Ishmael
by Daniel Quinn
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Ishmael Character Analysis

The titular character, an old, experienced, and intelligent gorilla who teaches the narrator about civilization, the environment, and history. Ishmael is a mysterious presence in the novel, whose motive for spending time with human beings is never made explicitly clear. Kidnapped from his home in Africa as a baby, Ishmael grew up in captivity, and eventually learned how to read, think, and communicate with the help of his owner, Mr. Sokolow. Ishmael is deeply saddened by the devastation that the Takers—the dominant branch of the human race—have wrought on the Earth, and he is often pessimistic about the possibility of change. At times, his sadness is so immense that he takes out his feelings on the narrator. Nevertheless, he is a talented teacher who uses the Socratic method with his pupils, encouraging them to ask questions and teasing out their thoughts slowly and carefully. At the time when the novel begins, Ishmael has never has a successful pupil, since his lessons are so challenging. Quinn leaves it up to the reader to decide whether Ishmael has finally found a successful pupil in the narrator.

Ishmael Quotes in Ishmael

The Ishmael quotes below are all either spoken by Ishmael or refer to Ishmael. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Education, Teaching, and Prophets Theme Icon
).

Chapter 1 Quotes

TEACHER seeks pupil. Must have an earnest desire to save the world. Apply in person.

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Ishmael
Page Number and Citation: 4
Explanation and Analysis:
When the narrator of Ishmael reads these words in the newspaper, he's at first dismissive, then thoughtful, then a little inspired. The narrator finds the notion of "saving the world" ridiculous—surely only children and crazy hippies would ever commit to something as silly as saving the world. And yet the narrator begins to see that his own contemptuousness is what's shallow and silly; rather, it's the people who try to save the world who are most earnest and admirable in their earnestness.It's also important to notice that the teacher (later revealed to be Ishmael) is requesting a student—not the other Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia ea

WITH MAN GONE, WILL THERE BE HOPE FOR GORILLA?

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Ishmael
Page Number and Citation: 9
Explanation and Analysis:
When the narrator goes to visit Ishmael for the first time, he sees a sign bearing this rhetorical question. The narrator interprets the question as a kind of Zen koan—a cryptic sentence designed to provoke thought and meditation, rather than any clear-cut answer.In the spirit of a Zen koan, here are some possible interpretations of the question:1) The question is designed to satirize mankind's arrogance. According to the way human beings see the world, man is the dominant species, and all other animals (not just gorillas) are humans' servants, enemies, or pets. The question takes an overbearing, paternalistic tone, as Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam dolo

“On the basis of my history, what subject would you say I was best qualified to teach?”

I blinked and told him I didn’t know.

“Of course you do. My subject is captivity.”

Related Characters: Ishmael (speaker), Narrator (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 24
Explanation and Analysis:
Ishmael, the enormous ape who acts as a teacher to the Narrator, claims to be teaching his pupil about captivity. At first, it appears that Ishmael is making a very literal point: he's spent most of his life imprisoned behind glass or in cages, and therefore, he's qualified to talk about these experiences. But as the novel goes on, it becomes clear that Ishmael is making a deeper, more abstract point. As the Narrator comes to realize, almost all human beings are "captives" of a system of belief. This system of belief, that of the Taker culture, imprisons people by Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a.

Chapter 2 Quotes

As I say, there were many in Germany who recognized this story as rank mythology. They were nevertheless held captive by it simply because the vast majority around them thought it sounded wonderful and were willing to give up their lives to make it a reality.

Related Characters: Ishmael (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 35
Explanation and Analysis:
Ishmael and the Narrator discuss an old problem of philosophy: can people be made to believe anything, simply because their peers believe the same? For the Narrator, the ultimate example of this principle is Fascist Germany. Millions of educated people were convinced that Jews and other minorities are the enemy of a "pure" human race.The history of Germany under the Nazis illustrates the idea that humans are constantly being influenced by stories and myths. These myths are so powerful and pervasive that people often don't notice that they exist at all. And there are even some human beings who recognize Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. N

And when we’re finished, you’ll have an entirely new perception of the world and of all that’s happened here. And it won’t matter in the least whether you remember how that perception was assembled. The journey itself is going to change you, so you don’t have to worry about memorizing the route we took to accomplish that change.

