Jurassic Park

Jurassic Park

by

Michael Crichton

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Jurassic Park: Sixth Iteration: Return Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Grant, Lex, and Tim race through the underground tunnel in the electric car, carrying the tranquilized juvenile male raptor with them. Grant wants to preserve it as evidence of wild breeding. Lex shines the flashlight on Grant’s watch to reveal the time—10:15 in the morning. They only have 45 minutes until the supply ship, with its raptor stowaways, arrives on the mainland. Finally, the tunnel disgorges them in front of the visitor center garage. In the garage, they find animal cages in which they stash the raptor before entering the lobby. The “When Dinosaurs Ruled the World” sign hangs askew, creaking in the wind. Grant takes a radio from the body of a dead guard, and, in a moment, he contacts Ellie and the others in the lodge.
Reminding readers that a person’s field of vision is limited, Grant and the children don’t know about the chaos in the visitor center. More importantly, no one in the control room knows about the raptors on the boat to the mainland. The island, it turns out, isn’t as closed off from the rest of the world as it first seemed, and the chaos in the park threatens to spill over to the mainland.
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Ellie tells Grant that two raptors have climbed to the roof and are chewing through the steel bars on the skylight above the room where she, Malcolm, Hammond, Wu, and Muldoon are sheltering. They only need a few minutes more to break through and get inside. Ellie and the others confer about their options. They need to create a distraction to keep the raptors occupied long enough for Grant to reach the maintenance building and restart the auxiliary generator. Malcolm and Muldoon both have injuries, and they can’t risk Wu—the only person left who knows the computer system—as bait. Ellie laces her shoes and heads for the door.
The deadly, intelligent raptors provide the ultimate example of the dangers of unchecked, thoughtless scientific and technological experimentation.  As they prepare to break through the bars and destroy their creators, they offer a pointed reminder that, deprived of the benefit of their advanced technologies, humans are uniquely weak and vulnerable to many animals they consider inferior.
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In the visitor center, Grant receives word from Wu. He should wait five minutes and then try to reach the maintenance building. Once he’s there, Wu will talk him through restarting the generator. Grant wants Tim and Lex to stay in the visitor center; because Lex complains of hunger, he directs them to shelter in the cafeteria. Without power, the cafeteria and kitchen lie in almost complete darkness, but Tim still has the night-vision goggles. Leading his sister by the hand, Tim heads for the kitchen to look for the ice cream she wants.
The dark cafeteria reinforces the book’s claim that limited vision and lack of insight render human beings individually and collectively vulnerable to the powerful forces of nature. Tim can pierce the darkness literally with his night-vision goggles, but the book gives him this tool in part because it idealizes his unbiased, unblinkered child’s vision as opposed to the shortsightedness of the park creators.
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At the lodge, Ellie and Muldoon cautiously walk up to the exterior fence. Ellie shouts and bangs on the bars; no raptors appear through the mist. Finally, banking on their intelligence, she decides to open the gate as loudly as possible and walk a few yards beyond its protection. This idea distresses Muldoon, but he can’t dissuade her. Although she’s waiting for the attack, she’s still surprised when the animals charge at her in perfect formation. With speed and luck, she manages to dodge them and run back into the protection of the fence. The raptors snarl and jump at the fence, so she and Muldoon decide to stay outside and keep them distracted long enough for Grant to find the door to the shed, still propped open with a shoe.
The raptors’ intelligence and collective action make them nearly the equal of the human survivors in terms of ingenuity. In addition, they have the benefit in terms of size, agility, speed, and razor-sharp teeth and claws. Absent technological advantages like electricity or military-grade rockets, the dinosaurs easily outmatch their human prey. InGen’s research on the island has been reckless and dangerous, and the very existence of the raptors argues for the necessity of oversight and regulation of emerging technologies.
