House Made of Dawn
by N. Scott Momaday
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Prologue Quotes

Dypaloh. There was a house made of dawn. It was made of pollen and of rain, and the land was very old and everlasting. There were many colors on the hills, and the plain was bright with different-colored clays and sands. Red and blue and spotted horses grazed in the plain, and there was a dark wilderness on the mountains beyond. The land was still and strong. It was beautiful all around.

Abel was running.

Related Characters: Abel
Related Symbols: Running and Races
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 1
Explanation and Analysis:
The novel opens with the word “dypaloh,” the Jemez equivalent to the English phrase “once upon a time”––in other words, a word that introduces a story. The story acknowledges that it is a story, but that does not mean it does not contain truth, or that it is unimportant. This opening also pays close attention to the landscape, and in fact introduces the features of the natural world before introducing the protagonist. Abel, the main character, is introduced in the context of the Southwestern landscape, establishing the importance of nature and of Abel’s personal relationship to the natural world. The Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debit

2. The Longhair, July 21 Quotes

[Abel’s] father was a Navajo, they said, or a Sia, or an Isleta, an outsider anyway, which made him and his mother and Vidal somehow foreign and strange. Francisco was the man of the family, but even […] the boy could sense his grandfather’s age, just as he knew that his mother was going to die of her illness. It was nothing he was told, but he knew it anyway and without understanding, as he knew already the motion of the sun and the seasons.

Related Characters: Vidal , Abel, Francisco
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 11
Explanation and Analysis:
Abel’s sense of isolation begins at a young age, as he feels alienated among his own people due to his father’s identity as an outsider. Though later chapters demonstrate that the Jemez people of Walatowa live in harmony with surrounding Indigenous tribes and nations, those other peoples are still outsiders. Abel’s father is one such outsider, and that alien status extends to his family, which establishes why Abel struggles to form meaningful connections even before he leaves Walatowa. Although Abel is the protagonist, the novel does not often explicitly relate Abel’s interior monologue to readers, and so this explanation of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ip

Then, through the falling leaves, he saw the machine. It rose up behind the hill, black and massive, looming there in front of the sun. He saw it swell, deepen, and take shape on the skyline, as if it were some upheaval of the earth […]. For a moment it seemed apart from the land; its great iron hull lay out against the timber and the sky, and the center of its weight hung away from the ridge. Then it came crashing down […].

Related Characters: Abel
Page Number and Citation: 22
Explanation and Analysis:
Abel leaves Walatowa for the first time to fight in World War II. In one flashback to his time in combat, he regains consciousness on a wooded hill littered with corpses, and he sees a tank coming over the horizon. The narration only ever refers to this tank as “the machine,” highlighting its status as an unnatural, manmade creation that Abel cannot even name. Despite this, Abel’s first glimpse of the tank portrays it as not entirely inorganic, but instead an aberration of something natural––“an upheaval of the earth” that moves on its own. As it comes closer, however, Abel Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consec

He made his way along the incline at the edge of the cultivated fields to the long row of foothills at the base of the red mesa. When the first breeze of the evening rose up in the shadow that fell across the hills, he sat down and looked out over the green and yellow blocks of farmland. He could see his grandfather, others, working below in the sunlit fields. The breeze was very faint, and it bore the scent of earth and grain; and for a moment everything was all right with him. He was at home.

Related Characters: Francisco, Abel
Page Number and Citation: 27
Explanation and Analysis:
Abel has spent most of this chapter reflecting on his past in Walatowa and on his time fighting in World War II. After coming to terms with this part of his life, he is able to appreciate his home. What Abel pays attention to as he looks out over Walatowa speaks to what he values about the village. He takes in the beauty of the land, which emphasizes once again the significance of his connection to the natural landscape of his homeland. He also finds peace watching other people work with the land, which highlights Abel’s appreciation for the community Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui au

3. The Longhair, July 24 Quotes

She could think of nothing more vile and obscene than the raw flesh and blood of her body, the raveled veins and the gore upon her bones. And now the monstrous fetal form, the blue, blind, great-headed thing growing within her and feeding upon her. […] And at odd moments she wished with all her heart to die by fire, fire of such intense heat that her body should dissolve in it all at once. There must be no popping of fat or any burning on of the bones. Above all she must give off no stench of death.