Related Characters: Ishmael (speaker), Narrator
Page Number and Citation: 40
Explanation and Analysis:
There's an old cliche that "the journey is more important than the destination." As far as Ishmael is concerned, this idea is the guiding law of education. Ishmael has summoned the Narrator to his cage because he wants the Narrator to understand some basic truths about the world. The Narrator has no idea what these truths might be—he's motivated by a desire to learn and to "save the world" but nothing more specific. In short, Ishmael is going to teach the Narrator about a subject so strange and new that there's no name for it.The passage also reminds us that Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possi

Chapter 4 Quotes

You didn’t believe me when I said that this is ambient in your culture. Now you see what I mean. The mythology of your culture hums in your ears so constantly that no one pays the slightest bit of attention to it. Of course man is conquering space and the atom and the deserts and the ocean and the elements. According to your mythology, this is what he was born to do.

Related Characters: Ishmael (speaker), Narrator
Page Number and Citation: 74
Explanation and Analysis:
Here, Ishmael tries to explain the guiding “myths” of human culture. For Ishmael, one feature of a myth is its invisibility, or ambience. The great myth of human civilization—so pervasive that it's undetectable, just as water is undetectable to a fish—is that humans were "made" to rule the planet. From the time they're children, humans are conditioned to believe that the world is their property: they can do whatever they choose with whatever parts of it they have access to. The first step in freeing the Narrator from the myths of his culture, then, is to identify these myths. By Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati.

Chapter 5 Quotes

“It’s because there’s something fundamentally wrong with humans. Something that definitely works against paradise. Something that makes people stupid and destructive and greedy and shortsighted.”

“Of course. Everyone in your culture knows this. Man was born to turn the world into a paradise, but tragically he was born flawed.”

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Ishmael (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 83
Explanation and Analysis:
Here, Ishmael and the Narrator clarify the mythology of human civilization. While it's true that humans are indoctrinated to believe that they will "inherit the Earth"—i.e., that the world is their property—this isn't the whole story. Humans are told that they were meant to bring paradise to the world. But when they look around, they see misery instead: pollution, war, crime, etc. So almost by definition, the myth of human civilization has two parts: first, that man was created to rule the world; second, that man was born deeply flawed, and can't help destroying the world because of his flaws. Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde eni

One of the most striking features of Taker culture is its passionate and unwavering dependence on prophets. The influence of people like Moses, Gautama Buddha, Confucius, Jesus, and Muhammed in Taker history is simply enormous.

Related Characters: Ishmael (speaker), Narrator
Page Number and Citation: 85
Explanation and Analysis:
Ishmael points out some of the basic qualities of the Takers: i.e., the human beings who believe in the myth that they were created to own and dominate the planet. One of the most basic qualities of the Takers is that they like being told what to do: they choose to worship figures like Jesus who promise them enlightenment in return for worship or belief. As Ishmael sees it, the reason for Takers' unabashed worship of prophets is their fervent belief in their own imperfection. Takers believe—have no choice but to believe—that they've squandered their inheritance as rulers of the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae

Chapter 6 Quotes

Though the Takers don’t know it yet, the gods did not exempt man from the law that governs the lives of grubs and ticks and shrimps and rabbits and mollusks and deer and lions and jellyfish. They did not exempt him from this law any more than they exempted him from the law of gravity.

Related Characters: Ishmael (speaker), Narrator
Page Number and Citation: 103
Explanation and Analysis:
Although human civilization claims to be governed by a myth—the myth of human dominance—Ishmael claims that human civilization is governed by the laws of nature. Naturally, humans reject the idea that they're the same as other animals—it's inconceivable that they'd have to obey the same laws as other life forms.Arguably the most important word in this entire quotation is "yet." The basic law of nature that Ishmael is referring to here is that, in the end, human beings will go extinct because of their abuses of the environment—no species can survive while consuming its own resources exponentially. So it's inevitable Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam vol

But your craft isn’t going to save you. Quite the contrary, it’s your craft that’s carrying to toward the catastrophe. Five billion of people pedaling away—or ten billion or twenty billions—can’t make it fly. It’s been in free fall from the beginning and that fall is about to end.

