I, Robot

by Isaac Asimov

Dr. Susan Calvin Character Analysis

The chief robopsychologist at U.S. Robots and Mechanical men and one of the protagonists of the story. At the beginning of the book, a reporter comes to interview Calvin about her time with the company, which began when she was 25 years old until she retired at age 75. She tells the reporter the stories which comprise I, Robot and also features in several of the tales. Calvin is described as a cold, almost robotic woman herself. She is fonder of robots than she is of humans, as she calls robots a “cleaner better breed” due to the fact that they have to follow a strict ethical code. Despite this code, however, Calvin and other humans sometimes have difficulty predicting exactly what the robots might do, or figuring out why they are defective. In “Liar!”, she tells the story of a mind-reading robot named Herbie who tells her that another roboticist named Milton Ashe reciprocates her secret love for him, when in reality the robot is just trying to protect her feelings from harm as per the First Law of Robotics. The revelation that Ashe does not love Calvin devastates her. In “Little Lost Robot” and “Escape!”, Calvin is able to use her deductive skills to solve the problems occurring with Nestor 10 and The Brain, respectively, but not without putting herself and others in danger because she does not fully think through the consequences of her actions. Thus, while Calvin is one of the savvier humans in the book and perhaps the most knowledgeable person in the world about robot psychology, Asimov shows that she, too, can fall victim to her own irrational thoughts when she cannot properly anticipate the logic of robots. At the end of the book, Calvin reveals that she is glad that robots are controlling the economy and would want them as politicians, due to the fact that they are often more ethical than humans. In this way, she becomes a stand-in for Asimov himself, as one of his aims is to show how robots can be beneficial to humanity, even if they eventually become superior to humans.

Dr. Susan Calvin Quotes in I, Robot

The I, Robot quotes below are all either spoken by Dr. Susan Calvin or refer to Dr. Susan Calvin. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
).

Introduction Quotes

Susan said nothing at that seminar; took no part in the hectic discussion period that followed. She was a frosty girl, plain and colorless, who protected herself against a world she disliked by a mask-like expression and a hypertrophy of intellect. But as she watched and listened, she felt the stirrings of a cold enthusiasm.

Related Characters: Dr. Susan Calvin, Reporter, Robbie
Page Number and Citation: i
Explanation and Analysis:

“Then you don’t remember a world without robots. There was a time when humanity faced the universe alone and without a friend. Now he has creatures to help him; stronger creatures than himself, more faithful, more useful, and absolutely devoted to him. […] But you haven’t worked with them, so you don’t know them. They’re a cleaner better breed than we are.”

Related Characters: Dr. Susan Calvin (speaker), Reporter
Page Number and Citation: iii
Explanation and Analysis:

Liar! Quotes

But Susan Calvin whirled on him now and the hunted pain in her eyes became a blaze, “Why should I? What do you know about it all, anyway, you…you machine. I’m just a specimen to you; an interesting bug with a peculiar mind spread-eagled for inspection. It’s a wonderful example of frustration, isn’t it? Almost as good as your books.” Her voice, emerging in dry sobs, choked into silence.

The robot cowered at the outburst. He shook his head pleadingly. “Won’t you listen to me, please? I could help you if you would let me.”

Related Characters: Herbie (speaker), Dr. Susan Calvin (speaker), Milton Ashe
Page Number and Citation: 96
Explanation and Analysis:

Little Lost Robot Quotes

“All normal life, Peter, consciously or otherwise, resents domination. If the domination is by an inferior, or by a supposed inferior, the resentment becomes stronger. Physically, and, to an extent, mentally, a robot—any robot—is superior to human beings. What makes him slavish, then? Only the First Law! […]”

“Susan,” said Bogert, with an air of sympathetic amusement. “I’ll admit that this Frankenstein Complex you’re exhibiting has a certain justification—hence the First Law in the first place. But the Law, I repeat and repeat, has not been removed—merely modified.”

Related Characters: Dr. Susan Calvin (speaker), Peter Bogert (speaker), Nestor 10
Page Number and Citation: 119
Explanation and Analysis:

“That he himself could only identify wave lengths by virtue of the training he had received at Hyper Base, under mere human beings, was a little too humiliating to remember for just a moment. To the normal robots the area was fatal because we had told them it would be, and only Nestor 10 knew we were lying. And just for a moment he forgot, or didn’t want to remember, that other robots might be more ignorant than human beings. His very superiority caught him.”

Related Characters: Dr. Susan Calvin (speaker), Nestor 10, Major-general Kallner, Cutie
Page Number and Citation: 142-143
Explanation and Analysis:

Escape! Quotes

“When we come to a sheet which means damage, even maybe death, don’t get excited. You see, Brain, in this case, we don’t mind—not even about death; we don’t mind at all.”

