Lullaby

by Leslie Marmon Silko

Ayah Character Analysis

Ayah is an elderly Navajo woman living in New Mexico. She is married to Chato and is the mother of Jimmie, Danny, and Ella, though she has had other children who remain unnamed. All of Ayah’s children have been lost in some manner; Jimmie died in war, Danny and Ella were taken by white doctors, and the rest died young. In her youth, Ayah spent much of her time in her community with other Navajo women, such as her mother and grandmother, who taught her to weave and helped her through early experiences of childbirth. In the present, Ayah’s only remaining family member is Chato, and though they have been married for 40 years, he often feels like a stranger to her. Ayah spends much of the story rehashing a number of memories, recalling the losses of her children with sorrow and bittersweet comfort. Her role as mother, so critical to her identity, has been taken from her. Towards Chato, she is frequently disdainful, especially when considering the ways in which he has unsuccessfully tried to endear himself to white society. Ayah’s indifference toward white people is demonstrated in her attitude toward the bar owner and his patrons, and she takes satisfaction from their fear of her. At the story’s end, Ayah is peaceful even in her grief and displays maternal care toward Chato even though he has so often failed her. Regardless of how white society has treated her, Ayah knows who she is—a mother, even in the absence of her children.

Ayah Quotes in Lullaby

The Lullaby quotes below are all either spoken by Ayah or refer to Ayah. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
).

Lullaby Quotes

Ayah reached out for it like her own babies had, and she smiled when she remembered how she had laughed at them. She was an old woman now, and her life had become memories.

Related Characters: Ayah
Page Number and Citation: 41
Explanation and Analysis:

She did not want to think about Jimmie. So she thought about the weaving and the way her mother had done it. On the tall wooden loom set into the sand under a tamarack tree for shade. She could see it clearly. She had been only a little girl when her grandma gave her the wooden combs to pull the twigs and burrs from the raw, freshly washed wool.

Related Characters: Jimmie, Ayah, Ayah’s Mother
Related Symbols: Blankets
Page Number and Citation: 41
Explanation and Analysis:

She felt peaceful remembering. She didn’t feel cold any more. Jimmie’s blanket seemed warmer than it had ever been. And she could remember the morning he was born. She could remember whispering to her mother, who was sleeping on the other side of the hogan, to tell her it was time now. […] The morning was already warm even before dawn and Ayah smelled the bee flowers blooming and the young willow growing at the springs.

Related Characters: Ayah, Ayah’s Mother, Jimmie
Page Number and Citation: 42
Explanation and Analysis:

Ayah could see they wanted her to sign the papers, and Chato had taught her to sign her name. It was something she was proud of. She only wanted them to go, and to take their eyes away from her children.

Related Characters: The White Doctors, Ayah, Danny, Ella, Chato
Page Number and Citation: 43
Explanation and Analysis:

The sun warmth relaxed her and took the fear and anger away. She lay back on the rock and watched the sky. It seemed to her that she could walk into the sky, stepping through clouds endlessly. Danny played with little pebbles and stones, pretending they were birds eggs and then little rabbits. Ella sat at her feet and dropped fistfuls of dirt into the breeze, watching the dust and particles of sand intently.

Related Characters: Danny, Ella, Ayah
Page Number and Citation: 43
Explanation and Analysis:

It was worse than if they had died: to lose children and to know that somewhere, in a place called Colorado, in a place full of sick and dying strangers, her children were without her. There had been babies that died soon after they were born, and one that died before he could walk. She had carried them herself, up to the boulders and great pieces of the cliff that long ago crashed down from Long Mesa; she laid them in the crevices of sandstone and buried them in fine brown sand with round quartz pebbles that washed down the hills in the rain. She had endured it because they had been with her.

Related Characters: Danny, Ayah, Ella
Page Number and Citation: 44
Explanation and Analysis:

She hated Chato, not because he let the policeman and doctors put the screaming children in the government car, but because he had taught her to sign her name. Because it was like the old ones always told her about learning their language or any of their ways: it endangered you.

Related Characters: Ayah, The White Doctors, Chato
Page Number and Citation: 44
Explanation and Analysis:

Ayah watched the government car disappear down the road and she knew they were already being weaned from these lava hills and from this sky.