Related Characters: Ishmael (speaker), Narrator
Page Number and Citation: 109
Explanation and Analysis:
Ishmael explains the future of human civilization to the Narrator by making an analogy: civilization is like a failed flying machine. As billions of human beings try to operate the flying machine, they have the exhilarating feeling that they're defying the laws of gravity. The crux of Ishmael's analogy is that falling and flying feel exactly the same: in other words, civilization has been declining for thousands of years, even while human beings think that civilization is solving all their problems.The passage is a good example of the way that Ishmael teaches the Narrator. Again and again, he relies on Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum v

Chapter 7 Quotes

The gazelle and the lion are enemies only in the minds of the Takers. The lion that comes across a herd of gazelles doesn’t massacre them, as an enemy would. It kills one, not to satisfy its hatred of gazelles but to satisfy its hunger, and once it has made its kill the gazelles are perfectly content to go on grazing with the lion right in their midst.

Related Characters: Ishmael (speaker), Narrator
Page Number and Citation: 117
Explanation and Analysis:
Ishmael tries to teach the Narrator about the interconnectedness of the natural world. In order to do so, Ishmael must free the Narrator from the constraints of "right" and "wrong," or at least as humans understand these concepts. For animals, as distinct from humans, there is no "wrong" in killing to survive—as Ishmael points out, gazelles will continue grazing even after a lion kills and eats one of them. On the contrary, the animals of the natural world have evolved to coexist with one another. Whether or not they're consciously aware of it, the creatures of the natural world fully Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nes

I had to face it: I didn’t just want a teacher—I wanted a teacher for life.

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Ishmael
Page Number and Citation: 122
Explanation and Analysis:
At the midway point of the book, the Narrator faces some difficult truths about his relationship with Ishmael. Ishmael has taught the Narrator a lot of important information about human civilization, and the Narrator, for his part, has been receptive to this information. He's done his homework when Ishmael gives him a deep problem to contemplate, and he's done his best to see Ishmael as much as possible. But in spite of the Narrator's abilities as a student, he struggles with Ishmael's most basic lesson of all: independence. Ishmael doesn't just want to give the Narrator knowledge of Takers and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus volup

Chapter 8 Quotes

The more competitors you destroy, the more humans you can bring into the world, and that makes it just about the holiest work there is. Once you exempt yourself from the law of limited competition, everything in the world except your food and the food of your food becomes an enemy to be exterminated.

Related Characters: Ishmael (speaker), Narrator
Page Number and Citation: 132
Explanation and Analysis:
In this section, Ishmael shows the Narrator how the one basic premise of human civilization—the premise that man controls the world and can do with it whatever he wishes—determines how people view the world's plants and animals. The job of a farmer, for example, is to supply the maximum amount of food to the maximum amount of people—as Ishmael says, this is "holy work." But in order to maximize production, farmers must exterminate creatures that compete with humans for food—carnivores, pests, etc. Because humans believes that the only true "good" is humanity itself, then they must also conclude that any Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem ac

If you go among the various peoples of your culture—if you go to China and Japan and Russia and England and India—each people will give you a completely different account of themselves, but they are nonetheless enacting a single basic story, which is the story of the Takers. The same is true of the Leavers. The Bushmen of Africa, the Alawa of Australia, the Kreen-Akrore of Brazil, and the Navajo of the United States would each give you a different account of themselves but they too are all enacting one basic story, which is the story of the Leavers.

Related Characters: Ishmael (speaker), Narrator
Page Number and Citation: 147
Explanation and Analysis:
This quotation is an important qualifier for Ishmael's lesson to the Narrator. Ishmael wants to analyze humanity by dividing humans into two groups, Takers (those who subscribe to the premise that the Earth belongs to humanity) and Leavers (those who subscribe to the premise that humans are just one of the millions of lifeforms on the Earth). Admittedly, Ishmael's division is a little simplistic—on the surface, it seems strange to say that (for example) the Chinese, the Russians, and the English are all members of the same "culture." But the point isn't that Russian and Chinese people are exactly the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque

Chapter 9 Quotes

When I arrived the next day, I found that a new plan was in effect: Ishmael was no longer on the other side of the glass, he was on my side of it, sprawled on some cushions a few feet from my chair. I hadn’t realized how important that sheet of glass had become to our relationship: to be honest, I felt a flutter of alarm in my stomach.

