Giovanni’s Room
by James Baldwin

Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Gender and Societal Expectations Theme Icon
Travel, Identity, and Emotional Escape Theme Icon
Money, Sex, and Exploitation Theme Icon
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Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon
Sexual Orientation and Denial Theme Icon

A novel about a closeted American man living in Paris in the 1950s, James Baldwin’s Giovanni’s Room underscores the many miseries of denying one’s true sexual orientation. In particular, David—the novel’s protagonist—denies that he’s attracted to men, and this denial causes him to resent people like Giovanni, whom he loves but can’t bring himself to fully embrace. As a result, he eventually leaves Giovanni for his girlfriend Hella, whom he deceives by pretending to be a heterosexual man. Before long, though, it becomes impossible for him to pose as a straight man, effectively alienating him from Hella. Because the damage has already been done to his relationship with Giovanni, though, David finds himself alone and miserable at the end of the novel. In this way, Baldwin illustrates the dangers of lying to oneself, ultimately suggesting that denial and self-deception hurt both the people who hide their true selves and the individuals with whom they’re dishonest.

David’s unwillingness to acknowledge his sexual orientation surfaces early in the novel, when he rehashes a short-lived boyhood romance. He explains that he spent the majority of his time one summer with a friend named Joey. During a sleepover, the boys kissed and engaged in various sexual activities, and though David enjoyed this, he was unable to face Joey the next morning. Unnerved, he left and spent the rest of the summer avoiding his friend, trying hard to pretend that what happened between them was a fluke rather than an indication of his true feelings. When school started, David spent time with a group of boys who bullied Joey, joining them in harassing his former friend. “And the sadder this made him, the nastier I became,” David remembers, making it clear that he’ll do seemingly anything to avoid processing his feelings. Rather than continuing his friendship with Joey and trying to understand the implications of his own sexual preferences, he resented Joey. When he saw the effect his behavior had on his poor friend, he was forced to recognize the gravity of his actions and thus recall the strong connection he and Joey once had. In response, he became even meaner, growing angrier at Joey for forcing him to think about something he was determined to forget. David’s aggression and repression of his true feelings shows just how eager he is to deny his attraction to other men, in addition to how this denial can turn into a form of misplaced resentment.

When David later forms a relationship with Giovanni and shares a room with him in Paris, he finds himself incapable of suppressing his true desires. However, he blames this on Giovanni, as though Giovanni created a sort of perversion in David rather than merely helping to bring David’s true desires to the surface. In other words, David begins to resent Giovanni when he realizes he can no longer hide the way he feels. “With this fearful intimation there opened in me a hatred for Giovanni which was as powerful as my love and which was nourished by the same roots,” he muses. This idea solidifies the notion that David takes out his discomfort on anyone who forces him to recognize himself for who he really is. Because his feelings for Giovanni are so strong, he can’t maintain his image of himself as a heterosexual man, so he develops a hatred for the very man he loves. By framing his attraction to men as Giovanni’s fault, then, David once more tries to deceive himself, even as he simultaneously admits his true sexual orientation.  

Blaming his insuppressible desires on Giovanni isn’t the only way David continues to deny his sexual identity. He also tries to deceive himself by the way he acts with Hella, his girlfriend who returns from vacation and interrupts his relationship with Giovanni. Although he clearly wants to end the relationship so he can be with Giovanni, he hopes Hella will be the one to call things off. After all, if he left Hella for Giovanni, this would be an undeniable sign that he’s romantically committed to a man. Unable to make this commitment, he tries to manipulate Hella into enacting his own will, hoping she’ll leave him if he acts aloof. If she leaves him, he knows he could pretend he had no choice but to continue seeing Giovanni. However, Hella doesn’t pick up on his reluctance to continue their relationship, so he’s forced to abruptly cut ties with Giovanni. In turn, Giovanni suffers because of David’s inability to own up to his true feelings. “You are not leaving me for her,” he argues. “You are leaving me for some other reason. You lie so much, you have come to believe all your own lies.” By saying this, Giovanni insists that David has thoroughly deluded himself, somehow tricking himself into believing that he loves Hella. In reality, David is only leaving Giovanni because he doesn’t have the courage to stay with him, since this would mean being truthful about his desire to be in a long-term relationship with a man. Because David can’t bring himself to admit this, he lies to both himself and to Giovanni, effectively pushing his lover away in order to protect his fragile self-image and façade as a heterosexual man.

