Definition of Foreshadowing
In Act 1, Scene 5, after the ghost of Hamlet’s father reveals the true cause of his death, he begins to advise Hamlet on how to go about seeking revenge. Some of his concerns are eerily similar to Hamlet’s eventual fate, and their presence this early on in the play seems to cement the severity of the subject matter. The King’s death connects violence to the heart of the play’s events from the first scene onward, but these mentions of madness and revenge, fate, and betrayal have the effect of foreshadowing the play’s conclusion and darkening the audience's expectations. The ghost insists that revenge is necessary, but warns:
howsoever thou pursues this act,
Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive
Against thy mother aught
In Act 3, Scene 2, most of the characters gather before the players put on their performance for the King and assembled crowd. It is a significant scene, a major contributor to the rising sense of tension, and as the characters mill about beforehand, their interactions give an indication of what is to come. Though the conversations appear casual, each character’s motivations drive them to engage with each other and ultimately have important repercussions. Hamlet and Polonius greet each other first, and Hamlet is purposefully inscrutable, confusing Polonius and Ophelia. Hamlet asks Polonius to confirm that he was an actor in his youth, and then he continues his line of questioning:
Unlock with LitCharts A+Hamlet: What did you enact?
Polonius: I did enact Julius Caesar. I was killed i’ th’ Capitol. Brutus killed me.