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Ishmael
Related Symbols: Glass
Page Number and Citation: 151
Explanation and Analysis:
In this important quotation, the Narrator takes an important step forward with his education by meeting Ishmael face-to-face. The most important element of this scene is the glass that once separated the Narrator from his teacher. It's only now that the glass is gone that the Narrator realizes just how much this barrier had affected his relationship with Ishmael all along.To begin with, the glass that separated the Narrator from Ishmael allowed the Narrator to distance himself from Ishmael. Even though the Narrator agreed with most of Ishmael's points and found himself looking forward to their lessons, he still couldn't Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit n

“But it makes sense this way,” I insisted. “The mark was given to Cain as a warning to others: ‘Leave this man alone. This is a dangerous man, one who exacts sevenfold vengeance.’ Certainly a lot of people over the world have learned that it doesn’t pay to mess with people with white faces.”

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Ishmael
Page Number and Citation: 175
Explanation and Analysis:
In this quotation, Quinn ventures into racial politics for one of the few times in his novel. Ishmael and the Narrator are trying to interpret the Biblical story of Cain, the first murderer in the world. Cain, in Ishmael's historical interpretation of the Bible, is meant to be a symbol of the Caucasian societies of the Middle East. The Caucasians were some of the first people on the planet to practice Taker culture; in other words, to hoard food and resources instead of living in harmony with nature. Interpreted in this way, the Cain and Abel story is an allegory Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corpor

Chapter 10 Quotes

FRIENDS OF ISHMAEL: another friend has lost contact. Please call and tell me where he is.

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Rachel Sokolow, Ishmael
Page Number and Citation: 193
Explanation and Analysis:
The Narrator is surprised and shocked to learn that Ishmael has been moved out of the warehouse where he was being kept—he may have been sold to another owner. In order to track down Ishmael, continue his lessons, and potentially free him, the Narrator now places an ad in the newspaper, asking anyone who's met Ishmael to help the Narrator find him.The Narrator's newspaper ad suggests a couple things. First, the fact that the Narrator is placing an ad in the newspaper at all means that he's finally beginning to live Ishmael's lessons instead of merely nodding his head at Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accu

Incredible as it may seem to you, I would rather live this way than on anyone’s largess, even yours.

Related Characters: Ishmael (speaker), Narrator
Page Number and Citation: 196
Explanation and Analysis:
As the Narrator spends more time with Ishmael, their relationship becomes more complicated. After the Narrator tries to track down Ishmael, he's shaken to find that Ishmael is living at a carnival. Even more strangely, Ishmael claims that he doesn't want the Narrator to buy him and free him—he prefers living in a cage to living on someone else's dime.Ishmael's quotation could be interpreted as irritable and stubborn, and it is. Ishmael is annoyed with the Narrator for neglecting his lessons for multiple weeks, especially because it was during this time that Ishmael was sold and moved. Ishmael's claim is Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimo

Chapter 11 Quotes

“All the same, Bwana, what are we to do with this food if we don’t need it?”

“You save it! You save it to thwart the gods when they decide it’s your turn to go hungry. You save it so that when they send a drought, you can say, ‘Not me, goddamn it I’m not going hungry, and there’s nothing you can do about it, because my life is in my own hands now!’”

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Ishmael (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 227
Explanation and Analysis:
In the dramatic (and intellectual) climax of the novel, the Narrator realizes why the Takers choose to live their lives the way they do. As Ishmael goads him, the Narrator begins to see that the Takers' goal is to "thwart the gods," which are understood as nature, nature's laws, natural disasters, etc. In order to prove that they're strong and self-sufficient, the Takers choose to hoard food, water, and supplies, so that they can survive any disaster nature throws their way. In doing so, the Takers distinguish themselves from all other forms of life. As we've already seen, other animals Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum.

Chapter 12 Quotes

“The premise of the Taker story is that the world belongs to man.” I thought for a couple of minutes, then I laughed. “It’s almost too neat. The premise of the Leaver story is man belongs to the world.”

