Hamnet
by Maggie O'Farrell
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Freedom, Restraint, and Genius Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Loss and Grief Theme Icon
Fate and Fortune Theme Icon
Freedom, Restraint, and Genius Theme Icon
The Power of Love  Theme Icon
Identity, Choice, and Sacrifice Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Hamnet, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Freedom, Restraint, and Genius Theme Icon
Freedom, Restraint, and Genius Theme Icon

Agnes and the tutor both grow up feeling trapped by social and familial expectations. The tutor’s father, John, controls his family through violence and threats. Agnes and Bartholomew’s stepmother, Joan, tries to beat her stepchildren into conformity with conventional expectations and hard labor. It’s not surprising, then, that when Agnes and the tutor meet, each sees in the other a kindred spirit. Their marriage allows them both to escape their limitations to varying degrees—though Agnes remains limited by her gender. And although the book details the costs their freedom entails—Agnes’s loneliness in her husband’s absence; the desperate desire of Susanna, Hamnet, and Judith for their father during his extended absences, his own hard choice between domestic happiness and artistic calling—it generally depicts them as worthy of the result. Through these sacrifices, Agnes and her husband give the world William Shakespeare, the greatest poet and playwright of his generation, if not of English literature as a whole.

Still, the book doesn’t criticize those who choose to live more constrained lives—at least not those who are well-suited for them. The novel suggests that the world needs women like Susanna, Mary, and Joan to choose lives of domestic industry, and men like Bartholomew and John to choose farming and glove-making. Rather, Hamnet proposes that its vision of wild freedom is worth the costs to those—like Agnes, her husband, and their daughter Judith—who won’t find fulfillment in a simple life. These three belong to what the tutor describes as another realm entirely from the world occupied by most people, and this knowledge gives them the strength to face the necessary sacrifices and, ultimately, to turn even their most painful losses into something timeless and enduring.

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Freedom, Restraint, and Genius ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Freedom, Restraint, and Genius appears in each chapter of Hamnet. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Freedom, Restraint, and Genius Quotes in Hamnet

Below you will find the important quotes in Hamnet related to the theme of Freedom, Restraint, and Genius.

Chapter 2  Quotes

As he stands at Hewlands’ window, the need to leave, to rebel, to escape is so great that it fills him to his very outer edge: he can eat nothing from the plate the farmer’s widow left for him, so crammed is he with the urge to leave, to get away, to move his feet and legs to some other place, as far away from here as he can manage.

[…] He is just about to turn and face his pupils when he sees, from the trees, a figure emerge.

For a moment, the tutor believes it to be a young man […who] moves out of the trees with a brand of masculine insouciance or entitlement, covering the ground with booted strides. There is some kind of bird on his outstretched fist […]. It sits hunched, subdued, its body swaying with the movement of its companion, its familiar.

Related Characters: William Shakespeare, Agnes, John, Thomas, James
Related Symbols: Birds
Page Number and Citation: 29
Explanation and Analysis:
In the 1580s, William Shakespeare—then just an 18-year-old Latin tutor to families in and around Stratford—stands at a window looking toward the wild woods and yearning for freedom. He chafes against the limited confines of a life defined by his father’s demands and deals. This feeling of discontent will dog him until he finally leaves to try his fortune in London, an event that still lies two years or more into his future at this point. Crucially, however, he glimpses his salvation through the window in the figure of Agnes. He envies the self-possession evident in the way she holds Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laborio

Chapter 4 Quotes

“It’s a kestrel, not a hawk,” he says, in a rush. “She trained it herself. A priest taught her. She has a gauntlet and the bird takes off, like an arrow, up through the trees. You have never seen anything like it. It is so different when it flies—it is almost, you might think, two creatures. One on the ground and another in the air. When she calls, it returns to her, circling in these great wheels in the sky, and it lands with such force upon the glove, such determination.”

