Definition of Tone
With several important exceptions, the tone of Heart of Darkness is generally cynical and mournful. Conrad’s word choice consistently highlights the darkness, both literal and metaphorical, that the seaman Marlow encounters in the Congo. And Marlow tells his story with a kind of morbid fascination: since he is describing a journey he took years before, he knows how the story ends, but his listeners (and readers) do not. He uses a consistently gloomy, cynical tone to foreshadow where his story is headed—toward a close-up encounter with evil—without giving away the plot. Thus, Marlow’s gloom and melancholy create a sense of mystery at first, and then readers gradually unravel this mystery as Marlow describes his increasingly horrific experiences in the Congo. In this sense, while most fiction writers use tone in the service of plot, Conrad uses plot in the service of tone instead.
With several important exceptions, the tone of Heart of Darkness is generally cynical and mournful. Conrad’s word choice consistently highlights the darkness, both literal and metaphorical, that the seaman Marlow encounters in the Congo. And Marlow tells his story with a kind of morbid fascination: since he is describing a journey he took years before, he knows how the story ends, but his listeners (and readers) do not. He uses a consistently gloomy, cynical tone to foreshadow where his story is headed—toward a close-up encounter with evil—without giving away the plot. Thus, Marlow’s gloom and melancholy create a sense of mystery at first, and then readers gradually unravel this mystery as Marlow describes his increasingly horrific experiences in the Congo. In this sense, while most fiction writers use tone in the service of plot, Conrad uses plot in the service of tone instead.
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