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Ishmael
Page Number and Citation: 239
Explanation and Analysis:
In this interesting quotation, the Narrator reduces everything he's learned about human civilization in the last 200 pages to a single, symmetrical sentence ("The premise of the Taker story ..."). As simple as it seems, a huge amount of knowledge and wisdom is crammed into this sentence. As Ishmael has shown, the Takers—really, most human civilization—accumulate the planet's resources in the delusion that these resources are limitless. Leavers, on the other hand, try to live in harmony with nature, knowing that this is the only way to survive.The fact that the Narrator can sum up his knowledge so clearly and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatib

“All along, I’ve been saying to myself, ‘Yes, this is all very interesting, but what good is it? This isn’t going to change anything!”
“And now?”
“This is what we need. Not just stopping things, Not just less of things. People need something positive to work for. They need a vision of something that ... I don’t know. Something that…”
“I think what you’re groping for is that people need more than to be scolded, more than to be made to feel stupid and guilty. They need more than a vision of doom. They need a vision of the world and of themselves that inspires them.”

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Ishmael
Page Number and Citation: 243-244
Explanation and Analysis:
In this section, Ishmael and the Narrator lay out their vision for the future of the human race. At the same time, they're basically summarizing the structure of Ishmael itself. The novel began with, one could say, Ishmael scolding humanity for its problems—its greed, its cynicism, its reliance on drugs and other substances. Over the course of the book, however, the Narrator has learned how to study mankind's fundamental problems. But much more importantly, he's learned a true alternative to civilization: the way of the Leavers. Instead of selfishly claiming that mankind will dominate the planet, the Leavers accept that Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ips

I shook my head. “I’m afraid it’s a cause to which almost all of humanity will subscribe. White or colored, male or female, what the people of this culture want is to have as much wealth and power in the Taker prison as they can get. They don’t give a damn that it’s a prison and they don’t give a damn that it’s destroying the world.”
Ishmael shrugged. “As always, you’re a pessimist. Perhaps you’re right. I hope you’re wrong.”
”I hope so too, believe me.”

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Ishmael (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 253
Explanation and Analysis:
Ishmael and the Narrator discuss the future of radicalism in human civilization. The Narrator's conclusions are heavily pessimistic. He believes that there will always be people who want to make the world a better place—and yet these people, in spite of their good intentions, aren't really getting to the "root cause" of society's problems. The Narrator's remarks tie in with his thoughts about the failures of radicalism in the 1960s.As the Narrator sees it, political revolutionaries like Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Harvey Milk, Gloria Steinem, etc., wanted to give a certain group of people (African Americans, homosexuals, women) Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque e

Chapter 13 Quotes

WITH GORILLA GONE, WILL THERE BE HOPE FOR MAN?

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Ishmael
Page Number and Citation: 263
Explanation and Analysis:
After Ishmael's tragic death, The Narrator sorts through Ishmael's possessions and posters, and comes across a poster featuring yet anothercryptic question: "with gorilla gone, will there be hope for man?"In order to understand this question fully, it's important to compare it with the question posed earlier in the novel: "with man gone, will there be hope for gorilla?" As with that earlier question, it's best to interpret the quote in multiple ways, recognizing that no one interpretation is the whole story:1) By itself, the question is incomplete: we should combine it with the previous question ("With man gone, will there Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi soluta perspiciatis. Ut minima autem. Modi omnis iure. Sint qui qui. Qui similique praesentium. Ex consequatur magnam. Aliquid iste enim. Sequi aut maxime. Adipisci voluptate et. Voluptas suscipit alias. In et eveniet. Eaque et repellendus. Dolores aut voluptatibus. Voluptatem qui voluptatum. Voluptatibus sed placeat. Aut tenetur autem. Fugit voluptates in. Quidem impedit sunt. Excepturi ullam nobis. Ducimus odio quo. Ut autem harum. Omnis vel voluptatum. Assumenda offi
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Ishmael Character Timeline in Ishmael