Related Characters: Angela St. John, Abel
Page Number and Citation: 31
Explanation and Analysis:
Angela is first introduced as a somewhat out-of-touch white woman imposing on Walatowa, but this glimpse into her mind reveals the hidden depths to her character. Unlike Abel and most of the novel’s other Native American characters, Angela feels no innate connection to the natural world, including her own body. The novel largely communicates the significance of the physical world by depicting characters in harmony with it, but Angela is disgusted with the body that grounds her in that physical reality. The fact Angela’s self-loathing manifests as a disgust for her own body highlights the importance of the physical and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mo

4. The Longhair, July 25 Quotes

[Francisco] is evil & desires to do me some injury & this after I befriended him all his life. […] He is one of them & goes often in the kiva & puts on their horns & hides & does worship that Serpent which even is the One our most ancient enemy. Yet he is unashamed to make one of my sacristans & brother I am most fearful to forbid it. […] Why am I betrayed who cannot desire to betray?

Related Characters: Fray Nicolás (speaker), Francisco
Page Number and Citation: 46
Explanation and Analysis:
Fray Nicolás, the Catholic priest of Walatowa, confesses in a letter to his brother a feeling of personal betrayal after discovering a young Francisco is practicing both Catholicism and his peoples’ traditional religion. In his journal entries prior to this letter, Nicolás has been dismissive of the Jemez religion, but his mental state has deteriorated, and he now reveals his zealous hatred for Indigenous religions, which he believes to be devil-worship. Nicolás’s absolute intolerance for the Jemez religion contrasts with Francisco’s ability to believe “unashamed[ly]” in tenets of both Catholicism and the Jemez religion; this contrast emphasizes the stubborn arrogance Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis cons

[…] there was no longer a white house of stucco and stone, looming out against the leaves of the orchard, but a black organic mass the night had heaved up, even as long ago the canyon had been wrenched out of time […]. It was no longer the chance place of her visitation, but now the dominion of her next day and the day after, as far ahead as she cared to see. […] In fact it was secret like herself, the Benevides house.

Related Characters: Angela St. John, Abel
Page Number and Citation: 48-49
Explanation and Analysis:
After Angela attends festivities for the feast of Santiago in Walatowa, she returns home to the Benevides house and finds her perception of it has changed. It is no longer just a house, but a feature of the landscape, something as integral to terrain as the canyon. The description of the house mirrors the description of the tank Abel saw in the war; like the tank, the Benevides house becomes a “black […] mass” “looming out” from the trees. While the tank was a “machine,” however, the house is “organic.” The tank represented Abel’s unfamiliarity with manmade, colonialist technology, which Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusa

5. The Longhair, July 28 Quotes

These [animals]––and the innumerable meaner creatures, the lizard and the frog, the insect and the worm––have tenure in the land. The other, latecoming things––the beasts of burden and of trade, the horse and the sheep, the dog and the cat––these have an alien and inferior aspect, a poverty of vision and instinct, by which they are estranged from the wild land, and made tentative. They are born and die upon the land, but then they are gone away from it, as if they had never been. […] [M]an too, has tenure in the land; he dwelt upon the land twenty-five thousand years ago, and his gods before him.

Page Number and Citation: 52
Explanation and Analysis:
The novel’s narration consistently pays close attention to nature, but this passage specifically uses nature to discuss the strength and significance of indigeneity. Animals native to their habitat, regardless of their position in the ecosystem, are better suited to live in that habitat than foreign and invasive species, per the novel. These native animals have adapted over thousands of years to suit the environment, while the “other, latecoming things” adapted to foreign lands. These animals brought to America by colonizers lack the connection to and understanding of the land that native animals innately possess. As such, the land does not Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore

The people of the town have little need. They do not hanker after progress and have never changed their essential way of life. Their invaders were a long time in conquering them; and now, after four centuries of Christianity, they still pray in Tanoan to the old deities of the earth and sky and make their living from the things that are and have always been within their reach; while in the discrimination of pride they acquire from their conquerors only the luxury of example. They have assumed the names and gestures of their enemies, but have held onto their own, secret souls; and in this there is a resistance and an overcoming, a long outwaiting.

Page Number and Citation: 52-53
Explanation and Analysis:
In this overview of the people of Walatowa, the omniscient narrator explains how holding onto tradition is a form of resistance. “Progress” is positioned as a colonialist pursuit that disrespects and devalues the Jemez people’s “essential way of life.” This perspective reframes a common racist, colonialist narrative that demeans Native Americans for being supposedly backwards or primitive. It asserts instead that the “progress”—of which European colonizers and their descendants are so proud—is not inherently good or valuable; in fact, holding to tradition instead of chasing progress is what makes Indigenous nations strong. This passage acknowledges the violent imposition of colonial Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et.

