Kensuke’s Kingdom
by Michael Morpurgo

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Hardship, Survival, and Adventure Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Companionship vs. Isolation Theme Icon
Hardship, Survival, and Adventure Theme Icon
Coming of Age Theme Icon
Nature Theme Icon
Memory and Escapism Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Kensuke’s Kingdom, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Hardship, Survival, and Adventure Theme Icon
Hardship, Survival, and Adventure Theme Icon

Kensuke’s Kingdom follows the familiar story of a young boy who stumbles into an adventure after finding himself stranded on a desert island, but Michael is not the stereotypical heroic character who adapts well to––or even enjoys––a life of adventure. Though he learns and grows on the island, his lack of survival skills consistently puts his life in danger when he must navigate his adventure without help. At first, the adventure at the center of the narrative seems to be Michael’s family’s nautical expedition. He characterizes their voyage as an adventure, and he describes in detail the hardships they encounter: they face storms, hunger, and sickness, and the family dog, Stella Artois, falls overboard and nearly drowns. The emphasis Michael places on the difficulties of the voyage highlight his mixed feelings regarding leaving behind his comfortable life for a life of adventure. However, Michael’s expedition with his parents is only the prelude to his much more taxing adventure on the island, and even the hardships they experience do little to prepare him for his adventure on the island. Without his parents to look to for guidance, Michael struggles to survive. He explores the island, appreciating its beauty, but he quickly becomes desperate for food and water and has no idea how to find either. He and Stella only survive because Kensuke gives them resources. Michael’s lack of expertise again puts his life in danger when he goes swimming in jellyfish-infested waters. If not for Kensuke’s aid, Michael would likely have died from the jellyfish stings. Michael’s adventure on the island is also interrupted by multiple moments when Michael is especially homesick or hopeless, and he loses the will to explore or search the horizon for passing ships. Thanks to his parents’ guidance, Michael finds value in his family’s adventure, and Kensuke teaches him to appreciate their shared adventure on the island. Michael is an ordinary boy who doesn’t always appreciate or know how to survive the kinds of adventures that other adventure novels might romanticize. Rather than glamorizing the kind of adventure that Michael’s family undertakes or that Michael experiences on the island, then, the novel emphasizes that adventures can be exciting but are also dangerous and emotionally taxing. 

Related Themes from Other Texts
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Hardship, Survival, and Adventure ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Hardship, Survival, and Adventure appears in each chapter of Kensuke’s Kingdom. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Hardship, Survival, and Adventure Quotes in Kensuke’s Kingdom

Below you will find the important quotes in Kensuke’s Kingdom related to the theme of Hardship, Survival, and Adventure.

Chapter 1 Quotes

Everyone warned us against it. Grandma came visiting and stayed onboard. It was all quite ridiculous, she said, reckless, irresponsible. […] Icebergs, hurricanes, pirates, whales, supertankers, freak waves — she heaped up horror upon horror, thinking to frighten me and so frighten off my mother and father. She succeeded in terrifying me, all right, but I never showed it. What she didn’t understand was that we three were already bound together now by a common lunacy. We were going, and nothing and no one could stop us. We were doing what people do in fairy tales. We were going off to seek adventure.

Related Characters: Michael (speaker), Michael’s Mother, Michael’s Father
Page Number and Citation: 13
Explanation and Analysis:
When Michael and his family are preparing to set off on their marine adventure, they struggle to balance their expectations with their hopes. Michael is aware that his grandmother is right about the dangers that they might encounter, but despite how “terrifying” he finds those risks, he can’t help but imagine that the adventure will resemble one from “fairy tales.” Michael’s framing of the family’s trip as one in which they are “off to seek adventure” calls to mind classic adventure stories that romanticize these kinds of perilous voyages by painting the dangers implicit in them as exciting features of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possi

Stella Artois barked her farewells at them, and at every boat we passed in The Solent. But as we were sailing out past the Isle of Wight, she fell strangely quiet. Maybe she sensed, as we did, that there was no turning back now. This was not a dream. We were off around the world. It was real, really real.

Related Characters: Michael (speaker), Stella Artois, Michael’s Mother, Michael’s Father
Page Number and Citation: 17
Explanation and Analysis:
As Michael and his family set off on the Peggy Sue, the fantasy of sailing the world in a nautical adventure ceases to be a fantasy and becomes reality. The Solent that Michael refers to is a strait between mainland Britain and the Isle of Wight, and as the boat sails along the Solent, the family moves farther from their home. The family now must contend with their dreams of adventure colliding with the authentic conditions of life at sea, and Michael highlights the difficulty of reconciling those ideas by repeating “it was real, really real,” as if trying to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde e

Chapter 3 Quotes

Mom gets quite snappy with us sometimes when we don’t do things right. Dad doesn’t seem to mind, not out here, not at sea. He just winks at me and we forget about it. They play a lot of chess together, when it’s calm enough. Dad's winning so far, five games to three. Mom says it doesn't bother her, but it does. I can tell.

We only spent a couple of days in La Coruña. Mom slept a lot. She was really tired. Dad did some work on the rudder cable while we were there. He’s still not happy with it, though. We set off for the Azores two days ago.