The timeline below shows where the character Ishmael appears in Ishmael. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Chapter 1
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...man standing outside his cage. The old man said, “You are not Goliath. You are Ishmael,” and walked away. The gorilla—now calling himself Ishmael—considered the old man a god, even though... (full context)
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Ishmael later discovered that the old man’s name was Walter Sokolow. Sokolow was a wealthy Jewish... (full context)
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After only a few weeks, it became clear to Sokolow that Ishmael was highly intelligent. Sokolow was talking to himself, mourning the loss of his family, when... (full context)
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...to marry this woman, but he decided not to tell her about his communication with Ishmael. Thus, the woman couldn’t understand why Sokolow spent so much time visiting Ishmael. She frequently... (full context)
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After Rachel was born, Sokolow proposed that Ishmael be her mentor and tutor. Ishmael was delighted with this proposal, and began to spend... (full context)
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When Sokolow died in 1985, Rachel became Ishmael’s benefactor. She moved Ishmael to a “retreat,” where Ishmael was very comfortable, but not content.... (full context)
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The narrator, who has been listening all this time, asks Ishmael if he has taught many pupils. Ishmael replies that he has had four pupils, all... (full context)
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Ishmael next asks the narrator to explain what has brought him to Ishmael. The narrator thinks,... (full context)
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Ishmael asks the narrator if he feels like the Aryan in his story—if he thinks he’s... (full context)
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The next day, the narrator wakes up and wonders if his visit to Ishmael’s cage has been a dream. He travels back to the building, and finds Ishmael waiting... (full context)
Chapter 2
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Ishmael proceeds with his first lesson for the narrator. He points out that the narrator, like... (full context)
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Ishmael brings up an important concept: Mother Culture. Mother Culture is the voice in the narrator’s... (full context)
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Ishmael goes through some terminology before he gets any further into his teaching. Ishmael will divide... (full context)
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Ishmael next tells the narrator that the journey of education will be more important than the... (full context)
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Ishmael next defines some of his terms. A “story” is a scenario about god, man, and... (full context)
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Ishmael outlines the basic story of the narrator’s culture. History begins with the Leavers, a highly... (full context)
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Ishmael tells the narrator that the lesson is essentially over for the day. He says that... (full context)
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Ishmael insists that the narrator’s culture has a story, and moreover, a story with a beginning,... (full context)
Chapter 3
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The next day, when the narrator arrives at Ishmael’s room, he sees an object sitting in his chair: a tape recorder. Ishmael instructs the... (full context)
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In response to the story the narrator has told, Ishmael looks amused. This story is clearly a fiction: to illustrate this, Ishmael tells the narrator... (full context)
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The narrator sees what Ishmael is getting at with his story: his culture sees the emergence of humanity as the... (full context)
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Ishmael tells the narrator that everyone in the world—whether religious or atheistic—believes in at least this... (full context)
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The lesson concludes with a discussion of blame. Ishmael points out that the notion that the world was made for humans is a way... (full context)
Chapter 4
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The next day, Ishmael and the narrator meet to discuss the rest of the story of culture. The narrator... (full context)
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Ishmael is impressed with the narrator’s work: he agrees that agriculture represented the beginning of the... (full context)
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To answer his own question, Ishmael asks the narrator to imagine life without man. The narrator does so, and finds that... (full context)
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Ishmael goes on with the lesson. Mankind didn’t immediately develop agriculture: on the contrary, there were... (full context)
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As the lesson draws to a close, Ishmael brings up the concept of a bargain or a contract. The myth that mankind was... (full context)
Chapter 5
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The next day, Ishmael begins the lesson with a summary of the narrator’s progress so far: he’s identified the... (full context)
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Ishmael is pleased with the narrator’s work: the narrator, he says, has identified the “end” of... (full context)
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Ishmael asks the narrator to identify the reason that mankind’s conquest of the Earth never results... (full context)
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Ishmael clarifies his point—there is nothing fundamentally good or evil about human beings. Humans have long... (full context)
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Ishmael points out a peculiar quality of the Takers: their dependence on prophets. All Taker culture... (full context)
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Ishmael suggests that the prominence of prophets in Taker culture points to an acknowledgment that the... (full context)
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Ishmael reviews what he and the narrator have discussed. Takers have created a depressing mythology for... (full context)
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Ishmael tells the narrator that tomorrow they’ll investigate if there are other models of how to... (full context)
Chapter 6