6. The Longhair, August 1 Quotes

It made him glad to be in the midst of talk and celebration, to savor the rich relief of the coming rain upon the rows of beans and chilies and corn, to see the return of weather, of trade and reunion upon the town. He tossed his head in greeting to the shy Navajo children who hid among the camps and peered, afraid of his age and affliction. For they, too, were a harvest, in some intractable sense the regeneration of his own bone and blood.

Related Characters: Francisco
Page Number and Citation: 68
Explanation and Analysis:
People from the pueblos surrounding Walatowa have come to the village to celebrate the Feast of Porcingula, and Francisco appreciates the festivities he walks through. The festival is a time for various towns and peoples to come together and celebrate their shared beliefs and heritage, and also to renew their commitment to friendship and unity. The Feast of Porcingula is a designated time for “trade and reunion.” Francisco appreciates both the human and the environmental elements of the festival, highlighting the importance he grants to both his community and the land. Francisco’s belief that the children at the festival are Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accus

And then they were ready, the two of them. They went out into the darkness and the rain. […] When they were midway between the river and the road, they stopped. […] All around was silence, save for the sound of the rain and the moan of the wind in the wires. Abel waited. The white man raised his arms, as if to embrace him, and came forward. But Abel had already taken hold of the knife, and he drew it. He leaned inside the white man’s arms and drove the blade up under the bones of the breast and across. […] [The white man] closed his hands upon Abel and drew him close.

Related Characters: Abel, Juan Reyes Fragua/The Albino Man
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 73
Explanation and Analysis:
After the Festival of Porcingula, Abel and the albino man drink together at a bar and then walk into the night—and Abel then murders the albino man. The murder is narrated entirely externally, describing only the actions of the characters with no explicit insight into their thoughts or feelings. The clearest look at the characters’ motivation is the simple line, “And then they were ready.” This line suggests that Abel intends to kill the albino man before they leave the bar, and that the albino man, in some way, is prepared for that. The narration never allows the reader insight Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corpo

8. The Priest of the Sun, January 26 Quotes

“And in his hurry he said too much. ‘In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.’ It was the Truth, all right, but it was more than the Truth. The Truth was overgrown with fat, and the fat was God. The fat was John’s God, and God stood between John and the Truth. […] He had said all there was to say, everything, but he went on. ‘In the beginning was the word….’ Brothers and sisters, that was the Truth […]

[O]ld John was a white man, and the white man has his ways. […] He talks about the Word. He talks through it and around it. […] And in all of this he subtracts the Truth.’”

Related Characters: Reverend John Big Buff Tosamah (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 82-83
Explanation and Analysis:
In his sermon to the congregants of the Holiness Pan-Indian Rescue, Tosamah discusses the spiritual significance of Truth. He believes that language is the key to expressing Truth, but overusing language cheapens it and dilutes its connection to Truth. Tosamah insists that the Biblical John struck at the heart of Truth when he wrote “In the beginning was the word,” but then John continued to write after that, weakening his message. This, Tosamah argues, is the flaw of white culture and religion. White people talk “through” and “around” the Word that leads to Truth, unlike Native Americans, who honor the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. M

When he had told his story once, simply, Abel refused to speak. […] That was good, for he should not have known what more to say. Word by word by word these men were disposing of him in language, their language, and they were making a bad job of it.

Related Characters: Abel, Father Olguin, Juan Reyes Fragua/The Albino Man, Reverend John Big Buff Tosamah
Page Number and Citation: 90
Explanation and Analysis:
When Abel is put on trial for killing the albino man, he finds himself unable and unwilling to navigate the court system. He views the murder he committed as a reasonable, justified act, but he can’t express that to the court. The values that prompted him to violence are Jemez values, while the court operates in English as an agent of colonialist bureaucracy. Abel’s belief that he only needs to tell his story once, “simply”, also echoes Tosamah’s sermon on the differing approaches to storytelling and language taken by white and Native American people. Abel uses words “simply” and straightforwardly Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum volu

“No test is completely valid,” she said. “Some are more valid than others.”

But Milly believed in tests, questions and answers, words on paper. She was a lot like Ben. She believed in Honor, Industry, the Second Chance, the Brotherhood of Man, the American Dream, and him––Abel; she believed in him. After a while he began to suspect as much […].