Related Characters: Michael (speaker), Michael’s Mother, Michael’s Father
Page Number and Citation: 26
Explanation and Analysis:
This excerpt from Michael’s journal recounts the complicated family dynamics that play out aboard the Peggy Sue, which is another element to the adventure that the family did not anticipate when they were planning their voyage. Ultimately, the family loves each other. However, Michael and his parents are trapped with only each other for company in very close quarters, which makes petty squabbles seem more important since there is no way to escape them since they only stop on land a few days at a time. Michael’s experiences on the boat are more impactful than his explorations of foreign cities, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Vel

We passed south of an island called St. Helena a few days ago. No need to stop. Nothing much there, except it's the place where Napoléon was exiled. He died there. Lonely place to die. So, of course, I had to do a history project on Napoléon. […]

I saw a sail today, another yacht. We shouted Merry Christmas and waved, and Stella barked her head off, but they were too far away. When the sail disappeared, the sea felt suddenly very empty.

Related Characters: Michael (speaker), Michael’s Father, Michael’s Mother
Page Number and Citation: 31
Explanation and Analysis:
The isolation that Michael feels on the island is paralleled by the history he learns of Napoleon’s exile on St. Helena. His feeling of isolation is also emphasized by the distant yacht on the horizon. Michael’s parents are homeschooling him while they are at sea, and the fact that Michael has to continue his lessons while at sea is another way in which the book subtly undermines the wish fulfillment aspect that often appears in children’s adventure stories. The imagery of Napoleon alone on an island, always at risk of dying a lonely death, also foreshadows Michael’s impending status as Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Ac

Off Perth, Australia. Until today it has been nothing but empty ocean all the way from Africa. I love it more and more when it’s just us and Peggy Sue and the sea. We all do, I think. But then, when we sight land, we always get so excited. When we saw Australia for the first time, we hugged one another and jumped up and down. It’s like we’re the first sailors ever to discover it.

Related Characters: Michael (speaker), Michael’s Mother, Michael’s Father
Page Number and Citation: 35-36
Explanation and Analysis:
Though the family’s adventure has its challenges, it is still an exciting and fulfilling expedition. Being surrounded by “nothing but empty open” gives Michael a sense of freedom, and Michael’s willingness to speculate that his parents share his sentiments about sailing suggests that he feels close to them and understands them better as a result of their time together on the Peggy Sue. At the same time, they are thrilled to approach land, since it means not only that the family will have the opportunity to spend some time off the boat, but also that the goal of their mission Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventor

But I was happy to get back to the Peggy Sue. I missed her while I was gone, like I miss Eddie.

I’ve been sending him cards, funny animal cards, if I can find them. I sent him one of a wombat. I saw a wombat too, and hundreds of possums and tons of kangaroos. And they’ve got white cockatoos in Australia like we’ve got sparrows at home — millions of them.

But out here it’s gulls again. Wherever we’ve been in the world there’s always gulls.

Related Characters: Michael (speaker), Eddie
Page Number and Citation: 37
Explanation and Analysis:
Michael once again makes clear that the difficulty of his family’s adventure does not hinder his enjoyment of it. He loves sailing the world with his parents, and he misses life aboard the Peggy Sue when he gets the chance to briefly live an ostensibly more comfortable life with his Australian relatives. Nevertheless, Michael also misses his friends from home, and by extension, his old life in England, since Eddie repeatedly serves as a representation of the world Michael and his family left behind. Michael’s time abroad is shaped by the wildlife he encounters, which establishes the importance of nature Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit e

Chapter 4 Quotes

The sun was blazing down. I had not really felt the burning heat of it until then. I scanned the horizon. If there was a sail somewhere out there in the haze, I could not see it. And then it came to me that even if I were to see a sail, what could I do? I couldn’t light a fire. I had no matches. I knew about cavemen rubbing sticks together, but I had never tried it. I looked all round me now. Sea. Sea. Sea.

Nothing but sea on all sides. I was on an island. I was alone.

Related Characters: Michael (speaker), Kensuke
Page Number and Citation: 49
Explanation and Analysis:
Michael quickly stops enjoying the vastness of the open ocean when it stands between him and his family. No longer a symbol of freedom, the sea becomes an isolating force that traps him on an island, upon which Michael believes himself to be alone. He can barely fathom the horror of this and expresses it simply by repeating “Sea. Sea. Sea.” as he takes in the bare horizon. The worst risks of his family’s voyage have come true––Michael is shipwrecked on an island with no way to escape. Michael’s inability to start a fire without matches reveals that despite spending Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum

Chapter 6 Quotes

Until now, except for occasional gut-wrenching pangs of homesickness and loneliness, I had by and large managed to keep my spirits up. But not any-more. […] I felt more and more isolated, more and more wretched. In the end I decided not to go onto Watch Hill anymore, that it just was not worth it. Instead I stayed in my cave and curled up on my sleeping mat for long hours during the day. I lay there drowning in my misery, thinking of nothing but the hopelessness of it all, how I would never get off this island, how I would die here, and my mother and father would never even know what had happened to me. No one would, except the old man, the madman, my captor, my persecutor.

Related Characters: Michael (speaker), Kensuke
Page Number and Citation: 89-90
Explanation and Analysis:
Michael hits a low point as he remains trapped on the island with only the unfriendly Kensuke for company. Michael can’t light his beacon because it is soaked through and remains that way for days, and he can’t even find joy in swimming because Kensuke will now allow him to swim. Michael feels smothered by Kensuke’s rules, which Michael must follow because he depends on Kensuke to survive. He can find no excitement from exploring the island because Kensuke has limited where Michael is allowed to go, so Michael can only wallow in his own despair. Michael quickly falls into Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. A