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In Malcolm’s room, Wu can still see two raptors on the skylight, but the noise of their fellows outside the fence draws their attention away from the bars. He watches through the window as Ellie jogs along the fence and he realizes that the trio of raptors outside aren’t seriously trying to get in any longer. They’re smart enough to realize they can’t, but they continue to harass their prey. When Grant’s voice crackles over the radio, Wu carefully guides him through the building and the process of restarting the auxiliary generator. After a few tense minutes, they succeed, but as soon as Wu tells Grant that he has to go back to the control room to restart the main generator, Grant’s radio goes dead.
Wu watches the raptors’ behavior and realizes it has changed, but he’s a geneticist, not a biologist. His lack of expertise means that he realizes the meaning of what he's seeing only slowly. And yet again, the park operators’ overconfident reliance on technology to keep the park running smoothly proves naïve when Wu loses radio contact with Grant. Technology only gives humans the illusion of control over nature when it’s working. When it fails, people must face the reality that they are subject to the world’s chaos.
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In the kitchen, Tim finds several refrigerators, all fully stocked with staples like vegetables, steaks, and milk, before he locates the freezer. As he opens the door, Lex frantically whispers, “something’s here,” and when he steps back into the kitchen, he can hear a hissing sound. He creeps to the kitchen doors and looks through their windows to see a velociraptor stalking through the dining room. Meanwhile, as Grant retraces his steps through the maintenance shed, he hears someone shouting over the noise of the generator. Following the sounds, he finds Gennaro, hiding inside a truck covered with compys.
The well-stocked kitchens remind readers yet again, in this moment where the survivors face extreme danger from the escaped dinosaurs, that the island was meant to be an amusement park—and one that was going to open to the public very soon. The scale of disaster that InGen’s arrogance, denial, and insufficient insight caused could have been so much larger.
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Back in the kitchen, Tim watches the velociraptor follow their scent towards the kitchen. The books all say that dinosaurs have a terrible sense of smell, but what do they know? Only the people on the island have ever encountered a living one. Tim pulls a stack of steaks from the fridge and lays them out on the floor. When the dinosaur opens the door with its claws, it quickly finds the meat. It follows the steaks to the freezer door, where it hesitates momentarily due to the cold. But then it takes the bait and goes inside. Tim rushes to slam the door shut. The raptor throws its body against the door; if it hits the interior handle, the door will open. But just in time, Lex helps him lock the door from the outside. They have trapped the dinosaur.
The guests have been on the island for less than 72 hours, but their knowledge of dinosaur physiology and behavior has grown exponentially over that time. Tim realizes that he—and everyone else—knows next to nothing. His “knowledge” about dinosaurs  turns out to be little better than guesswork.
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Grant leads Gennaro out of the maintenance shed. Gennaro describes fighting off the raptor; he assumes it was the one that Muldoon had injured. He doesn’t know what happened after he fended the creature off. It could be inside or outside the building, dead or alive.
As Grant and Gennaro compare notes, they—like Tim—must face the reality of their own ignorance about the raptors.  
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At the lodge, Wu grows increasingly uneasy watching the raptors mock-attacking the fence. He hasn’t paid much attention to dinosaur behavior previously since he can’t predict or control for it. His lack of insight into ancient dinosaur behavior limits his ability to change it via genetic modification. Secretly, he’s proud at the evidence of wild breeding, since it means that he put the dinosaurs together correctly. Slowly, he realizes that the raptors—such intelligent creatures—seem to be staging a diversion to keep Ellie’s and Muldoon’s attention. And when Dr. Harding informs him that the two raptors on the roof abandoned the skylight, he hurries to call Ellie and Muldoon inside.
As the park unravels, Wu increasingly reflects on his own blind spots—like dinosaur behavior. From a genetic standpoint, this lack of interest makes sense. But, in the context of an amusement park, the behavior of the dinosaurs—more than their physiological accuracy—carries a lot more weight. Wu might have done an excellent job recreating the raptors, but their behavior suggests that doing so was a terrible mistake. And even when he sees the shift in their behavior—from attacking to toying with Ellie—his insight arrives too late to prevent danger.