Related Characters: Milly (speaker), Abel, Ben Benally
Page Number and Citation: 94
Explanation and Analysis:
Milly is Abel’s social worker who seeks to help him assimilate to white urban society after his release from prison. She tries to assess his mental state with a series of tests, and when Abel responds poorly to the tests, she reassures him that “no test is completely valid.” This explanation reveals that despite Milly’s limited understanding of Abel, who is generally opposed to bureaucracy in all forms, she is determined to find a way to relate to him. She tries to meet Abel at his level, but she doesn’t understand where he is coming from or why he is Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa.

She had been in Los Angeles four years, and in all that time she had not talked to anyone. There were people all around; she knew them, worked with them––sometimes they would not leave her alone––but she did not talk to them, tell them anything that mattered in the least. […]

And then one day he was there by her door, waiting for her. It was a hot, humid afternoon and the streets were full of people when she walked home. And he was waiting for her. […] He was saying something, trying to tell her why he had come, and suddenly she realized how lonely they both were, how unspeakably lonely.

Related Characters: Milly, Abel
Page Number and Citation: 107
Explanation and Analysis:
The novel plays with various ways of storytelling throughout the narrative, and after Milly’s introduction the story briefly switches into her perspective. Like Abel, Milly struggles with loneliness and with feeling alienated from her peers. Though she is surrounded by people in Los Angeles, she does not feel a meaningful connection with any of them. This sense of disconnect mirrors Abel’s feelings about the city, but unlike Abel, Milly has no community she can return to if she leaves Los Angeles, suggesting that colonialist America’s lack of tradition and community leaves white people without reprieve from the systems of isolation Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum vo

10. The Night Chanter, February 20 Quotes

We went up there on the hill, him and me, with Tosamah and Cruz. There were a lot of Indians up there, and we really got going after a while. […] Somebody built a fire, and we heated the drums until they were good and you could really hear them. Mercedes Tenorio had some turtle shells and she started doing a stomp dance.

You can forget about everything up there. […] We could see one whole side of the city, all the way to the water, but we couldn’t hear anything down there. All we could hear was the drums and the singing.

Related Characters: Ben Benally (speaker), Abel, Reverend John Big Buff Tosamah, Cruz
Page Number and Citation: 127-128
Explanation and Analysis:
To celebrate Abel’s last night in Los Angeles, Ben, Tosamah, and Cruz bring him to a party outside the city. As the novel continues to explore different modes of storytelling, this chapter is told entirely from Ben Benally’s first-person perspective. This shows the reader an insider’s perspective on Native American urban life, which contrasts with Abel’s perspective as an outsider to that world. This party represents an escape from that urban life, which the book establishes as stifling and lonely. The Native American partygoers physically distance themselves from Los Angeles, and though the city remains visible, the festivities drown it Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi nec

He was a longhair, like Tosamah said. You know, you have to change. That’s the only way you can live in a place like this. You have to forget about the way it was, how you grew up and all. Sometimes it’s hard, but you have to do it. Well, he didn’t want to change, I guess, or he didn’t know how. […] He was going to get us all in trouble, Tosamah said. Tosamah sizes him up right away and warned me about him. But, you know, Tosamah doesn’t understand either. He talks pretty big all the time, and he’s educated, but he doesn’t understand.

Related Characters: Ben Benally (speaker), Abel, Reverend John Big Buff Tosamah
Page Number and Citation: 131
Explanation and Analysis:
Tosamah describes Abel as a “longhair” to poke fun at his stereotypically Native American traits, with the word “longhair” evoking the image of a man who retains his traditional long hair rather than cutting it to assimilate with Western styles. Ben is in favor of assimilation, since he, like Milly, holds an unfounded faith in American way of life. He does not gloss over the difficulty of assimilation; he understands that it is an act of sacrifice, of one’s background, identity, and past. However, Ben also believes this sacrifice to be worth it in order to live “in a place Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores

“They gave him every advantage. […] But was he grateful? Hell, no, man, he was too dumb to be civilized. So what happened? They let him alone at last. They thought he was harmless. […] But it didn’t turn out that way. He turned out to be a real primitive sonuvabitch, and the first time he got hold of a knife he killed a man. That must have embarrassed the hell out of them.

“[…] They put that cat away, man. They had to. It’s part of the Jesus scheme. They, man. They put all of us renegades, us diehards, away sooner or later.”

