Obasan
by Joy Kogawa

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Prologue Quotes

There is a silence that cannot speak.

There is a silence that will not speak.

Beneath the grass the speaking dreams and beneath the dreams is a sensate sea. The speech that frees comes forth from that amniotic deep. To attend its voice, I can hear it say, is to embrace its absence. But I fail the task. The word is stone.

[…] Unless the stone bursts with telling, unless the seed flowers with speech, there is in my life no living word. The sound I hear is only sound. White sound. […]

If I could follow the stream down and down to the hidden voice, would I come at last to the freeing word? I ask the night sky but the silence is steadfast. There is no reply.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 1
Explanation and Analysis:
The silence that haunts Naomi here is the silence of the dead. Over the course of the novel, most of Naomi’s loved ones die, and most of them take with them some truth that Naomi never gets to learn. They are buried “beneath the grass,” surrounded and silenced by stone. Naomi can imagine a future in which that stone “bursts with telling,” and the truth that has been silenced is finally revealed to her, but she doesn’t know how to achieve that future. Naomi yearns for “speech that frees” without specifying whether she hopes to free herself or the people Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo min

Chapter 3 Quotes

Such an old woman she is. She opens her mouth to say more, but there is no further sound from her dry lips.

The language of her grief is silence. She has learned it well, its idioms, its nuances. Over the years, silence within her small body has grown large and powerful.

What will she do now? I wonder.

What choices does she have?

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Obasan (Ayako Nakane), Uncle (Isamu “Sam” Nakane)
Page Number and Citation: 17
Explanation and Analysis:
When Naomi visits Obasan following Uncle’s death, Obasan has little to say to her. Naomi recognizes Obasan’s grief regardless since she is well versed in her aunt’s silences. Naomi describes silence like it is a language in and of itself––one with its own “idioms” that one must learn. This hints that silence, like any language, can be translated and understood if one puts in the effort. Obasan’s silence is more complex than simple emotional repression. The silence is something alive that grows in her body and becomes “powerful,” and Naomi seems uncertain whether that silence grants Obasan power or has Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus t

Chapter 4 Quotes

“What a beauty,” the RCMP officer said in 1941 when he saw it. He shouted as he sliced back through the wake, “What a beauty! What a beauty!”

That was the last Uncle saw of the boat. And shortly thereafter, Uncle too was taken away, wearing shirt, jacker, and dungarees. He had no provisions, nor did he have any idea where the gunboats were herding him and the other Japanese fishermen in the impounded fishing fleet.

The memories were drowned in a whirlpool of protective silence. Everywhere I could hear the adults whispering, “Kodomo no tame. For the sake of the children…” Calmness was maintained.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Uncle (Isamu “Sam” Nakane), Father (Tadashi/Mark Nakane)
Page Number and Citation: 25-26
Explanation and Analysis:
As part of the Canadian government’s campaign against Japanese Canadians, the RCMP (Royal Canadian Mounted Police, also known as Mounties) confiscate the boats of Japanese fishermen. This robs the men of their livelihoods, and it also devastates Uncle, who built his boat as a labor of love with his brother. The Mountie who drives the boat away recognizes the skill that went into crafting it, and his smug delight at the “beauty” of the boat highlights the disregard that these supposed officers of the peace hold for Japanese Canadians. Naomi draws a parallel between the confiscation of the boats and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque

Chapter 5 Quotes

All our ordinary stories are changed in time, altered as much by the present as the present is shaped by the past. Potent and pervasive as a prairie dust storm, memories and dreams seep and mingle through cracks, settling on furniture and into upholstery. Our attics and living rooms encroach on each other, deep into their invisible places.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Obasan (Ayako Nakane)
Page Number and Citation: 30
Explanation and Analysis:
Obasan brings Naomi up to the attic to search for something, and Naomi is struck by the remnants of the past that are stored together in the attic. In Naomi’s understanding, the past is the same as people’s understanding of it, the “ordinary stories” they tell themselves about their lives. As such, the past is not static or set in stone: it changes as people’s memories shift over time and as the present impacts their view of the past. In turn, the past shapes the present. At this point in the story, Naomi does not want to engage with her Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Pos

Chapter 7 Quotes

“Write the vision and make it plain. Habakkuk 2.2”

Dear Aunt Em is crusading still. […] For her, the vision is the truth as she lives it. When she is called like Habakkuk to the witness stand, her testimony is to the light that shines in the lives of the Nisei, in their desperation to prove themselves Canadian, in their tough and gentle spirit. The truth for me is more murky, shadowy and gray. But on my lap, her papers are wind and fuel nudging my early-morning thoughts to flame.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Aunt Emily Kato (speaker)
Related Symbols: Aunt Emily’s Box of Documents
Page Number and Citation: 38
Explanation and Analysis:
Attached to the box of documents Aunt Emily has sent to her, Naomi finds a note instructing the reader to “write the vision and make it plain.” This establishes Emily’s mission in collecting evidence of Japanese Canadian oppression: she intends to display the injustice her people have faced by documenting and archiving that injustice for others to read. The line is a quote from the book of Habakkuk, a Biblical prophet whom Naomi compares her aunt to. The religious language that Naomi applies to Emily, comparing her to a prophet and a “crusader,” emphasizes Emily’s zealousness for her cause. Emily Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa.

The Custodian’s reply to Aunt Emily must have been the same to anyone else who dared to write. “Be good, my undesirable, my illegitimate children, be obedient, be servile, above all don’t send me any letters of inquiry about your homes, while I stand on guard (over your property) in the true north strong, though you are not free. B. Good.”