The consequences of David’s lies bring themselves to bear on his relationship with Hella shortly after they leave Paris. Living a quiet life in the South of France, the couple develops a stilted dynamic because of David’s inability to be truthful about want he really wants. Although he says he wants to marry her and start a family, he withdraws and spends his time thinking about Giovanni. Finally, when Hella catches him having an affair with a sailor, she leaves him, saying that she’ll have trouble ever loving again because of how much she has invested herself in her relationship with David. Accordingly, readers see that David’s unwillingness to be honest with himself ultimately affects everyone he cares about, ruining his relationships and putting unjust burdens on the people closest to him. This, Baldwin intimates, is why it’s dangerous to deny one’s true feelings, as doing so only leads to a life of dishonesty, pain, and bitterness.

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Sexual Orientation and Denial Quotes in Giovanni’s Room

Below you will find the important quotes in Giovanni’s Room related to the theme of Sexual Orientation and Denial.

Part 1: Chapter 1 Quotes

And these nights were being acted out under a foreign sky, with no-one to watch, no penalties attached—it was this last fact which was our undoing, for nothing is more unbearable, once one has it, than free­dom. I suppose this was why I asked her to marry me: to give myself something to be moored to. Perhaps this was why, in Spain, she decided that she wanted to marry me. But people can’t, unhappily, invent their mooring posts, their lovers and their friends, anymore than they can invent their parents. Life gives these and also takes them away and the great difficulty is to say Yes to life.

Related Characters: David (speaker), Giovanni, Hella
Page Number and Citation: 11
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, David reflects upon the initial stages of his relationship with Hella. Shortly after he moved away from the United States, he started dating Hella, and he vividly recalls the nights they spent in bed feeling liberated. This, he suggests, has something to do with the fact that their new love (or lust) plays out “under a foreign sky,” as if simply being in another country lends them a sense of unbridled freedom that would be impossible to attain in the United States. And though this might sound like an exciting dynamic, this sense of liberation weighs heavily Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptat

I was ashamed. The very bed, in its sweet dis­order, testified to vileness. I wondered what Joey’s mother would say when she saw the sheets. Then I thought of my father, who had no one in the world but me, my mother having died when I was little. A cavern opened in my mind, black, full of rumor, suggestion, of half-heard, half-forgotten, half-understood stories, full of dirty words. I thought I saw my future in that cavern. I was afraid. I could have cried, cried for shame and terror, cried for not under­ standing how this could have happened to me, how this could have happened in me. And I made my decision.

Related Characters: David (speaker), Joey, Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 14
Explanation and Analysis:
In this section, David recalls the first sexual experience he ever had with another male as a young man. As he lies in bed after becoming physically intimate with his childhood friend Joey, he is overwhelmed by a sense of shame. This shame becomes particularly strong when he thinks about his father, indicating that he cares strongly about earning the old man’s approval—a relational dynamic that later works its way into his adulthood. He also considers a number of “half-forgotten, half-understood stories,” assumingly referring to tales he’s heard people tell about gay men. Indeed, it seems that David has only Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus

For I am—or I was—one of those people who pride themselves on their willpower, on their ability to make a decision and carry it through. This virtue, like most virtues, is ambi­guity itself. People who believe that they are strong-willed and the masters of their destiny can only continue to believe this by becoming specialists in self-deception. Their deci­sions are not really decisions at all—a real decision makes one humble, one knows that it is at the mercy of more things than can be named—but elaborate systems of evasion, of illusion, designed to make themselves and the world appear to be what they and the world are not.

Related Characters: David (speaker), David’s Father
Page Number and Citation: 25
Explanation and Analysis:
Explaining the kind of relationship he has with his father, David says that he was able to trick the old man into thinking that he leads a certain lifestyle as a heterosexual man. He claims that he’s able to do this because he’s the type of person who can devote himself to achieving something when he sets his mind to it. Indeed, he prides himself on having strong “willpower” and the “ability to make a decision and carry it through.” However, he now realizes that what he used to think of as a respectable discipline is nothing but a form Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima po

Part 1: Chapter 2 Quotes

“If that was his sister looking so good. I’d invite her to have a drink with us. I don’t spend money on men.”

I could see Jacques struggling not to say that I didn’t have any objection to allowing men to spend money on me; I watched his brief struggle with a slight smile, for I knew he couldn’t say it; then he said, with that cheery, brave smile of his:

“I was not suggesting that you jeopardize, even for a moment, that’—he paused—‘that immaculate manhood which is your pride and joy. I only suggested that you invite him because he will almost certainly refuse if I invite him.”