Related Characters: Reverend John Big Buff Tosamah (speaker), Ben Benally, Abel
Page Number and Citation: 131-132
Explanation and Analysis:
Tosamah sees Abel less as a human being and more as a representative of how colonialism has failed. He disparages Abel as “dumb” and “primitive,” mocking both Abel and colonialism’s attempts to force “civilization” upon people resistant to it. According to Tosamah, Abel’s “primitive” nature overpowers his military training and renders him useless to the colonial institution. Then, when the colonial machine loosens its grip on him, Abel immediately resorts to mindless violence. Tosamah is entertained by this perceived primitivism, celebrating it as an embarrassment to agents of colonialism (in this case, the American justice system). He sees himself as Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam o

[Tosamah] doesn’t know how it is when you grow up out there someplace. […] You grow up in the night, and there are a lot of funny things going on, things you don’t know how to talk about. A baby dies, or a good horse. You get sick, or the corn dries up for no good reason. Then you remember something that happened the week before, something that wasn’t right. You heard an owl, maybe, or you saw a funny kind of whirlwind […]. And then you know. You just know. Maybe your aunt or your grandmother was a witch. Maybe you knew she was […]. You just know, and you can’t help being scared.

Related Characters: Ben Benally (speaker), Reverend John Big Buff Tosamah, Abel
Page Number and Citation: 131-132
Explanation and Analysis:
Though Tosamah is a priest of the pan-Indigenous peyote religion, he is dismissive of many Pueblo superstitions and spiritual beliefs. Ben attributes this scorn to Tosamah’s disconnect from the pueblos themselves. Throughout the book, Indigenous characters display a deep, often religious connection to their homelands. This connection allows Pueblo people to see magic in their lands and their communities that is not obvious to outsiders. This magic is as much a source of fear as a source of wonder. Ben often takes comfort in his religious beliefs, but he “can’t help being scared” of witches and the unexplainable, unspeakable “funny Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Pe

He was going home, and I wanted to pray. Look out for me, I said; look out each day and listen for me. And we were going together on horses to the hills. We were going to ride out in the first light to the hills. We were going to see how it was, and always was, how the sun came up with a little wind and the light ran out on the land. We were going to get drunk, I said. We were going to be all alone, and we were going to get drunk and sing. We were going to sing about the way it always was. And it was going to be right and beautiful. It was going to be the last time. And he was going home.

Related Characters: Ben Benally (speaker), Abel
Page Number and Citation: 166
Explanation and Analysis:
Ben narrates the implosion of Abel’s life in Los Angeles, and his subsequent decision to return to Walatowa; Ben has chosen not to return to his reservation. Ben’s repetition of “he was going home” has an almost jealous tone to it. It speaks to Ben’s own desire to return to his community, a fantasy that he indulges in with Abel. He imagines riding a horse again with his friend, and his narration emphasizes the landscape to demonstrate his desire to reconnect with the land. Ben imagines the reservation as a place of freedom and pleasure, where he and Abel can Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta

11. The Dawn Runner, February 27 Quotes

In the only possible way, perhaps, [Father Olguin] had come to terms with the town […]. To be sure, there was the matter of some old and final cleavage, of certain exclusion, the whole and subtle politics of estrangement, but that was easily put aside […]. That safety––that exclusive silence––was the sense of all his vows, certainly; it had been brought about by his own design, his act of renunciation, not the town’s. He had done well, by the town, after all. He had set an example of piety […].

Related Characters: Father Olguin, Francisco
Page Number and Citation: 170
Explanation and Analysis:
After the narrative moves away from Father Olguin for seven years, it finds him again just as alienated from the people of Walatowa as he was in 1952. Now, though, Father Olguin has convinced himself that this separation is proof of his holiness. As a representative of the colonial religion, Catholicism, Father Olguin has occupied a tenuous place in Walatowa throughout the novel. However, figures like Francisco demonstrate that many residents of Walatowa hold both Catholic and traditional religious beliefs. There might be, then, a way for Father Olguin himself to integrate into the Walatowa community, if he accepts that Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupt

[Abel’s] own sickness had settled into despair. […] His eyes burned and his body throbbed and he could not think what to do. The room enclosed him, as it always had, as if the small interior, in which this voice and other voices rose and remained forever at the walls, were all of infinity that he had ever known. It was the room in which he was born, in which his mother and brother died.