Related Characters: Dr. Susan Calvin (speaker), The Brain
Page Number and Citation: 149
Explanation and Analysis:

She went on, “So he accepted the item, but not without a certain jar. Even with death temporary and its importance depressed, it was enough to unbalance him very gently.”

She brought it out calmly, “He developed a sense of humor—it’s an escape, you see, a method of partial escape from reality. He became a practical joker.”

Related Characters: Dr. Susan Calvin (speaker), Gregory Powell, The Brain , Mike Donovan
Page Number and Citation: 168
Explanation and Analysis:

Evidence Quotes

“Actions such as his could come only from a robot, or from a very honorable and decent human being. But you see, you just can’t differentiate between a robot and the very best of humans.”

Related Characters: Dr. Susan Calvin (speaker), Stephen Byerley, Alfred Lanning, Francis Quinn
Page Number and Citation: 184
Explanation and Analysis:

“I like robots. I like them considerably better than I do human beings. If a robot can be created capable of being a civil executive, I think he’d make the best one possible. By the Laws of Robotics, he’d be incapable of harming humans, incapable of tyranny, of corruption, of stupidity, of prejudice.” […]

“Except that a robot might fail due to the inherent inadequacies of his brain. The positronic brain has never equalled the complexities of the human brain.”

Related Characters: Stephen Byerley (speaker), Dr. Susan Calvin (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 196
Explanation and Analysis:

The Evitable Conflict Quotes

“Very well, then, Stephen, what harms humanity? Economic dislocations most of all, from whatever cause. Wouldn’t you say so?”

“I would.”

“And what is most likely in the future to cause economic dislocations? Answer that, Stephen.”

“I should say,” replied Byerley, unwillingly, “the destruction of the Machines.”

“And so should I say, and so should the Machines say. Their first care, therefore, is to preserve themselves, for us.”

Related Characters: Stephen Byerley (speaker), Dr. Susan Calvin (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 222
Explanation and Analysis:

“But you are telling me, Susan, that the ‘Society for Humanity’ is right; and that Mankind has lost its own say in its future.”

“It never had any, really. It was always at the mercy of economic and sociological forces it did not understand—at the whims of climate, and the fortunes of war.” […]

“How horrible!”

“Perhaps how wonderful! Think, that for all time, all conflicts are finally evitable. Only the Machines, from now on, are inevitable!”

Related Characters: Dr. Susan Calvin (speaker), Stephen Byerley (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 224
Explanation and Analysis:
Get the entire I, Robot LitChart as a printable PDF.
"My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." -Graham S.
I, Robot PDF