Related Characters: David (speaker), Jacques (speaker), Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 32
Explanation and Analysis:
In this exchange, David tells Jacques that he doesn’t want to invite Giovanni to have a drink with them. Jacques has just asked David to offer Giovanni a drink, which is why David defensively insists that he would only do such a thing if Giovanni were an attractive woman. “I don’t spend money on men,” he says bluntly, overstating the lie that he’s only drawn to women. By saying this, he takes a subtle jab at Jacques himself, who has just given him 10,000 francs. In this moment, David recognizes his own hypocrisy, since he claims not to spend money Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Si

“There’s been no confusion,” I snapped. “Don’t you go get­ting confused, either.”

“I think I can safely say,” said Jacques, “that I have scarcely ever been less confused than I am at this moment.” He had stopped smiling; he gave me a look which was dry, bitter, and impersonal. “And, at the risk of losing forever your so remarkably candid friendship, let me tell you something. Confusion is a luxury which only the very, very young can possibly afford, and you are not that young anymore.”

“I don’t know what you’re talking about,” I said. “Let’s have another drink.”

I felt that I had better get drunk.

Related Characters: Jacques (speaker), David (speaker), Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 43
Explanation and Analysis:
When David acts on Jacques’s request for David to invite Giovanni to have a drink, Jacques gets pulled away for a moment, leaving the two young men alone. Left to their own devices, they have a stimulating and flirtatious conversation. When Jacques returns, he facetiously wonders aloud if Giovanni has gotten confused, saying that perhaps the server thinks David is the one who’s interested in him. Of course, Jacques knows that this actually is the case, but David vehemently rejects this insinuation. Nevertheless, Jacques goes on, saying that David isn’t young enough anymore to continue wasting his time pretending that Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusan

“I mean you could have been fair to me by despising me a little less.”

“I’m sorry. But I think, since you bring it up, that a lot of your life is despicable.”

“I could say the same about yours,” said Jacques. “There are so many ways of being despicable it quite makes one’s head spin. But the way to be really despicable is to be con­temptuous of other people’s pain.”

Related Characters: David (speaker), Jacques (speaker), Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 56
Explanation and Analysis:
This conversation takes place between David and Jacques. They are standing at the bar in a restaurant Giovanni took them to after a night of drinking. Having recognized David’s attraction to Giovanni, Jacques urges him to treat the young man with more kindness than he has treated Jacques with in their relationship. In response, David claims that he hasn’t mistreated Jacques, but Jacques points out that David never even tried to hide his dislike of him. When he says this, he reveals that he’s perfectly aware David judges him for using money to attract and exploit young men. Rather than Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum

“Love him,” said Jacques, with vehemence, “love him and let him love you. Do you think anything else under heaven really matters? And how long, at the best, can it last, since you are both men and still have everywhere to go? Only five minutes, I assure you, only five minutes, and most of that, helas! in the dark. And if you think of them as dirty, then they will be dirty—they will be dirty because you will be giving nothing, you will be despising your flesh and his. But you can make your time together anything but dirty, you can give each other something which will make both of you better—forever—if you will not be ashamed, if you will only not play it safe.” He paused, watching me, and then looked down to his cognac. “You play it safe long enough,” he said, in a different tone, “and you’ll end up trapped in your own dirty body, forever and forever and forever—like me.”

Related Characters: Jacques (speaker), Giovanni, David
Page Number and Citation: 58
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Jacques urges David to embrace his romantic feelings for Giovanni. Having recognized that David is attracted to Giovanni, he tries to convince his young friend to listen to his heart. However, David is unwilling to acknowledge his attraction to men, so he deflects Jacques’s comments by asking why he has sex with men, saying that Jacques is constantly hell-bent on securing five minutes of “dirty” happiness in the dark. In response, Jacques tries to show him that even five minutes of genuine love is worth everything in the world. More importantly, he says that something is only Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labo

I saw myself, sharply, as a wanderer, an adventurer, rocking through the world, unanchored. I looked at Giovanni’s face, which did not help me. He belonged to this strange city, which did not belong to me. I began to see that, while what was happening to me was not so strange as it would have comforted me to believe, yet it was strange beyond belief. It was not really so strange, so unprecedented, though voices deep within me boomed, For shame! For shame! that I should be so abruptly, so hid­eously entangled with a boy; what was strange was that this was but one tiny aspect of the dreadful human tangle, occurring everywhere, without end, forever.

