Henry VI Part 1

by William Shakespeare

King Henry VI Character Analysis

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King Henry VI is the son of King Henry V and is the ruler of England during the final battles of the Hundred Years’ War with France; he is also the cousin of the Dauphin Charles, the ruler of the French opposition. When the play begins, Henry is inexperienced and insecure, meaning that many of his family members—including his uncles Bedford and Gloucester and his great-uncles Exeter and Winchester—fight amongst themselves to influence the young king. But even as Henry VI grows up over the course of the play, he remains impressionable, agreeing to make peace with France just because Winchester suggests it, or consenting to marry Margaret of Anjou simply because Suffolk describes her “gorgeous beauty.” Indeed, though Henry is the king who lends the play its name, he is often backgrounded by his own noblemen, suggesting how much a country can fracture in the absence of a strong ruler. Yet even if Henry VI has not inherited his father’s “wrathful fire,” the young king is insightful enough to know that his courtiers’ squabbling can only spell trouble, as when he frets that “civil dissension is a worm / that gnaws the bowels of the commonwealth.” As can be seen in Henry VI Part 2 and Part 3, Henry would eventually lose almost all of England’s territory in France, illustrating Exeter’s prediction that Henry V should “win all” and Henry VI should “lose all.”

King Henry VI Quotes in Henry VI Part 1

The Henry VI Part 1 quotes below are all either spoken by King Henry VI or refer to King Henry VI . For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
).

Act 3, Scene 1 Quotes

KING HENRY VI: Uncles of Gloucester and of Winchester,
The special watchmen of our English weal,
I would prevail, if prayers might prevail,
To join your hearts in love and amity.
O, what a scandal is it to our crown,
That two such noble peers as ye should jar!
Believe me, lords, my tender years can tell
Civil dissension is a viperous worm
That gnaws the bowels of the commonwealth.

Related Characters: King Henry VI (speaker), Duke of Gloucester, Bishop of Winchester, Henry V
Related Symbols: The Body and the Body Politic
Page Number and Citation: 3.1.68-76
Explanation and Analysis:

EXETER: Ay, we may march in England or in France,
Not seeing what is likely to ensue.
This late dissension grown betwixt the peers
Burns under feigned ashes of forged love
And will at last break out into a flame:
As fester’d members rot but by degree,
Till bones and flesh and sinews fall away,
So will this base and envious discord breed.
And now I fear that fatal prophecy
Which in the time of Henry named the Fifth
Was in the mouth of every sucking babe;
That Henry born at Monmouth should win all
And Henry born at Windsor lose all:
Which is so plain that Exeter doth wish
His days may finish ere that hapless time.

Related Characters: Duke of Exeter (speaker), King Henry VI , Duke of Gloucester, Bishop of Winchester, Henry V
Related Symbols: The Body and the Body Politic
Page Number and Citation: 3.1.195-209
Explanation and Analysis:

Act 3, Scene 3 Quotes

JOAN LA PUCELLE: Look on thy country, look on fertile France,
And see the cities and the towns defaced
By wasting ruin of the cruel foe.
As looks the mother on her lowly babe
When death doth close his tender dying eyes,
See, see the pining malady of France;
Behold the wounds, the most unnatural wounds,
Which thou thyself hast given her woeful breast.
O, turn thy edged sword another way;
Strike those that hurt, and hurt not those that help.
One drop of blood drawn from thy country’s bosom
Should grieve thee more than streams of foreign gore:
Return thee therefore with a flood of tears,
And wash away thy country’s stained spots.

BURGUNDY: Either she hath bewitch’d me with her words,
Or nature makes me suddenly relent.

[…] I am vanquished; these haughty words of hers
Have batter’d me like roaring cannon-shot,
And made me almost yield upon my knees.

Related Characters: Joan la Pucelle (speaker), Duke of Burgundy (speaker), Lord Talbot, King Henry VI , Dauphin Charles
Page Number and Citation: 3.3.48-84
Explanation and Analysis:

Act 4, Scene 1 Quotes

TALBOT: When first this order was ordain’d, my lords,
Knights of the garter were of noble birth,
Valiant and virtuous, full of haughty courage,
Such as were grown to credit by the wars;
Not fearing death, nor shrinking for distress,
But always resolute in most extremes.
He then that is not furnish’d in this sort
Doth but usurp the sacred name of knight,
Profaning this most honourable order,
And should, if I were worthy to be judge,
Be quite degraded, like a hedge-born swain
That doth presume to boast of gentle blood.

KING HENRY VI: Stain to thy countrymen, thou hear’st thy doom!
Be packing, therefore, thou that wast a knight:
Henceforth we banish thee, on pain of death.

Related Characters: Lord Talbot (speaker), King Henry VI (speaker), Sir John Fastolf, Duke of Burgundy
Page Number and Citation: 4.1.34-49
Explanation and Analysis:

KING HENRY VI: Good Lord, what madness rules in brainsick men,
When for so slight and frivolous a cause
Such factious emulations shall arise!
Good cousins both, of York and Somerset,
Quiet yourselves, I pray, and be at peace.