Dr. Susan Calvin Character Timeline in I, Robot

The timeline below shows where the character Dr. Susan Calvin appears in I, Robot. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Introduction
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
...three days at U.S. Robots, and surveys the notes he’s taken from interviewing Dr. Susan Calvin. She was born in 1982 and is now 75—the same age as the company for... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
...had been completely outdone by a man named Lawrence Robertson, who created the positronic brain. Calvin learned to construct those “brains,” obtaining a Ph.D. in 2008 and joining U.S. Robots as... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Calvin is retiring, and the reporter wants to do a story on her time at U.S.... (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Calvin begins recounting some of the history of robots as she has experienced it, starting from... (full context)
Robbie
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
...are interested in the robot, but there is a girl in her middle teens (Susan Calvin) who is engrossed in writing an essay while waiting for the engineer to return so... (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Susan Calvin then tells the reporter that only four years later, speaking robots were invented, which made... (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Calvin continues, explaining that she joined U.S. Robots in 2007, when they began to develop the... (full context)
Runaround
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
...Law would take unquestionable precedence. Speedy had retrieved the selenium easily. Powell then admits Susan Calvin told him that after they fully set up the mining station on Mercury, U.S. Robots... (full context)
Catch That Rabbit
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Susan Calvin recalls these stories of Donovan and Powell with amusement. The reporter asks if she ever... (full context)
Liar!
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Susan Calvin, Alfred Lanning, Peter Bogert, and Milton Ashe—all four of whom are officers for U.S. Robot... (full context)
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Lanning then tells Calvin to try to study Herbie and figure out how he might have gained telepathic powers... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Dr. Calvin starts to blush when she realizes that Herbie must know about a love that she... (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Dr. Calvin starts to argue that Herbie must be mistaken—there was a slim, blond girl who visited... (full context)
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
...solution regarding Herbie’s circuits. Ashe suggests that he give the calculations to Herbie, as Dr. Calvin has discovered that the robot can solve any mathematical problem. Ashe then asks Bogert if... (full context)
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
Meanwhile, Ashe and Calvin are chatting together. Ashe draws a house that he’s thinking of buying, which he confesses... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Calvin immediately goes to find Herbie, confused why he had said that Ashe loved her. Herbie... (full context)
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
...truth about whether he is resigning. The robot remains mute, unable to answer the question. Calvin starts to laugh, realizing that she, Bogert, and Lanning have all fallen into the same... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Calvin explains that because of the First Law of Robotics, Herbie did not want to cause... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Calvin points out to Herbie that he doesn’t want to tell Bogert and Lanning the answer... (full context)
Little Lost Robot
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
The reporter waits two days before interviewing Calvin again. He asks to hear more stories about robots and interstellar travel. She starts to... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
During Calvin’s first dinner at the Hyper Base, Major-general Kallner, who is heading the project, explains what... (full context)
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
Calvin asks why they modified the robot. Kallner tells her that their men work with radiation,... (full context)
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
The next morning, Calvin goes to Bogert and insists that she should have been told about the adjustment. She... (full context)
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
Later in the morning, Calvin has an interview with Gerald Black—the last person to have seen the lost robot, Nestor... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
...he told him angrily to “go lose [himself],” along with a series of derogatory remarks. Calvin dismisses Black, thanking him for his cooperation. Calvin then interviews all 63 robots over five... (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Calvin worries, however, that Nestor 10 is also trying to prove his superior intellect to the... (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Calvin and Bogert decide to perform tests directly on the response to the First Law. They... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Calvin designs another experiment: they will again drop a weight above a man, but there will... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Calvin interviews each robot again, asking to explain what happened. One of them, Number 28, says... (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Calvin gets one last idea, remembering that one additional difference between Nestor 10 and the other... (full context)
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
After the interviews, they begin the experiment, and Calvin insists on being the person that they must try to save so that she can... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Black bursts into the room and asks if Calvin is hurt. She shakes her head. He pries the arm off of her; Nestor 10... (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
Calvin has one last meeting with Kallner, insisting that the modified Nestors be destroyed. Kallner agrees,... (full context)
Escape!
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Robertson (the head of U.S. Robots), Lanning, Bogert, and Calvin are discussing whether they should accept the offer. They worry if the equations might also... (full context)
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Calvin chimes in, saying that a human caught in an impossibility will often “retreat from reality,”... (full context)
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
Calvin goes to visit The Brain, a two-foot, globe-shaped machine. Dr. Calvin tells The Brain that... (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
...took off without their knowledge or control. Back on Earth, alarms are going off, and Calvin and Lanning realize that the ship has taken off. (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
Calvin interviews The Brain, asking what happened to the ship. The Brain tells her that the... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Back at U.S. Robots, Calvin is trying to figure out how to get The Brain to bring Donovan and Powell... (full context)
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Back on Earth, Calvin is again talking to The Brain. Calvin asks if the interstellar jump will hurt Powell... (full context)
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
...ship, they kiss the ground and immediately head to shower. Afterward, they recount their tale. Calvin admits to them that this is her fault—that she told The Brain not to worry... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Calvin also reveals that The Brain accepted the solution, but that it was “enough to unbalance... (full context)
Evidence
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Calvin recounts to the reporter some of the progress that Earth made using robots. When she... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
...are locked in a political race for mayor. During the campaign, Quinn approaches Lanning and Calvin. He explains that he has been investigating Mr. Byerley, and that the man has never... (full context)
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Lanning and Calvin go to visit Byerley, and Lanning asks him point blank if he is a robot.... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
The next day, Calvin, Lanning, and Quinn meet again, and they report to Quinn that they saw Byerley eat.... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Calvin continues, pointing out that there is no way to prove he is a robot based... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Dr. Calvin and Stephen Byerley meet once more, a week before he takes office. Calvin explains Quinn’s... (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Back with the reporter, Calvin says that when Byerley died, he had his body atomized so that there was never... (full context)
The Evitable Conflict
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Stephen Byerley and Susan Calvin meet in his study. He is now World Coordinator of Earth. He has noted some... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
...exceeded human knowledge. They analyze a nearly infinite amount of data in very little time. Calvin assents that they “no longer understand [their] own creations.” (full context)
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
...and thus the error was on the human end, not the Machine end. Byerley and Calvin start to go through each region of Earth to look at the data and speak... (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
...strange that the Machine did not warn Vrasayana to renovate. Otherwise, Ching assures Byerley and Calvin that this is the only issue they’ve had. (full context)
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
Next, Byerley and Calvin meet with the Coordinator of the European Region, named Madame Szegeczowska. They talk about the... (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Byerley and Calvin finish with the Northern Region, coordinated by Hiram Mackenzie. Mackenzie refutes the idea that the... (full context)
Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
Byerley and Calvin regroup with what they have been told. They wonder if people are deliberately disobeying the... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Calvin offers an alternative theory to Byerley. The Machines follow the First Law, and work for... (full context)
Morality and Ethics Theme Icon
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
...is stunned, wondering if this means that mankind has lost its say in its future. Calvin responds that humanity was always at the mercy of social and economic forces it did... (full context)
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Calvin concludes her tales to the reporter, explaining that she saw everything: from the time when... (full context)