Related Characters: Abel, Francisco, Vidal
Page Number and Citation: 171
Explanation and Analysis:
Abel returns to Walatowa as Francisco is dying. For all of Abel’s life, Francisco has cared for and looked after him; now, at the end of Francisco’s life, Abel must step into the role of caregiver and help his grandfather pass away comfortably. This role reversal emphasizes Abel’s development since the start of the novel, as he has matured into a man capable of caring for the person who raised him. This growth does not mean Abel forgets his past, however, nor does it mean that he has fully let go of his trauma. His return to Walatowa is a Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam offi

They must learn the whole contour of the black mesa. They must know it as they knew the shape of their hands, always and by heart. […] They must know the long journey of the sun on the black mesa, how it rode in the seasons and the years, and they must live according to the sun appearing, for only then could they reckon where they were, where all things were, in time. […]

These things he told to his grandsons carefully, slowly and at length, because they were old and true, and they could be lost forever as easily as one generation is lost to the next, as easily as one old man might lose his voice, having spoken not enough or not at all.

Related Characters: Francisco, Abel, Vidal
Page Number and Citation: 171
Explanation and Analysis:
As Francisco dies, he remembers a series of meaningful moments in his life. One of these is a memory of showing Vidal and Abel the landscape and teaching them how to measure time with the seasons—and, more broadly, how to live as one with nature. The Native American characters in the novel have continually emphasized the importance of connecting with land, and here Francisco explains one reason why this connection is so significant. His ancestors, and accordingly Vidal and Abel’s ancestors, established their place in the universe in relation to the natural world around them. As such, the Pueblo people Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissim

[…] he saw the dark shape sauntering among the trees, and then the others, sitting all around, motionless, the short pointed ears and the soft shining eyes, almost kindly and discreet, the gaze of gray heads bidding only welcome and wild good will. And he was young and it was the first time he had come among them and he brought the rifle up and made no sound. He swung the sights slowly around from one to another of the still, shadowy shapes, but they made no sign except to cock their heads a notch, sitting still and away in the darkness like a litter of pups, full of shyness and wonder and delight.

Related Characters: Francisco
Page Number and Citation: 175
Explanation and Analysis:
A young Francisco undertakes a hunting trip on his own to prove himself as a grown man and capable hunter in his community. When he makes camp for the night on this hunt, he wakes to find a pack of wolves watching him from the distance. Though the situation is dangerous, the narration holds no sense of urgency or fear. Instead, the wolves and Francisco regard each other with mutual curiosity and respect. The wolves recognize that Francisco lives in harmony with nature, so they bid him “welcome and wild good will.” Francisco is too young to entirely trust his Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium

He had begun at the wrong pace, another and better man’s pace, had seen the man come almost at once to the top of his strength, hitting his stride without effort […]. And like a fool he had taken up the bait, whole and at once, had allowed himself to be run into the ground. In the next instant his lungs should burst, for now they were burning with pain and the pain had crowded out the last and least element of his breath, and he should stumble and fall. But the moment passed […] and the next and the next, and he was running still, and still he could see the dark shape of the man running away […] like a motionless shadow. And he held onto the shadow and ran beyond his pain.

Related Characters: Abel, Francisco
Related Symbols: Running and Races
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 182
Explanation and Analysis:
Francisco’s last memory before he dies is of a race he ran as a young man. The language of physical exertion and pain as he runs parallels the pain of dying. This is particularly pronounced as Francisco struggles to breathe, feeling as if “his lungs should burst.” Despite this pain, Francisco continues to run. As Francisco’s difficulty breathing makes clear that he is dying as he remembers this race, the description of his opponent as a “motionless shadow” calls to mind an embodiment of death itself. Francisco “held onto the shadow,” as if he is aware of his coming death Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debit

12. The Dawn Runner, February 28 Quotes

He was running, and his body cracked open with pain, and he was running on. He was running and there was no reason to run but the running itself and the land and the dawn appearing. […] He saw the slim black bodies of the runners in the distance, gliding away without sound through the slanting light and the rain. […] His legs buckled and he fell in the snow. The rain fell around him in the snow and he saw his broken hands […]. And he got up and ran on. He was alone and running on. […] Pure exhaustion laid hold of his mind, and he could see at last without having to think. He could see the canyon and the mountains and the sky.

Related Characters: Abel, Francisco
Related Symbols: Running and Races
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 185
Explanation and Analysis:
After Francisco’s death, Abel runs into the plains to run the race of the dead, a tradition his grandfather taught him. He honors Francisco by finally embracing the traditions his grandfather valued, after spending the story torn between Jemez traditions and the lifestyles expected in urban America. Abel honors his late grandfather by following in Francisco’s footsteps as a runner. One of Francisco’s passions as a young man was running, which helped him connect with his community and his religion. Caring for the dying Francisco forced Abel to develop into a man mature enough to look after someone else in Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta i
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