[…] And you, my lords, remember where we are,
In France, amongst a fickle wavering nation:
If they perceive dissension in our looks
And that within ourselves we disagree,
How will their grudging stomachs be provoked
To wilful disobedience, and rebel!
[…] I see no reason, if I wear this rose,

Putting on a red rose

That any one should therefore be suspicious
I more incline to Somerset than York:
Both are my kinsmen, and I love them both:
[…] Go cheerfully together and digest
Your angry choler on your enemies.

Related Characters: King Henry VI (speaker), Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, Lord Talbot, Duke of Somerset
Related Symbols: White Roses vs. Red Roses
Page Number and Citation: 4.1.116-173
Explanation and Analysis:

EXETER: Well didst thou, Richard, to suppress thy voice;
For, had the passions of thy heart burst out,
I fear we should have seen decipher’d there
More rancorous spite, more furious raging broils,
Than yet can be imagined or supposed.
But howsoe’er, no simple man that sees
This jarring discord of nobility,
This shouldering of each other in the court,
This factious bandying of their favourites,
But that it doth presage some ill event.
‘Tis much when sceptres are in children’s hands;
But more when envy breeds unkind division;
There comes the rain, there begins confusion.

Related Characters: Duke of Exeter (speaker), King Henry VI , Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer
Related Symbols: White Roses vs. Red Roses
Page Number and Citation: 4.1.188-200
Explanation and Analysis:

Act 4, Scene 3 Quotes

YORK: Away! vexation almost stops my breath,
That sunder’d friends greet in the hour of death.
Lucy, farewell; no more my fortune can,
But curse the cause I cannot aid the man.
Maine, Blois, Poictiers, and Tours, are won away,
‘Long all of Somerset and his delay.

Exit, with his soldiers

LUCY: Thus, while the vulture of sedition
Feeds in the bosom of such great commanders,
Sleeping neglection doth betray to loss
The conquest of our scarce cold conqueror,
That ever living man of memory,
Henry the Fifth: whiles they each other cross,
Lives, honours, lands and all hurry to loss.

Related Characters: Sir William Lucy (speaker), Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York (speaker), John Talbot, Duke of Somerset, Lord Talbot, King Henry VI , Henry V, Sir John Fastolf
Related Symbols: The Body and the Body Politic
Page Number and Citation: 4.3.42-55
Explanation and Analysis:

Act 5, Scene 4 Quotes

YORK: Is all our travail turn’d to this effect?
After the slaughter of so many peers,
So many captains, gentlemen and soldiers,
That in this quarrel have been overthrown
And sold their bodies for their country benefit,
Shall we at last conclude effeminate peace?
Have we not lost most part of all the towns,
By treason, falsehood and by treachery,
Our great progenitors had conquered?
O Warwick, Warwick! I foresee with grief
The utter loss of all the realm of France.

Related Characters: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York (speaker), Earl of Warwick, King Henry VI
Page Number and Citation: 5.4.104-114
Explanation and Analysis:

Act 5, Scene 5 Quotes

KING HENRY VI: Whether it be through force of your report,
[…] or for that
My tender youth was never yet attaint
With any passion of inflaming love,
I cannot tell; but this I am assured,
I feel such sharp dissension in my breast,
Such fierce alarums both of hope and fear,
As I am sick with working of my thoughts.
Take, therefore, shipping; post, my lord, to France;
Agree to any covenants, and procure
That Lady Margaret do vouchsafe to come
To cross the seas to England and be crown’d
King Henry’s faithful and anointed queen:
[…]
Be gone, I say; for, till you do return,
I rest perplexed with a thousand cares.

Related Characters: King Henry VI (speaker), William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, Reignier, Duke of Anjou, Duke of Exeter, Margaret, Duke of Gloucester
Page Number and Citation: 5.5.79-95
Explanation and Analysis:
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King Henry VI Character Timeline in Henry VI Part 1