Related Characters: Danny, Ayah, Ella
Page Number and Citation: 46
Explanation and Analysis:

She felt satisfied that the men in the bar feared her. Maybe it was her face and the way she held her mouth with teeth clenched tight, like there was nothing anything could do to her now.

Related Characters: The Bar Owner, Ayah
Page Number and Citation: 46
Explanation and Analysis:

The sky cleared. Ayah saw that there was nothing between her and the stars. The light was crystalline. There was no shimmer, no distortion through earth haze. She breathed the clarity of the night sky; she smelled the purity of the half moon and the stars.

Related Characters: Ayah
Page Number and Citation: 48
Explanation and Analysis:

She tucked the blanket around him, remembering how it was when Ella had been with her; and she felt the rush so big inside her heart for the babies. And she sang the only song she knew to sing for babies. She could not remember if she had ever sung it to her children, but she knew that her grandmother had sung it and her mother hand sung it:

The earth is your mother,
she holds you,
The sky is your father,
he protects you.

[…]

We are together always
There was never a time
when this
was not so.

Related Characters: Ayah’s Mother, Ella, Chato, Ayah
Related Symbols: Blankets
Page Number and Citation: 48
Explanation and Analysis:
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Ayah Character Timeline in Lullaby

The timeline below shows where the character Ayah appears in Lullaby. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Lullaby
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
Maternal Kinship and Community Theme Icon
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon
Ayah watches the snow coming down, looking like tufts of wool before a weaver spins it.... (full context)
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
Maternal Kinship and Community Theme Icon
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon
Ayah covers herself in an old threadbare Army blanket sent to her by her son, Jimmie.... (full context)
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
Maternal Kinship and Community Theme Icon
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon
The snow begins to drift and cover Ayah’s rubber overshoes, triggering a memory of the buckskin leggings and elkhide moccasins that her family... (full context)
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
Maternal Kinship and Community Theme Icon
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon
Ayah remembers the morning she gave birth to Jimmie, enlisting her mother’s help in the early... (full context)
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
Power, Discrimination, and Oppression Theme Icon
Language and Translation Theme Icon
Ayah doesn’t think of Jimmie as having died as much as she thinks of him going... (full context)
Power, Discrimination, and Oppression Theme Icon
Language and Translation Theme Icon
Moving into a longer flashback, Ayah is alone at the shack the day white doctors come to take her other children,... (full context)
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon
Power, Discrimination, and Oppression Theme Icon
Ayah hopes signing their papers will make the white doctors leave, but they do not, instead... (full context)
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
Power, Discrimination, and Oppression Theme Icon
This memory makes Ayah miss Jimmie, because if he had been there to read the doctors’ papers, she would... (full context)
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
Losing Danny and Ella this way feels worse to Ayah than if they had died. Indeed, she has lost several babies when they were much... (full context)
Power, Discrimination, and Oppression Theme Icon
Language and Translation Theme Icon
Ayah does not return to the shack until it begins to snow, and even then she... (full context)
Maternal Kinship and Community Theme Icon
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon
Back in the present, Ayah continues to watch the snow fall and looks back toward the bar where she left... (full context)
Power, Discrimination, and Oppression Theme Icon
Not finding Chato outside the bar, Ayah enters the establishment, though she knows the owner doesn’t like Navajos inside. She takes her... (full context)
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon
Power, Discrimination, and Oppression Theme Icon
The bar patrons’ fear reminds Ayah of the first time the white people brought Danny and Ella back for a visit.... (full context)
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon
Power, Discrimination, and Oppression Theme Icon
Language and Translation Theme Icon
The last time Ayah sees Danny and Ella, it is summer, and Ella looks at her the way the... (full context)
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
Power, Discrimination, and Oppression Theme Icon
Back in the present, Ayah feels satisfied that the men in the bar fear her. She leaves the bar and... (full context)
Maternal Kinship and Community Theme Icon
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon
Ayah and Chato have a garden, but for five years there has not been enough rain... (full context)
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
Maternal Kinship and Community Theme Icon
Ayah finds Chato walking along the pavement. He does not react to her presence, moving forward... (full context)
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon
Ayah watches the storm clouds pass overhead, thinking they look like powerful horses pushing across the... (full context)
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
Maternal Kinship and Community Theme Icon
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon
Ayah tucks Jimmie’s blanket around Chato, and she remembers doing this for Ella and the rest... (full context)