I, Robot

by

Isaac Asimov

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I, Robot: Robbie Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Robbie and Gloria are playing hide and seek together in their yard. After Robbie finds Gloria easily, Gloria accuses him of peeking. She asks him to give her a ride on his back, but he is hurt by the accusation. She tries to get him out of his bad mood by hugging him, then by threatening to cry if he didn’t. Robbie ignores her, but she plays her trump card, telling him that if he doesn’t give her a ride, she won’t tell him anymore stories. He quickly places her on his shoulders and runs around. Gloria is delighted, and pretends she is riding an “air-coaster.”
The first appearance of a robot in Asimov’s stories reveal quite a lot about how advanced they are. First, it shows how Robbie has a degree of consciousness and emotional intelligence, as he is emotionally in tune with Gloria’s playfulness and is also aware of when she is being unfair to him. Additionally, his compassion and desire to take care of Gloria is contrasted severely with Gloria’s mother in the ensuing pages.
Themes
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After their ride, Gloria begins to recount the story of Cinderella to a rapt Robbie until Mrs. Weston, Gloria’s mother, calls out to her to come back inside. Robbie carries Gloria back to the house. Mrs. Weston scolds Gloria, saying that she’s been calling her, and is frustrated that she and Robbie forgot it was lunch time. Mrs. Weston sends Robbie away, telling him not to come back until she calls for him. Gloria begs her mother to let him stay, so that she can finish the story, but her mother refuses. Robbie sulks away.
Robbie is clearly subservient to humans and adheres to some sort of programming that forces him to obey. Even though they know they’ll get in trouble, as soon as Mrs. Weston calls for Gloria, Robbie obeys her and takes Gloria back to the house. Additionally, when Mrs. Weston sends Robbie away, he goes even though he is unhappy about it; he cannot help but follow what she says.
Themes
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Later that afternoon, Mrs. Weston approaches Mr. Weston. She vents her frustrations about Robbie, saying that she doesn’t want it to take care of Gloria anymore. She says, “It has no soul, and no one knows what it may be  thinking. A child just isn’t made to be guarded by a thing of metal.” Mr. Weston asks when Mrs. Weston’s concerns arose, as Robbie has been watching Gloria for two years now. She explains that at first it was a novelty, it was fashionable, and it took a load off of her. But she now worries that the robot might “go berserk.”
Here Asimov begins to bring up complicated questions of what defines humanity and what is outside of that. Mrs. Weston argues that Robbie has no soul, but at the same time he is in many ways a more ethical being than any human who could take care of Gloria. Additionally, Mrs. Weston starts to hint at her fears of Robbie harming Gloria, which leads to her taking the irrational action of forcing them to part.
Themes
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Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
Quotes
Mr. Weston reminds Mrs. Weston of the First Law of Robotics, that it’s impossible for a robot to harm a human being. A robot would be completely inoperable before it could harm a human being. Mr. Weston adds that it would be difficult to take Robbie away from Gloria. Mrs. Weston explains that this is part of the problem: she refuses to play with other boys and girls, and that’s “no way for a little girl to grow up.” Mr. Weston puts his foot down, saying that they are keeping Robbie until Gloria is older.
Asimov introduces the First of the Three Laws that will become central to all of the stories in I, Robot. Even though Mrs. Weston is skeptical, all robots are designed so that they are bound to follow these Three Laws which essentially constitute their ethical code. The stories prove that it is indeed impossible for the robots not to follow them, even when it appears that they are deviating.
Themes
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Two nights later, Mrs. Weston comes to Mr. Weston and tells him that the neighbors believe Robbie is dangerous. They aren’t letting other kids come near their house out of fear. Mr. Weston says that they are being unreasonable, and repeats that they are not getting rid of Robbie. But over the course of the following week, Mrs. Weston brings up the subject again and again, until Mr. Weston is worn down.
Asimov starts to illustrate even  more clearly how the robots spark fear in humans because they think that they are a threat to humanity. Even though Mrs. Weston thinks that she is protecting her daughter by getting rid of Robbie, taking him away actually puts Gloria in more danger, as Asimov demonstrates in the climax of the story.
Themes
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At the end of the week, Mr. Weston takes Gloria to the “visivox show,” and when they return, Gloria finds a new dog greeting her on the porch. She is thrilled, and she goes to find Robbie to show him the dog as well. When she cannot find him in the house, she becomes upset and afraid. Mrs. Weston explains that Robbie just walked away, and that they’ve looked for him, but can’t find him anywhere. She says they’ll keep looking for Robbie, but that Gloria can play with her new dog in the meantime.
Mrs. Weston’s frigidity and cruelty is placed directly in contrast with Robbie’s compassion and his desire to put Gloria’s happiness above everything else. Mrs. Weston thinks that she is trying to do right by her daughter but only ends up making her miserable in the process, which directly illustrates how robots can be more ethical than humans.
Themes
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Gloria is distraught, refusing to accept the dog. She sobs and wails, and Mrs. Weston tells her that Robbie was only a machine. Gloria screams, “He was a person just like you and me and he was my friend.” Gloria storms off. Mrs. Weston assures Mr. Weston that Gloria will forget her sorrow in a few days.
Gloria’s statement is one of the best demonstrations in the novel of how humans anthropomorphize the robots, and can only understand them on human terms. Gloria’s insistence that Robbie is a “person” demonstrates how she believes he is as human as anyone else in her life.
Themes
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Quotes
Over the next few days, Gloria stops crying but remains silent and depressed. Mrs. Weston sends the dog back, and complains to Mr. Weston that Gloria is driving her to a “nervous breakdown.” Mr. Weston suggests that they get Robbie back, but Mrs. Weston refuses. She says that her child will not be brought up by a robot “if it takes years to break her of it.” Mrs. Weston suggests to Mr. Weston that they take her on a month-long trip to New York City to cheer her up.
Again, Mrs. Weston’s cruelty is on display. She doesn’t recognize (or doesn’t want to admit) that the solution to her daughter’s day-to-day happiness is simply to admit that she was wrong and to bring Robbie back. She is not only being irrational, but she is costing her daughter’s wellbeing in the process.