Related Characters: David (speaker), Hella, Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 62
Explanation and Analysis:
Just before David has sex with Giovanni for the first time, he looks at his face and feels lost. It’s interesting that he sees himself as a wayward vagrant, or somebody who is “unanchored” in the world. This aligns with his original belief that marrying Hella will make him feel “moored” to something tangible and acceptable. Because he doesn’t think two men can exist in society as a legitimate couple, he feels completely at a loss when he stares into Giovanni’s eyes and feels desire overtake him. And though he’d like to tell himself that this strong feeling of affection Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inve

Part 2: Chapter 1 Quotes

The beast which Giovanni had awakened in me would never go to sleep again; but one day I would not be with Giovanni any more. And would I then, like all the others, find myself turning and following all kinds of boys down God knows what dark avenues, into what dark places?

With this fearful intimation there opened in me a hatred for Giovanni which was as powerful as my love and which was nourished by the same roots.

Related Characters: David (speaker), Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 81
Explanation and Analysis:
David has these thoughts after he catches himself looking longingly at an attractive man who passes him and Giovanni on the street. Giovanni notices David’s gaze and immediately starts laughing, but David sees this moment as discomfortingly transformative, since he suddenly realizes the extent to which he has inadvertently embraced his attraction to men. Before dating Giovanni, he was relatively successful at hiding his sexual orientation from the outside world. Now, though, he feels as if Giovanni has stirred something inside of him that he’ll never again be able to hide. More importantly, he resents Giovanni for awakening the “beast” Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Comm

Part 2: Chapter 2 Quotes

When Giovanni wanted me to know that he was dis­pleased with me, he said I was a “vrai americain”; conversely, when delighted, he said that I was not an American at all; and on both occasions he was striking, deep in me, a nerve which did not throb in him. And I resented this: resented being called an American (and resented resenting it) because it seemed to make me nothing more than that, whatever that was; and I resented being called not an American because it seemed to make me nothing.

Related Characters: David (speaker), Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 85
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, David considers the relationship he has with his own national identity. Having left the United States, he doesn’t particularly identify with the country, at least insofar as it factors into the way he wants to present himself to the world. After all, he came to France to attain certain freedoms he thought he couldn’t enjoy in the United States, such as the freedom to have a relationship with a man, though he would never admit that this was one of his actual reasons for leaving. In this regard, it makes sense that he wouldn’t enjoy being called Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint

I cannot say that I was frightened. Or, it would be better to say that I did not feel any fear—the way men who are shot do not, I am told, feel any pain for awhile. I felt a certain relief. It seemed that the necessity for decision had been taken from my hands. I told myself that we both had always known, Giovanni and myself, that our idyll could not last forever And it was not as though I had not been honest with him—he knew all about Hella. He knew that she would be returning to Paris one day. Now she would be coming back and my life with Giovanni would be fin­ished.

Related Characters: David (speaker), Hella, Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 90
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage appears shortly after David receives a letter from Hella informing him that she’ll soon be coming back to Paris from Spain. Although this should make him unhappy because it means the end of his relationship with Giovanni, the news actually gives him a sense of “relief.” This is because Hella’s return will finally force his love life to a point of resolution, even if that resolution is undesirable. During Hella’s absence, he and Giovanni have existed in something of a gray area, in which David is happy but at odds with himself because he can’t bring himself to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possi

Again, some­where at the bottom of me, I realized that my fears had been excessive and groundless and, in effect, a lie: it became clearer every instant that what I had been afraid of had nothing to do with my body. Sue was not Hella and she did not lessen my terror of what would happen when Hella came: she increased it, she made it more real than it had been before.

Related Characters: David (speaker), Sue, Hella, Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 96
Explanation and Analysis:
After Hella tells David in a letter that she’ll soon be returning to Paris, he decides he must have sex with a woman to prepare for her imminent arrival. This, he believes, will help him combat his fear about reentering a heterosexual relationship. With this in mind, he has drinks with an acquaintance named Sue and eventually ends up having sex with her at her apartment. This passage appears while he and Sue are having sex, as David gradually realizes that he was foolish to think that having intimate relations with a woman would do anything to change his attitude Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui

Yet it was true, I recalled, turning away from the river down the long street home, I wanted children. I wanted to be inside again, with the light and safety, with my manhood unquestioned, watching my woman put my children to bed. I wanted the same bed at night and the same arms and I wanted to rise in the morning, knowing where I was. I wanted a woman to be for me a steady ground, like the earth itself, where I could always be renewed.

Related Characters: David (speaker), Hella, Sue, Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 100
Explanation and Analysis:
When Hella tells David that she’ll be returning to Paris, David has meaningless sex with his acquaintance Sue. This leaves him feeling even worse than before, since it only emphasizes the extent to which he doesn’t want to be with a woman. However, he feels differently on the walk home from Sue’s apartment, thinking that he truly does want to settle down with a woman and have a family. As he looks out over the city, he sees the lights in each apartment and wonders about the families who live in these buildings. Feeling lonely, he reminds himself that he Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae

“You want to be clean. You think you came here covered with soap and you think you will go out covered with soap—and you do not want to stink, not even for five minutes, in the meantime. […] You want to leave Giovanni because he makes you stink. You want to despise Giovanni because he is not afraid of the stink of love. You want to kill him in the name of all your lying little mor­alities. And you—you are immoral.”