The timeline below shows where the character King Henry VI appears in Henry VI Part 1. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Act 1, Scene 1
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Religion, Power, and Manipulation Theme Icon
King Henry V of England has just died, and the former king’s closest courtiers are now leading... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Gender and Politics Theme Icon
Religion, Power, and Manipulation Theme Icon
The Bishop of Winchester, another of Henry V’s uncles, opines that the late king was so successful because people in the Church... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Exeter reminds the gathered courtiers that before Henry V died, he made them promise to either destroy the Dauphin or bring him into... (full context)
Act 1, Scene 3
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Religion, Power, and Manipulation Theme Icon
Back in England, Gloucester arrives at the Tower of London, wanting to see young Henry VI. But to his great annoyance, the Tower guards will not let him in, even... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Religion, Power, and Manipulation Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
...of being a “proditor” (traitor) to England, while Gloucester cries that Winchester tried to have Henry V killed as a baby, accusing the bishop of being a “scarlet hypocrite” (abusing his... (full context)
Act 2, Scene 5
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
Edmund Mortimer, Plantagenet’s uncle, has been in prison for years, since the time of Henry IV (Henry V’s father). Mortimer is now on the verge of death, so weak he... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
When Henry IV learned of the plan to install Mortimer as king, he had Mortimer jailed. Years... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Gender and Politics Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
...to be “wary” of the courtiers and “politic” in his dealings with the new king, Henry VI. With his dying breath, Mortimer tells Plantagenet not to mourn his death, but to... (full context)
Act 3, Scene 1
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Back at Henry VI’s palace, Winchester and Gloucester are again at odds. Gloucester has prepared a written list... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Finally, Henry VI intervenes, ordering Gloucester and Winchester to put a stop to this squabbling. But just... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Courage vs. Cowardice Theme Icon
...so great that they must defend him until Winchester yields. Seeing how panicked his nephew Henry VI is at this fight between his courtiers, Gloucester decides to “stoop” to Winchester, offering... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
...an aside, Winchester reveals that he does not actually intend to make peace with Gloucester. Henry VI celebrates that the quarreling will cease, and the various fighting servants exit, going to... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
...gears, using this moment to advocate on behalf of Plantagenet. After the two men present Henry VI with a list of reasons why the king should “let Richard be restored to... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
Henry VI leaves: it is time for him to travel to France, where he will be... (full context)
Act 3, Scene 2
Gender and Politics Theme Icon
Courage vs. Cowardice Theme Icon
...rest of the French courtiers depart. Now shut out of the city, Talbot fumes, recalling Henry V’s conquest of Roan and vowing that he will retake this territory or die trying.... (full context)
Courage vs. Cowardice Theme Icon
Religion, Power, and Manipulation Theme Icon
...take all of the credit. Talbot and Burgundy agree they will go to Paris, where Henry VI is about to be formally crowned king. Before they leave, however, Talbot pays tribute... (full context)
Act 3, Scene 3
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Gender and Politics Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
...he has given “unnatural wounds” to France’s “woeful breast.” Moreover, Pucelle warns Burgundy that if Henry VI is made king of France, he may have Burgundy exiled, since Henry VI seems... (full context)
Act 3, Scene 4
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Religion, Power, and Manipulation Theme Icon
All the English courtiers now gather in Paris for King Henry VI’s coronation. York, Warwick, and Vernon are all wearing white roses; Somerset, Suffolk and a... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
...barbs quickly turn physical when Vernon strikes Basset. Basset vows that he will go to Henry VI and ask the king to punish Vernon for this attack. (full context)
Act 4, Scene 1
Impulse and History Theme Icon
It is finally time for Henry VI to be crowned. Talbot, Exeter, York, Warwick, Suffolk, and Somerset are all there to... (full context)
Courage vs. Cowardice Theme Icon
...knights should be “valiant and virtuous, […] not fearing death nor shrinking for distress.” King Henry VI agrees that Fastolf’s behavior is shameful, and he decides to banish Fastolf on pain... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Religion, Power, and Manipulation Theme Icon
...Charles, whom he calls “the rightful king of France.” After the shock sets in, King Henry asks Talbot to gather troops and pursue Burgundy (“give him chastisement”). Talbot readily agrees, heading... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Vernon and Basset enter, each hoping that Henry will side with him against the other man. When Henry asks them to explain their... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
Henry waves this away, worrying that Englishmen must be “mad” if they can start a fight... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
To prove his point that the colors of the roses do not matter, Henry VI randomly picks a red rose and puts it on, saying this rose does not... (full context)
Act 5, Scene 1
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Religion, Power, and Manipulation Theme Icon
At Henry VI’s court in Paris, Henry is reading letters from the Pope, the Holy Roman Emperor,... (full context)
Religion, Power, and Manipulation Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
Winchester enters, now dressed in cardinal’s robes; in an aside, Exeter recalls Henry V’s warning that if Winchester were ever made a cardinal, he would make “his cap... (full context)
Act 5, Scene 3
Impulse and History Theme Icon
...cannot have Margaret for himself, he will woo her as a bride for his king, Henry VI(full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
...Margaret prisoner—but that he will release her, if Reignier agrees to have his daughter marry Henry VI. Reignier assents, on one condition: if Margaret marries Henry VI, then Henry must stop... (full context)
Impulse and History Theme Icon
...her future husband. But after Margaret emphasizes her virginity and servitude in her message to Henry, she steals a kiss with Suffolk, saying the kiss is meant only for the duke,... (full context)
Act 5, Scene 4
Gender and Politics Theme Icon
Winchester enters, still dressed as a cardinal, and tells York that Henry has agreed to negotiate peace with France. York is angry that after all of this... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
Charles and his courtiers enter, ready to negotiate peace with Winchester. Winchester offers Henry VI’s terms: Charles will swear loyalty to Henry, paying tribute to the king. In exchange... (full context)
Act 5, Scene 5
Impulse and History Theme Icon
Having wasted no time in telling Henry of Margaret’s beauty, Suffolk now convinces the king that he should take Margaret (and not... (full context)
Individualism vs. Nationalism Theme Icon
Impulse and History Theme Icon
After Henry leaves, Gloucester predicts that Henry VI will eventually come to regret his decision. Then Gloucester... (full context)