Related Characters: William Shakespeare (speaker), Agnes, Eliza
Related Symbols: Birds
Page Number and Citation: 64
Explanation and Analysis:
One day not long after Shakespeare’s and Agnes’s romance begins, Shakespeare describes Agnes’s kestrel to his sister Eliza. To him, the bird represents freedom and possibility. His effusive language betrays his jealousy over its otherworldly nature. Thus, the bird can be interpreted to represent the two sides of Shakespeare’s nature: the tamed and hooded bird of the ground symbolizes his narrow and constrained life in Stratford, while the bird in flight represents the freedom he can find if he escapes his father’s clutches. But the way that the kestrel always returns to its mistress also recalls the way that he Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atq

When she had taken his hand that day, the first time she had met him, she had felt—what? Something of which she’d never known the like. Something she would never have expected to find in the hand of a clean-booted, grammar-school boy from town. It was far-reaching: this much she knew. It had layers and strata, like a landscape. There were spaces and vacancies, dense patches, underground caves, rises and descents. There wasn’t enough time for her to get a sense of it all—it was too big, too complex. It eluded her, mostly. She knew there was more of it than she could grasp, that it was bigger than both of them. A sense, too, that something was tethering him, holding him back; there was a tie somewhere, a bond, that needed to be loosened or broken, before he could fully inhabit this landscape, before he could take command.

Related Characters: Agnes, William Shakespeare
Page Number and Citation: 69
Explanation and Analysis:
Anges has a gift which allows her to divine the characters and futures of people she meets by squeezing the fleshy part of an individual’s hand between the thumb and the index finger. When she first meets Shakespeare, she tests his hand, and in this passage, she describes what she sees. At least, she describes it in a way. The hidden terrain she discovers gestures towards Shakespeare’s artistic genius, and her sense of his entrapment matches his own feeling of being trapped by his abusive father and his small, insignificant life in Stratford. It’s obvious from this passage why Agnes Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima p

Chapter 8 Quotes

She thinks […how] a glove covers and fits and restrains the hand. She thinks of the skins in the storeroom, pulled and stretched almost—but not quite—to the tearing or breaking point. She thinks of the tools in the workshop, for cutting and shaping, pinning and piercing. She thinks of what must be discarded and stolen from the animal in order to make it useful to the glove-maker: the heart, the bones, the soul, the spirit, the blood, the viscera. A glover will only ever want the skin, the surface, the outer layer. Everything else is useless, an inconvenience, an unnecessary mess. She thinks of the private cruelty behind something as beautiful and perfect as a glove. She thinks that if she took his hand […] she might see the landscape she saw before but […also a] dark and looming presence there, with tools to eviscerate and flay and thieve […]

Related Characters: Agnes, Edmond, William Shakespeare, John
Related Symbols: Gloves
Page Number and Citation: 121-122
Explanation and Analysis:
Soon after Agnes comes to live with the Shakespeare family, she witnesses an example of John’s explosive anger after Edmond, then just about two years old, misbehaves one night during dinner. Agnes flees with Edmond to the yard, where she ruminates on the gloves which hang in John’s workshop and the truths that those gloves suggest about him—and what those truths might mean for Agnes and her husband’s future, if they stay in his house. For Agnes, hands provide insight into a person’s character, which she can sense by pressing a hand just so. Gloves impose themselves between her and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos.

Chapter 10 Quotes

“Something about rain. And branches. But I couldn’t properly make it out.”

Bartholomew regards him for a second or two, turning these words over and over in his mind. Rain and branches. Branches. Rain. Then he lifts his crook and tucks it into his belt.

“Get up,” he says.

The husband is still speaking, more to himself than anyone else. “She was here this morning and then she wasn’t,” he is saying. “The Fates have intervened and swept her away from me, as if on a tide, and I have no idea how to find her, no idea where to look and—”

“I do.”

“—I shall not rest until I find her, until we are—” The husband stops short and raises his head. “You do?”

“Yes.”

“How?” he demands. “How can you know her mind so quickly and yet I, who am married to her, cannot begin—”

Related Characters: William Shakespeare (speaker), Bartholomew (speaker), Agnes, Susanna
Page Number and Citation: 138
Explanation and Analysis:
When Agnes slips out of the house and heads to the forest to give birth—alone—to her daughter Susanna, she causes a great deal of alarm in the Shakespeare family. Only after Shakespeare belatedly notices her absence and desperately searches the town does he make his way to Hewlands farm, where this passage picks up his conversation with Bartholomew. Shakespeare cannot understand the message Agnes left him, which she in turn received from her mother in a dream. In contrast, Bartholomew grasps it almost instantly, pointing to the nearly supernatural power which the book gives to the bonds of love between Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Delen

Chapter 14 Quotes

And now the moment has arrived. Agnes conjugates it: he is going, he will be gone, he will go. She has put these circumstances together; she has set it all in motion, as if she were the puppeteer, hidden behind a screen, gently pulling on the strings of her wooden people, easing and guiding them on where to go. She asked Bartholomew to speak to John, then waited for John to speak to her husband. None of this would have happened if she hadn’t got Bartholomew to plant the idea in John’s head. She has created this moment—no one else—and yet, now it is happening, she finds that it is entirely at odds with what she desires.