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Quotes
But Wu arrives too late. He’s trying to convince Ellie to come inside when one of the skylight raptors jumps on him from the roof. Muldoon runs inside and slams the front door, while the raptors disembowel and begin to eat the unfortunate Dr. Wu. As Ellie takes off around the corner of the building, Muldoon watches through the window while the three raptors outside the fence head towards the visitor center. In the fog, they run right past Gennaro and Grant.
Like Arnold, Wu ultimately becomes the victim of his choices in creating the park, which were driven by his lack of insight and his greed and pride. Of the park creators who demonstrated insufficient humility and respect for nature, only Hammond now remains. Readers know that the three raptors are likely heading toward the visitor center due to the distress of their compatriot, trapped in the freezer by Tim. But, to the survivors on the ground, with their limited insight, the dinosaurs’ behavior seems mysterious, almost random.
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Ellie, feeling euphoric from adrenaline, rounds the corner and easily climbs up a tree to the lodge roof. She has a short head start while the raptors finish eating Wu, but soon enough they follow her up the tree and onto the roof. She heads for the roof access door, but it’s locked from the inside. She is trapped on the roof, and the only way down is to jump into the pool below. She worries about missing and hitting the concrete pool deck, but after second’s hesitation, she jumps. She expects the dinosaurs to follow her, but luckily Dr. Harding unlocks and opens the access door on the roof at just that moment,   distracting them long enough for her to climb from the pool and run inside through the main doors.
Ellie runs into chaos—defined in Malcolm’s terms as the amplification of tiny variables—twice in her successful escape from the raptors. First, she can’t get off the roof through the access door because it is locked; then she manages to scramble into the front door because Dr. Harding opens that same door from the inside, distracting the raptors just long enough. In both cases, we see how chaos and contingency affect life on earth as much—if not more—than deliberate human action.
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In the visitor center, Tim and Lex search for the control room, where Tim hopes to find a radio. The doors are closed and have key card readers, but with the power out, they are all unlocked. In the control room, they first find someone’s disembodied ear, then the computer program’s startup menu on the display screens, then finally a radio—which they squabble over. When Muldoon’s voice crackles over the airwaves demanding to know what’s going on, it startles Lex.
Tim and Lex provide another chaotic element—but one that works in the survivors’ favor—to the situation when they successfully make it into the control room.
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Outside, Grant and Gennaro crouch in the fog, watching the three raptors alternately listening to something and trying to get into the visitor center. Grant worries that they’re trying to get into the cafeteria, where he left the kids. Finally, one succeeds in jumping to a second-story balcony, gaining access to the building. Meanwhile, over the radio, Tim tells Muldoon that he’s made it to the control room. If someone will give him instructions, he’s confident that he can reboot the system. Unfortunately, Muldoon replies, everyone who knows the system has died. Tim decides to try on his own, despite Lex’s vote of no confidence in his abilities. Her concerns seem warranted when he’s unable to type in any commands, but then he realizes that the computers have touchscreens.
Yet again, Grant observes the dinosaurs exhibiting previously unknown potential. This emphasizes the gaps in human knowledge, and these gaps mean that the park project (as Malcolm has claimed) was always doomed to failure based on the innumerable instances of its operators’ ignorance. The process by which Tim ultimately figures out how to work the park’s computers shows the importance of careful observation—only by taking the time to look carefully at what’s in front of him and to identify patterns can Tim succeed in restoring power.
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Lex pokes at the screen, turning the cameras back on Images pop up on the control room’s monitors: fog and mist; Malcolm lying in his bed at the lodge; the supply ship approaching harbor on the mainland; raptors on the roof of the lodge, about to jump into Malcolm’s room. 
As Tim gets closer to restoring the park systems, Lex helpfully (and metaphorically) restores the control room’s sight by turning the video feeds back on. Unfortunately, they reveal a truly dire situation.
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