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The narrator arrives at Ishmael’s building the next day. Ishmael seems amused with the narrator, who is feeling nervous about... (full context)
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Ishmael begins by proposing that humans don’t need prophets to live, contrary to the beliefs of... (full context)
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Ishmael suggests that humans must look for the laws of how to live by studying life... (full context)
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Ishmael makes an analogy between the laws of gravity and the laws of how to live.... (full context)
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Ishmael details three “humiliations” that mankind has endured. The first humiliation was the discovery that the... (full context)
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Ishmael makes another analogy between Takers and pilots of the past. If a pilot were to... (full context)
Chapter 7
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Ishmael poses a thought experiment to the narrator: there is a society that appears perfect in... (full context)
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Ishmael reveals to the narrator that the thought experiment he outlined isn’t an experiment at all:... (full context)
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Ishmael finishes his point: for millions of years, all life on Earth obeyed the cyclical laws... (full context)
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Ishmael dismisses the narrator, telling him to return when he’s discovered the fundamental laws that govern... (full context)
Chapter 8
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...takes four days to find the law of the community of life. He walks into Ishmael’s building, rehearsing what he’s going to tell Ishmael. He also notes that it was important... (full context)
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In Ishmael’s room the narrator dives into explaining the law of life. As an outline, he proposes... (full context)
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...result being that animals no longer have access to the food they need to survive. Ishmael nods in agreement. (full context)
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...a second gazelle for tomorrow—humans, on the other hand, store up food for the future. Ishmael disagrees with this notion: he points out that animals ­do store food: they store it... (full context)
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Ishmael sums up the narrator’s observations into one remark: “You may compete, but you may not... (full context)
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Ishmael asks the narrator what happens when one species breaks the law of life. The narrator... (full context)
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...of something else—agriculture breaks the laws of life by waging war on rival life forms. Ishmael objects, however, saying that this is only the narrow Taker definition of agriculture. It is... (full context)
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Ishmael asks the narrator to sum up what they’ve discussed so far. The narrator realizes that... (full context)
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The narrator raises an objection to the laws of nature that he and Ishmael have been discussing—he says it’s possible to be a Taker and also limit expansion. Ishmael... (full context)
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...narrator suggests that birth control might be used to fight the problem of population growth. Ishmael points out that birth control has never resulted in successful population control—it’s always being discussed... (full context)
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Ishmael points to a book lying on a desk behind the narrator: The American Heritage Book... (full context)
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Ishmael returns to the subject of laws. A week ago, he reminds the narrator, the narrator... (full context)
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Ishmael goes on to describe the flaws in Taker culture. Takers believe that humans are special... (full context)
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There is nothing inherently better about the Leavers than the Takers, Ishmael concludes. African Bushmen, Native American Navajo, Brazilian Kreen-Akrore, and other Leaver cultures are happier and... (full context)
Chapter 9
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When the narrator returns the next day, he’s surprised to see Ishmael waiting for him on the other side of the glass window (the narrator’s side now),... (full context)
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Ishmael begins the lessons by drawing a simple diagram. The diagram shows the timeline of human... (full context)
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Ishmael moves on with the lesson. About 2,000 years ago, he says, the Takers began to... (full context)
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Ishmael explains that Takers believe that they have a special knowledge of how to rule the... (full context)
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Ishmael tells a story about man and the gods. The gods created a vast, complicated world,... (full context)
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Eventually, Ishmael continues, the gods found a way to rule their world. They found a Tree of... (full context)
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Ishmael continues with his story. One day, a creature named Adam was born in the gods’... (full context)
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The narrator has been listening to Ishmael’s story, fascinated. He notices a Bible sitting on a shelf behind him, and opens the... (full context)
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Ishmael makes an important clarification: the Takers don’t have a monopoly on agriculture. There were, and... (full context)
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Ishmael asks the narrator where the story of the Fall comes from. While the authors of... (full context)
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Ishmael draws the narrator a map, showing the Arabian Peninsula at the dawn of the Agricultural... (full context)
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Ishmael makes his point: the Biblical story of Cain and Abel is a thinly veiled metaphor... (full context)
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...wander the Earth, so the Caucasians, since defeating the Semites, have spread across the globe. Ishmael seems strangely indifferent to this information. He concludes that the Semites’ story of Cain and... (full context)
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Ishmael goes on to explain how the Takers took up the Leavers’ version of history. In... (full context)