Related Characters: William Shakespeare, Bartholomew , John, Agnes
Page Number and Citation: 175-176
Explanation and Analysis:
As Agnes prepares to see her husband on his way to London, where she hopes he will find the freedom and space necessary to reach his full potential, she nevertheless must grapple with the pain of being separated from him. But at this moment of separation, the book nevertheless emphasizes the close emotional bond between the two in ways that comfortingly suggest that the physical distance will not destroy their love—although it will undoubtedly alter it. When this passage says that Agnes “conjugates” the loss, it refers to a practice from the study of Latin in which a student lists Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusant

Chapter 16 Quotes

So much to mull over in this letter. It has taken Agnes days to absorb all the detail; she has run the words over and over inside her head, she has traced them with a finger, and now she has them down to memory. Jewels and beads. Scenes in court. The hands of young stage boys. And soft gloves for ladies. There is something in the way he has written all this, in such lingering detail, in the long passage about these gloves for the players that alerts Agnes to something. She is not yet sure what. Some kind of change in him, some alteration or turning. Never has he written so much about so little: a glove contract. It is just a contract, like many others, so why, then, does she feel like a small animal, hearing something far off?

Related Characters: Agnes, William Shakespeare, John
Related Symbols: Gloves
Page Number and Citation: 188
Explanation and Analysis:
Within months of arriving in London, Shakespeare’s letters home change tenor abruptly. In this passage, Agnes mulls over one that arrives just days before Hamnet and Judith are born. In it, readers can see hints that Shakespeare is finding his right path (since they know what Anges does not, that he will find his place and reach his potential in the theater). This hints that Agnes’s plan and the personal sacrifice it entailed are paying off. Yet, her loneliness soaks through this passage, in the image of her tracing and retracing the letters on the page, the way she reads Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque

Chapter 18 Quotes

He will never come again. There is a part of her that would like to wind up time, to gather it in, like yarn. She would like to spin the wheel backwards, unmake the skein of Hament’s death, his boyhood, his infancy, his birth, right back until the moment she and her husband cleaved together in that bed to create the twins. She would like to unspool it all, render it all back down to raw fleece, to find her way back, to that moment, and she would stand up, she would turn her face to the stars, to the heavens, to the moon, and appeal to them to change what lay in wait for him, to plead with them to devise a different outcome for him, please, please. She would do anything for this, give anything, yield up whatever the heavens wanted.

Related Characters: William Shakespeare, Hamnet, Agnes, Mary, Judith
Page Number and Citation: 241
Explanation and Analysis:
As her husband comes to bid her goodbye and leave for London, something Agnes sees as running away from his grief over Hamnet’s death, Agnes wishes desperately to undo the events that have led to this moment. This points, on one level, to the depth of her grief and suffering, which she experiences as intense enough to literally remake the world around her, to throw it off what she believes to be its rightful course. In this same way, she wishes to remake the world to match her vision for it. Of course, it is impossible to return to the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi soluta perspiciatis. Ut minima autem. Modi omnis iure. Sint q

To him, it is the best place to be, before a performance: the stage below him, the audience filling the circular hollow in a steady trickle, and the other players behind him, transforming themselves into sprites or princes or soldiers or ladies or monsters. It is the only place to be alone in such a crowd. He feels like a bird, above the ground, resting on nothing but air. He is not of this place but above it, apart from it, observing it. It brings to mind, for him, the wind-hovering kestrel his wife used to keep, and the way it would hold itself in the high currents, far above the tree tops, wings outstretched, looking down on all around it.

Related Characters: William Shakespeare, Agnes
Related Symbols: Birds
Page Number and Citation: 294-295
Explanation and Analysis:
As Agnes makes her way to the theater, intent on finding out what the play named after her dead son means, her husband stands in the wings watching the audience file in and listening to the bustle of the other players donning their costumes. Readers should remember that since Agnes contrived to send him to London, she has had nothing other than short glimpses of his life there through letters and during his infrequent visits home. This passage shows with certainty, for the very first time, that she was right to send him to London to chase his dreams, and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas.