacques or refer to Jacques. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
).

Part 1: Chapter 2 Quotes

As long as I was there the world could see and he could believe that he was out with me, his friend, he was not there out of desperation, he was not at the mercy of whatever adventurer chance, cruelty, or the laws of actual and emotional poverty might throw his way.

Related Characters: David (speaker), Jacques, Guillaume, Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 32
Explanation and Analysis:
This is a description of the way David sees his relationship with Jacques. Two years after David moves to Paris, he runs out of money and asks Jacques for financial help. This means that he has to go out with Jacques, since there is an unspoken contract between them—according to this contract, Jacques will help David as long as David lets Jacques parade him around as if he’s his date. This, of course, is rather difficult for David, who doesn’t want to risk his image as a heterosexual man, but he agrees to go to dinner and drinks with Jacques Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem

“If that was his sister looking so good. I’d invite her to have a drink with us. I don’t spend money on men.”

I could see Jacques struggling not to say that I didn’t have any objection to allowing men to spend money on me; I watched his brief struggle with a slight smile, for I knew he couldn’t say it; then he said, with that cheery, brave smile of his:

“I was not suggesting that you jeopardize, even for a moment, that’—he paused—‘that immaculate manhood which is your pride and joy. I only suggested that you invite him because he will almost certainly refuse if I invite him.”

Related Characters: Jacques (speaker), David (speaker), Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 32
Explanation and Analysis:
In this exchange, David tells Jacques that he doesn’t want to invite Giovanni to have a drink with them. Jacques has just asked David to offer Giovanni a drink, which is why David defensively insists that he would only do such a thing if Giovanni were an attractive woman. “I don’t spend money on men,” he says bluntly, overstating the lie that he’s only drawn to women. By saying this, he takes a subtle jab at Jacques himself, who has just given him 10,000 francs. In this moment, David recognizes his own hypocrisy, since he claims not to spend money Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Si

“There’s been no confusion,” I snapped. “Don’t you go get­ting confused, either.”

“I think I can safely say,” said Jacques, “that I have scarcely ever been less confused than I am at this moment.” He had stopped smiling; he gave me a look which was dry, bitter, and impersonal. “And, at the risk of losing forever your so remarkably candid friendship, let me tell you something. Confusion is a luxury which only the very, very young can possibly afford, and you are not that young anymore.”

“I don’t know what you’re talking about,” I said. “Let’s have another drink.”

I felt that I had better get drunk.

Related Characters: David (speaker), Jacques (speaker), Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 43
Explanation and Analysis:
When David acts on Jacques’s request for David to invite Giovanni to have a drink, Jacques gets pulled away for a moment, leaving the two young men alone. Left to their own devices, they have a stimulating and flirtatious conversation. When Jacques returns, he facetiously wonders aloud if Giovanni has gotten confused, saying that perhaps the server thinks David is the one who’s interested in him. Of course, Jacques knows that this actually is the case, but David vehemently rejects this insinuation. Nevertheless, Jacques goes on, saying that David isn’t young enough anymore to continue wasting his time pretending that Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusan

As for the boys at the bar, they were each invisibly preening, having already calculated how much money he and his copain would need for the next few days, having already appraised Guillaume to within a decimal of that figure, and having already estimated how long Guillaume, as a fountainhead, would last, and also how long they would be able to endure him. […] There was also Jacques, who might turn out to be a bonus, or merely a consolation prize.

Related Characters: David (speaker), Giovanni, Guillaume, Jacques
Page Number and Citation: 54
Explanation and Analysis:
This is a description of the small and dirty restaurant that David and Giovanni go to for breakfast with Jacques and Guillaume after having spent the night drinking at Guillaume’s bar. Right away, Guillaume notices a group of young men sitting at one end of the bar in this restaurant, and David realizes that his own mutually-exploitative relationship with Jacques isn’t the only one of its kind. In fact, even these young men instantly recognize that they will be able to financially benefit from establishing a relationship of sorts with Guillaume for as long as they can “endure him.” Conversely, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consecte

“I mean you could have been fair to me by despising me a little less.”

“I’m sorry. But I think, since you bring it up, that a lot of your life is despicable.”

“I could say the same about yours,” said Jacques. “There are so many ways of being despicable it quite makes one’s head spin. But the way to be really despicable is to be con­temptuous of other people’s pain.”

Related Characters: David (speaker), Jacques (speaker), Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 56
Explanation and Analysis:
This conversation takes place between David and Jacques. They are standing at the bar in a restaurant Giovanni took them to after a night of drinking. Having recognized David’s attraction to Giovanni, Jacques urges him to treat the young man with more kindness than he has treated Jacques with in their relationship. In response, David claims that he hasn’t mistreated Jacques, but Jacques points out that David never even tried to hide his dislike of him. When he says this, he reveals that he’s perfectly aware David judges him for using money to attract and exploit young men. Rather than Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum

“Love him,” said Jacques, with vehemence, “love him and let him love you. Do you think anything else under heaven really matters? And how long, at the best, can it last, since you are both men and still have everywhere to go? Only five minutes, I assure you, only five minutes, and most of that, helas! in the dark. And if you think of them as dirty, then they will be dirty—they will be dirty because you will be giving nothing, you will be despising your flesh and his. But you can make your time together anything but dirty, you can give each other something which will make both of you better—forever—if you will not be ashamed, if you will only not play it safe.” He paused, watching me, and then looked down to his cognac. “You play it safe long enough,” he said, in a different tone, “and you’ll end up trapped in your own dirty body, forever and forever and forever—like me.”

Related Characters: Jacques (speaker), David, Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 58
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Jacques urges David to embrace his romantic feelings for Giovanni. Having recognized that David is attracted to Giovanni, he tries to convince his young friend to listen to his heart. However, David is unwilling to acknowledge his attraction to men, so he deflects Jacques’s comments by asking why he has sex with men, saying that Jacques is constantly hell-bent on securing five minutes of “dirty” happiness in the dark. In response, Jacques tries to show him that even five minutes of genuine love is worth everything in the world. More importantly, he says that something is only Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labo

Part 2: Chapter 2 Quotes

“You want to be clean. You think you came here covered with soap and you think you will go out covered with soap—and you do not want to stink, not even for five minutes, in the meantime. […] You want to leave Giovanni because he makes you stink. You want to despise Giovanni because he is not afraid of the stink of love. You want to kill him in the name of all your lying little mor­alities. And you—you are immoral.”

Related Characters: Giovanni (speaker), Hella, David, Jacques
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 133
Explanation and Analysis:
Giovanni says this to David after David leaves him without warning for three days. By the time he returns, Giovanni has learned that David has chosen Hella over him, and when David tries to defend this decision, Giovanni accuses him of being a coward. Understanding that David doesn’t truly love Hella, Giovanni knows that the only reason David is leaving him is because he isn’t courageous enough to accept his own sexual orientation. Rather than coming to terms with his sexual preferences, Giovanni claims, David tricks himself into thinking that he’s “clean” and pure. For this reason, he fears committing Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur
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Jacques Character Timeline in Giovanni’s Room

The timeline below shows where the character Jacques appears in Giovanni’s Room. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Part 1: Chapter 2
Travel, Identity, and Emotional Escape Theme Icon
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
...for failing to pay rent. Because of this, he calls an older gay man named Jacques and arranges to meet him for dinner. Jacques is a businessman from the United States... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
...with other gay (or possibly bisexual) men, he pretends to be straight, which is why Jacques wants to be seen as his date, relishing the thought that people might think he... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Gender and Societal Expectations Theme Icon
After David and Jacques have dinner and Jacques agrees to lend him 10,000 francs, they make their way to... (full context)
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
David knows that the only way Jacques will be successful in wooing Giovanni is if Giovanni needs money. In fact, even Jacques... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Gender and Societal Expectations Theme Icon
Giovanni comes to take Jacques and David’s orders. They’re both stunned by his beauty, but Giovanni politely defers when Jacques... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Gender and Societal Expectations Theme Icon
When Giovanni returns to David and Jacques’s table, David invites him to have a drink with them. Just then, Guillaume appears behind... (full context)
Travel, Identity, and Emotional Escape Theme Icon
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
...seeing the world, but Giovanni is only being playful. After a moment, Giovanni asks if Jacques is David’s uncle, and when David assures him that he isn’t, he admits that he... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
When David is on his own again, Jacques leans toward him and says that everyone is talking about him and Giovanni. With a... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Gender and Societal Expectations Theme Icon
Giovanni briefly circles back to David and Jacques, at which point Jacques drops overwhelmingly obvious hints about the fact that David is interested... (full context)
Part 1: Chapter 3
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
...finally locks the door of his bar, it is 5:00 in the morning. Together, he, Jacques, David, and Giovanni decide to get breakfast, taking a taxi to another part of Paris.... (full context)
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
...the hostess welcomes this idea, David realizes that she’s quite adept at allowing men like Jacques and Guillaume to feel comfortable in her establishment, helping them find any excuse to flirt... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
While they stand at the bar, Jacques speaks to David in a low voice, saying that this has been an important night... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
In a serious tone, Jacques asks if David is going to treat Giovanni the same way he has treated him,... (full context)
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
After Jacques and David finish their conversation, Jacques starts flirting with one of the young men at... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Gender and Societal Expectations Theme Icon
Upon leaving Guillaume and Jacques at the restaurant, Giovanni insists that David  should come back to his room, which is... (full context)
Part 2: Chapter 4
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Gender and Societal Expectations Theme Icon
...As this conversation ends, they duck into a bookstore and come face to face with Jacques. (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
 “We were beginning to think that you had gone back to America,” Jacques says, and when David asks who he means when he says “we,” Jacques says that... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
...him to Hella, whom he calls his fiancée. Giovanni greets her coldly, at which point Jacques proposes that they all go out for a drink. Ignoring this, Giovanni addresses David directly,... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
...then return for a drink, but when he asks where he should meet Giovanni and Jacques, Giovanni bitterly tells him that they shouldn’t be hard to find. With this, David says... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
...with Hella. After saying this, Giovanni gives up. Taking out a bottle of cognac that Jacques left in his apartment, he tells David that they should have one last drink together,... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
In the days before David and Hella leave Paris, David sometimes bumps into Giovanni and Jacques. During these encounters, he notices a change in Giovanni, who’s always dressed in beautiful clothes... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
Soon enough, David starts seeing Giovanni around Paris without Jacques. No longer dressed in nice clothes, he spends time with a group of rough young... (full context)
Part 2: Chapter 5
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
...willing to do whatever the old man wants. After all, he has already submitted to Jacques, so he might as well please Guillaume so he can have his job back. Arriving... (full context)
Travel, Identity, and Emotional Escape Theme Icon
...he knows he can’t be happy with Hella, but he goes through the motions anyway. Jacques sends him frequent updates about Giovanni’s case, sending word about what his lawyer has said,... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
...for Paris. Next to him on the table sits an envelope with a letter from Jacques—the letter that informed David that Giovanni will be executed this morning for Guillaume’s murder. As... (full context)
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
...to the side of the road. Stopping for a moment, he takes out the letter Jacques sent him and tears it up, letting the small pieces of paper drift away on... (full context)