Related Characters: Giovanni (speaker), Jacques, Hella, David
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 133
Explanation and Analysis:
Giovanni says this to David after David leaves him without warning for three days. By the time he returns, Giovanni has learned that David has chosen Hella over him, and when David tries to defend this decision, Giovanni accuses him of being a coward. Understanding that David doesn’t truly love Hella, Giovanni knows that the only reason David is leaving him is because he isn’t courageous enough to accept his own sexual orientation. Rather than coming to terms with his sexual preferences, Giovanni claims, David tricks himself into thinking that he’s “clean” and pure. For this reason, he fears committing Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur

Part 2: Chapter 4 Quotes

“I wasn’t sure about that letter.” I was thinking, Perhaps I can get out of it without having to tell her anything. “You were sort of—offhand—I couldn’t be sure whether you were glad or sorry to be throwing in with me.”

“Oh,” she said, “but we’ve always been offhand, it’s the only way I could have said it. I was afraid of embarrassing you—don’t you understand that?”

Related Characters: David (speaker), Hella (speaker), Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 117
Explanation and Analysis:
This conversation takes place between David and Hella shortly after Hella comes back to Paris. As they discuss their relationship, he asks whether or not she came to any conclusions about what she wants while she was traveling in Spain. In response, she asks if he read the letter she sent him, which made it rather clear that she wanted to come back to Paris, resume their relationship, and get married. The reader knows that David did read this letter, and that it caused him a great deal of anxiety. The fact that he pretends to not have understood its Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui

“You may laugh,” she said, humorously, “but there is something in what I say. I began to realize it in Spain— that I wasn’t free, that I couldn’t be free until I was attached—no, committed—to someone.”

[…]

“What do you want, Hella? What have you got now that makes such a difference?”

She laughed. “It isn’t what I’ve got. It isn’t even what I want. It’s that you’ve got me. So now I can be—your obedient and most loving servant.”

Related Characters: David (speaker), Hella (speaker), Giovanni
Page Number and Citation: 120
Explanation and Analysis:
In this conversation between Hella and David, Hella talks about the realization she had in Spain that women aren’t seen as complete individuals. Explaining what she means, she says that women aren’t “free” until they commit themselves to a man. This is because they exist in a patriarchal society that effectively views marrying a man and have children as a woman’s sole purpose. Without anything else to define them as independent people, then, women attach themselves to men, which is exactly what Hella is doing by marrying David. Now that she has decided to become David’s wife, she explains, she Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis

Part 2: Chapter 5 Quotes

“But I knew,” she said, “I knew. This is what makes me so ashamed. I knew it every time you looked at me. I knew it every time we went to bed. If only you had told me the truth then. Don’t you see how unjust it was to wait for me to find it out? To put all the burden on me? I had the right to expect to hear from you—women are always waiting for the man to speak. Or hadn’t you heard?”

Related Characters: Hella (speaker), Giovanni, David
Page Number and Citation: 154
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Hella tells David that she always suspected that he was attracted to men. She says this shortly after finding out that he’s been cheating on her with a sailor in Nice for the past three days. Packing her things, she openly regrets all the time she wasted by dating David. More importantly, she tries to get him to see how unfair it was for him to keep such a secret from her. Throughout the novel, David struggles with his emotions in an extremely internal way, rarely talking about them with anybody. This, however, doesn’t mean that his Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore i

The body in the mirror forces me to turn and face it. And I look at my body, which is under sentence of death. It is lean, hard, and cold, the incarnation of a mystery. And I do not know what moves in this body, what this body is searching. It is trapped in my mirror as it is trapped in time and it hurries toward revelation.

Related Characters: David (speaker), Giovanni
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 158
Explanation and Analysis:
In the concluding pages of Giovanni’s Room, David envisions Giovanni’s execution while getting dressed. As he does this, he catches a glimpse of himself in the mirror and eventually wills himself to face the image of his naked body. When he looks at himself, he has the sudden sense that his body is—like Giovanni’s—sentenced to death, an idea that indicates just how doomed he feels by the choices he’s made throughout the novel. Staring at himself, he thinks that there is something mysterious that exists inside his body, an idea that aligns with his inability to honestly assess his true Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. No