James

James

by Percival Everett

Daniel Decatur Emmett Character Analysis

Daniel Decatur Emmett is a historical figure, a musician and composer who founded the first blackface minstrel troupe, the Virginia Minstrels. His songs are written in what Emmett perceives as Black dialect, making use of incorrect grammar and simplistic themes that romanticize Black lives of enslavement. In the novel, Emmett hears Jim singing for Wiley and pays 200 dollars to “hire” him as the troupe’s tenor. Emmett claims he is morally opposed to slavery and insists that he has employed Jim rather than purchasing him. Nevertheless, he demands that Jim work for him long enough to pay him back, effectively making Jim an indentured servant. When Jim runs away with Emmett’s songbook, Emmett reacts with a racist tirade, proving that he does not actually view Black people as human beings.

Daniel Decatur Emmett Quotes in James

The James quotes below are all either spoken by Daniel Decatur Emmett or refer to Daniel Decatur Emmett. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
).

Part 1, Chapter 30 Quotes

I made eye contact with a couple of people in the crowd and the way they looked at me was different from any contact I had ever had with white people. They were open to me, but what I saw, looking into them, was hardly impressive. They sought to share this moment of mocking me, mocking darkies, laughing at the poor slaves, with joyful, spirited clapping and stomping. I looked at one woman who might have been intrigued by me or taken with me, the entertainer. I saw the surface of her, merely the outer shell, and realized that she was mere surface all the way to her core.

Related Characters: James (Jim) (speaker), Daniel Decatur Emmett, Polly
Page Number and Citation: 171
Explanation and Analysis:

Slaves didn’t have the luxury of anxiety, but at that moment, I had felt anxiety. Slaves didn’t have the luxury of anger toward a white man, but I had felt anger. The anger was a good bad feeling. In addition, my feelings about Daniel Emmett were complicated, confused. He bought me, yes, but reportedly not to own me, though he expected something from me—my voice, he claimed. I wondered what he would do if I tried to leave. In my head I could hear him shouting, “But I paid two hundred dollars for you.” A man who refused to own slaves but was not opposed to others owning slaves was still a slaver, to my thinking.

Related Characters: James (Jim) (speaker), Daniel Decatur Emmett, Polly’s Father
Page Number and Citation: 176
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 2, Chapter 8 Quotes

Massa Corey bring me cone bread,
Hoo Ya Hoo Ya!
Massa Corey bring me cone bread,
He makes da boat go.

I opened an eye and watched him awhile, then shut it again because I did not like the sight. Unfortunately, neither I nor the engine’s roar could block out the sound of his dreadful singing.

[…]

I imagined Norman upstairs, nervous, but perhaps physically comfortable, not hot and covered with soot, but no doubt more frightened than I was, more lost. I wondered if he was angry. I wondered if I had ever not been angry.

Related Characters: James (Jim) (speaker), Brock, Norman, Daniel Decatur Emmett
Page Number and Citation: 241
Explanation and Analysis:
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Daniel Decatur Emmett Character Timeline in James

The timeline below shows where the character Daniel Decatur Emmett appears in James. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
The Notebook of Daniel Decatur Emmett
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
Identity, Narrative, and Agency Theme Icon
Racism, Dehumanization, and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
The novel opens with a selection of songs from the notebook of Daniel Decatur Emmett, a composer who founded the first troupe of blackface minstrel performers in the 1840s. These... (full context)
Part 1, Chapter 26
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
Identity, Narrative, and Agency Theme Icon
Racism, Dehumanization, and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
...in matching dark suits. They introduce themselves as the Virginia Minstrels, led by Daniel Decatur Emmett. (full context)
Part 1, Chapter 27
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
Identity, Narrative, and Agency Theme Icon
Racism, Dehumanization, and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
Daniel Decatur Emmett introduces himself and his company to Wiley as musicians. They are performing at the town... (full context)
Part 1, Chapter 28
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
Racism, Dehumanization, and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
Innocence vs. Disillusionment Theme Icon
Family, Alliance, and Loyalty Theme Icon
...him in an approximation of slave dialect, as if he is practicing. Confused, Jim asks Emmett what work he wants him to do. Emmett claims that he has hired Jim—instead of... (full context)
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
Racism, Dehumanization, and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
Innocence vs. Disillusionment Theme Icon
...of slave diction, and Jim sings along with the chorus. He does not believe that Emmett has hired him, as he witnessed Wiley sign a bill of sale. Another man gives... (full context)
Part 1, Chapter 29
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
Identity, Narrative, and Agency Theme Icon
Racism, Dehumanization, and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
Innocence vs. Disillusionment Theme Icon
Family, Alliance, and Loyalty Theme Icon
...wants to return to Virginia and buy his wife from her enslaver. Jim wonders if Emmett will pay him too. Norman says the musician has never knowingly hired a Black man... (full context)
Part 1, Chapter 30
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
Racism, Dehumanization, and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
...as he and the other men march down the town’s main street, singing along to Emmett’s songs. Appearing to the gathered townsfolk as a white man painted Black, Jim finds the... (full context)
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
Identity, Narrative, and Agency Theme Icon
Family, Alliance, and Loyalty Theme Icon
...taking up with “show-bizness folks.” He is amazed by the authenticity of Jim’s hair, which Emmett claims is a wig. Polly’s father tells Emmett that none of them could pass for... (full context)
Part 1, Chapter 31
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
Racism, Dehumanization, and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
...father in the tent, repeating that he just wanted to touch Jim’s wig once more. Emmett appears, equally alarmed. Polly’s father asks why Jim sleeps in makeup and his wig when... (full context)
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
Racism, Dehumanization, and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
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Emmett orders everyone to pack up, worried Polly’s father will return. He apologizes to Jim, which... (full context)
Part 1, Chapter 32
Identity, Narrative, and Agency Theme Icon
Racism, Dehumanization, and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
Family, Alliance, and Loyalty Theme Icon
...in a logging town, where slaves work while white men holding whips stand around chatting. Emmett leaves to set up a performance. Jim asks Big Mike if Emmett is a good... (full context)
Part 2, Chapter 1
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
Identity, Narrative, and Agency Theme Icon
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...catches up with Jim in the woods, unable to stand the minstrels any longer. When Emmett discovered Jim gone, Norman says, he started cursing Black people like any other enslaver. While... (full context)
Part 2, Chapter 3
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...the sawmill owner. After a brief rest, Norman discovers Jim writing with his pencil in Emmett’s notebook. Jim considers tearing out the musician’s songs, but knowing they would still exist makes... (full context)
Part 2, Chapter 7
Identity, Narrative, and Agency Theme Icon
Family, Alliance, and Loyalty Theme Icon
Jim and Norman move into the brush for warmth and sleep. Jim wakes to find Emmett’s notebook on his chest, soaked but safe. Jim cannot stop thinking about Sammy. He tells... (full context)
Part 2, Chapter 8
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
Identity, Narrative, and Agency Theme Icon
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...found, provoking Brock’s scrutiny. He shovels coal with increased fervor as the two men talk. Emmett is on the boat, and Norman thinks the trombonist Cassidy may have recognized him. The... (full context)
Part 3, Chapter 2
Speech, Performance, and Willful Ignorance Theme Icon
Identity, Narrative, and Agency Theme Icon
Innocence vs. Disillusionment Theme Icon
Family, Alliance, and Loyalty Theme Icon
...his Black form, unattended by a white person, and assume he is robbing dead bodies. Emmett is on the beach and shouts that Jim is robbing him again. Only when Jim... (full context)