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The narrator asks Ishmael where Eve figures in to the story of the Fall. Ishmael replies that Eve’s name... (full context)
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Together, Ishmael and the narrator sum up what they’ve found. The Adam and Eve story, quite simply,... (full context)
Chapter 10
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...departs, the narrator finds that he has work to do, and so he doesn’t see Ishmael for another two days. As the narrator works, he feels a sense of dread that... (full context)
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...a result of his dentist appointment, the narrator misses another day of his lessons with Ishmael. (full context)
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The narrator returns to Ishmael’s building after nearly a week away, and is surprised to find workers clearing out the... (full context)
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Determined to find Ishmael, the narrator looks through the phone book for the last name “Sokolow.” He finds the... (full context)
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In order to find Ishmael, the narrator places an ad in the paper, appealing to “friends of Ishmael.” No one... (full context)
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The narrator approaches Ishmael, who merely looks at him in silence. The narrator asks Ishmael why he didn’t try... (full context)
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The narrator, relieved to be talking to Ishmael once again, asks Ishmael how they’ll communicate from now on. Even as he says this,... (full context)
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...a few hours. The “bribee” sneers, but accepts the bribe, and leads the narrator to Ishmael. (full context)
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The narrator asks Ishmael, point-blank, what the next lesson will be. In response, Ishmael asks the narrator to define... (full context)
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Ishmael points out a strange contradiction in Taker society. Takers want to look forward to the... (full context)
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Ishmael agrees with the distinction the narrator is trying to make. Leaver societies, he suggests, rely... (full context)
Chapter 11
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The next day, the narrator returns to the carnival to find Ishmael. It is raining, and the narrator has brought three warm blankets—one for himself, and two... (full context)
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Ishmael mentions the story of the Leavers—a story that Ishmael had promised to tell the narrator... (full context)
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Ishmael next asks the narrator how mankind became mankind. The narrator is unsure how to answer... (full context)
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Ishmael asks the narrator about the plains Indians, the fiercest opponents of the American settlers in... (full context)
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Ishmael asks the narrator if the Agricultural Revolution was “necessary.” The narrator responds that it was... (full context)
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...primitive man is running as fast as he can, frantically searching for food and shelter. Ishmael points out that this image—as the narrator well knows—is nonsense: Leavers are every bit as... (full context)
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Ishmael proposes an exercise: he will play the role of a Leaver, while the narrator will... (full context)
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Ishmael and “Bwana” (the narrator) continue with their exercise. Ishmael asks “Bwana” what the problem with... (full context)
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Ishmael ends the exercise, and tells the narrator that he’s made great progress. The goal of... (full context)
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Ishmael then quotes Jesus Christ: “Have no care for tomorrow.” But only a few people in... (full context)
Chapter 12
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After the latest lesson, the narrator leaves Ishmael to find Ishmael’s owner. He tells the owner, a man named Art Owens, that he’s... (full context)
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On Friday night, the narrator returns to the carnival. After bribing the bribee, he greets Ishmael, eager for another lesson. Ishmael asks the narrator to come back tomorrow, but the narrator... (full context)
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Ishmael asks the narrator how the Leavers live. When the narrator is unsure how to respond,... (full context)
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Ishmael asks the narrator to sum up the story of the Leavers. After some thought, the... (full context)
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Ishmael and the narrator turn to the problem of how to live like a Leaver in... (full context)
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Ishmael suggests that aspiring Leavers like the narrator have a powerful source of inspiration: the collapse... (full context)
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The narrator is not satisfied with the example of the Soviet Union. He asks Ishmael for a “program” for how to be a Leaver. Ishmael tells the narrator that Leavers... (full context)
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Ishmael brings up a small point he’s been neglecting. One of his former pupils was an... (full context)
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Ishmael continues discussing prisons. The prison of Taker culture, he argues, cannot be escaped by anyone,... (full context)
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Ishmael sighs and stares at the narrator. He tells the narrator that he’s finished with him,... (full context)
Chapter 13
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...gets 2,400 dollars out of the bank—all of his money. He is planning to buy Ishmael and drive him away, but he has no idea where. (full context)
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...that the carnival has moved on. He notices the bribee, who tells the narrator that Ishmael died of pneumonia over the weekend. The narrator, shocked to hear this, realizes that Ishmael... (full context)
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...calls the Sokolow household. Partridge, the butler, answers the phone. The narrator informs him that Ishmael is dead, and that he and Partridge could have saved him. Partridge asks the narrator... (full context)
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The narrator looks over Ishmael’s books and papers, and notices the poster saying, “WITH MAN GONE, WILL THERE BE HOPE... (full context)