Themes
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Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
The Westons go sightseeing around New York City throughout the month, and Gloria does seem happier, though only because she thinks they are there to employ detectives to find Robbie. One day, they go to the Museum of Science and Industry. During a tour, Gloria slips away to follow a sign to the “Talking Robot” on display. The Talking Robot is a large computer kept in a single room. People ask questions of the robot engineer, and those the engineer deems suitable are transmitted to the robot—usually only mathematical questions and calculations like the square of 14 or the current air pressure.
Asimov introduces the Talking Robot in the museum to contrast Robbie and other robots like him with older, clunky computers, which would have been much closer to the machines that were contemporary to Asimov’s time in the 1940s and 1950s. It shows the progression of the technology and how humans are actively creating robots that can be understood on human terms: with bodies, names, and mannerisms that allow people to ascribe humanity to them.
Themes
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Few people are interested in the robot, but there is a girl in her middle teens (Susan Calvin) who is engrossed in writing an essay while waiting for the engineer to return so that she can ask the robot more questions. Gloria enters the room cautiously, and asks the robot if he has seen Robbie, another robot. The Talking Robot has never been asked a question like this, and has never known that it is part of a group of beings and not simply a single object. It becomes overwhelmed and its coils burn out.
The Talking Robot does not nearly have the same kinds of human qualities that Robbie does, even though the Talking Robot can verbalize, and Robbie cannot. It does not have the same consciousness of itself as a species that Robbie does. This is very different from many of the robots in future stories, which actively band together with other robots as they understand their nonhuman bonds.
Themes
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Just then, Mrs. Weston bursts into the room, along with the engineer, who points out that Gloria is not allowed in the room without an attendant. Gloria sobs, saying that she just wanted to ask the robot if it knew where Robbie was, because she has to find Robbie. That night, Mr. Weston proposes an idea to Mrs. Weston: that they take a tour of a robot factory so that Gloria can stop thinking of Robbie as a person and not as a machine. If they can convince her that Robbie was not alive, she might forget him. Mrs. Weston agrees.
Mr. and Mrs. Weston begin to recognize the fact that Gloria loves Robbie so much because she has come to think of him as another person, leading to her sadness and confusion over losing him. This reinforces that humans cannot help but ascribe their own humanity onto other beings. Mr. and Mrs. Weston set out, therefore, to try to counteract this principle by convincing Gloria that Robbie was not actually a living being despite displaying many humanlike characteristics.
Themes
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Mrs. Weston, Mr. Weston, and Gloria take a tour of U.S. Robots and Mechanical Men the next day. Mr. Struthers, the General Manager of the factory, shows them a factory line, how robots are creating more robots. But Gloria is stunned when she spots Robbie working at the factory. She jubilantly sprints toward him, running directly in front of a moving tractor. Mr. Weston tries to move toward Gloria while Mr. Struthers signals to stop the tractor, but the overseers are “only human and it [takes] time to act.” Robbie acts immediately, snatching Gloria out of the way of the tractor. The adults are relieved.
In contrast to many science fiction stories in which robots turn on their creators or allow them to come to harm, Asimov complicates this stereotype by arguing that robots can be better than humans in many situations. Robbie is able to save Gloria when the human adults are not. Moreover, he is bound to save her because, by the First Law of Robotics, he cannot allow her to come to harm through inaction.
Themes
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Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
Quotes
Mrs. Weston immediately whirls on her husband, accusing Mr. Weston of planting Robbie in the factory, because he wasn’t designed for engineering or construction work. Mr. Weston admits that he did so, but tells Mrs. Weston that he didn’t know the reunion would be so violent, and that she can’t send Robbie away again now that he’s saved Gloria’s life. Mrs. Weston sees how happy Gloria is embracing Robbie, and concedes that he can stay.
The end of this story shows the lengths of both Mr. and Mrs. Weston’s folly and irrationality in getting rid of Robbie and then trying to reunite them under dangerous circumstances. The fact that Robbie is the one who saves Gloria from her death only highlights how irrational Mrs. Weston was being in believing that keeping him around was dangerous to Gloria—a fact she finally admits.
Themes
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Susan Calvin then tells the reporter that only four years later, speaking robots were invented, which made all non-speaking models out of date and also made people even more skeptical of robots because they so closely resembled humans. Most governments banned robot use on Earth for anything other than scientific research between 2003 and 2007, and so Robbie and Gloria had to say goodbye after all.
Asimov recounts this history of robotics, again showing how the more human the robots become, the more resistance there is to those robots and the more humans fear them and wish to maintain control over them. But, as Robbie’s story has shown, trying to get rid of them may not necessarily be a good thing.
Themes
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Irrationality, Fear, and Folly Theme Icon
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness, and Humanity Theme Icon
Calvin continues, explaining that she joined U.S. Robots in 2007, when they began to develop the “extra-Terrestrial market.” One of their first missions using the primitive talking models involved sending Gregory Powell and Mike Donovan to Mercury to help build a mining station there, which failed at first. The reporter asks her to speak more about this mission.
Asimov doesn’t go into detail on how space travel has been developed, but it becomes clear over the course of the stories that humans are only able to go to these other planets with the help of robots. In this way he continues to imply a symbiosis between the humans and the robots, as only with the robots’ help are humans able to progress. This will continue until the robots become more advanced and independent of the humans’ control, as can be seen in subsequent stories.
Themes
Human Superiority and Control Theme Icon