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Aunt Emily Kato
Related Symbols: Aunt Emily’s Box of Documents
Page Number and Citation: 45
Explanation and Analysis:
One of the first papers Naomi finds in Aunt Emily’s box of documents is a letter from government official B. Good denying Emily’s request for information about the property the government seized from her mother. The name “B. Good” is comically obvious in terms of the government’s expectations of Japanese Canadians, so in Naomi’s mind the man becomes a representation of all unfeeling Canadian officials and of the Canadian government itself. Naomi’s imagined response from B. Good is patronizing and paternalistic, and it implies that Japanese Canadians should accept any mistreatment as a condition of being allowed to live in Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debiti

Out loud I said, “Why not leave the dead to bury the dead?”

“Dead?” she asked. “I’m not dead. You’re not dead. Who’s dead?”

“But you can’t fight the whole country,” I said.

“We are the country.”

Obasan was not taking part in the conversation. When pressed, finally she said that she was grateful for life. “Arigati. Gratitude only.”

[…] “In the world, there is no better place,” [Uncle] said.

Related Characters: Uncle (Isamu “Sam” Nakane) (speaker), Naomi Nakane (speaker), Aunt Emily Kato (speaker), Obasan (Ayako Nakane) (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 50
Explanation and Analysis:
Emily, Naomi, and Obasan and Uncle represent three different generations of Japanese Canadians. Obasan and Uncle are Issei (first generation), Emily is Nisei (second generation), and Naomi is Sansei (third generation). As such, they hold different beliefs about Canada and their place in it. Obasan and Uncle are immigrants, unlike the other two women, so they do not take their right to live in Canada for granted. They insist upon gratitude toward the nation, even though the government mistreated and imprisoned them for years. Emily, on the other hand, is a Canadian citizen, and she believes she is entitled to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus

Chapter 9 Quotes

The house in which we live is in Marpole, a comfortable residential district of Vancouver. It is more splendid than any house I have lived in since. It does not bear remembering. None of this bears remembering.

“You have to remember,” Aunt Emily said. “You are your history. If you cut any of it off you're an amputee. Don't deny the past. Remember everything. If you’re bitter, be bitter. Cry it out! Scream! Denial is gangrene. […]”

All right, Aunt Emily, all right! The house then––the house, if I must remember it today, was large and beautiful.

Related Characters: Aunt Emily Kato (speaker), Naomi Nakane (speaker), Father (Tadashi/Mark Nakane)
Page Number and Citation: 60
Explanation and Analysis:
Much of the novel is told in flashbacks to Naomi’s childhood. This moment precedes the first of these flashbacks, and Naomi almost decides not to let her narration move into the past. She thinks of her family’s house in Marpole, which evokes strong emotions as the home where she experienced the few uncomplicatedly happy years of her life, and she immediately tries to dismiss this memory and deny the feelings it inspires. Her insistence that “none of this bears remembering” downplays the significance of her memories, but it also hints at the true reason Naomi shuts down the flashback­­––she herself Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit u

Chapter 10 Quotes

“What a serious baby––fed on milk and Momotaro.”

“Milk and Momotaro?” I asked. “Culture clash?”

“Not at all,” she said. “Momotaro is a Canadian story. We’re Canadian, aren't we? Everything a Canadian does is Canadian.”

Related Characters: Aunt Emily Kato (speaker), Naomi Nakane (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 68
Explanation and Analysis:
Aunt Emily recalls Naomi as a quiet and well-behaved child who adhered to the values expressed in the tale of Momotaro, a boy who always honors his parents. This traditional Japanese story is juxtaposed with milk, a Canadian beverage, to emphasize how Naomi’s Japanese identity coexists with her Canadian identity. Emily specifically describes Naomi as “fed” on milk and Momotaro, as if each one of them provided her necessary nourishment. Emily doesn’t view the presence of two identities as confusing or a source of conflict. To her, culture is a source of enrichment, so having access to two cultures should Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi n

Chapter 14 Quotes

All Nisei are liable to imprisonment if we refuse to volunteer to leave. At least that is the likeliest interpretation of Ian Mackenzie's “Volunteer or else” statement. […] Why do they consider us to be wartime prisoners? Can you wonder that there is a deep bitterness among the Nisei who believed in democracy?

Related Characters: Aunt Emily Kato (speaker), Mother
Page Number and Citation: 103
Explanation and Analysis:
In Aunt Emily’s wartime diary, which she addresses to her sister (Naomi’s mother), she contends with the tension between her Canadian identity and Canada’s notion of all Japanese Canadians as foreign. The government has issued an ultimatum against second-generation Japanese Canadians that threatens them with imprisonment if they do not leave their homes on the coast. There is a deep irony in the phrase “volunteer or else,” issued by Ian Mackenzie (a real historical figure and anti-Japanese member of Canadian Parliament). The language of “volunteering” gives false agency to the Nisei, implying that they get to choose their fate, when Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia

Chapter 16 Quotes

None of us, [Aunt Emily] said, escaped the naming. We were defined and identified by the way we were seen. A newspaper in B.C. headlined: “They are a stench in the nostrils of people of Canada.” We were therefore relegated to the cesspools.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Aunt Emily Kato
Page Number and Citation: 139-140
Explanation and Analysis:
Naomi’s experience during World War II is shaped by the virulent anti-Japanese racism present in Canada. The boldness of the newspaper headline indicates how public and unequivocal that racism is, and Naomi and Emily both ruminate on the public nature of that racism. Emily refers to the demonization of Japanese Canadians as “the naming,” as Japanese Canadians are named as the enemy and robbed of their identities as citizens, individuals, and human beings. They are categorized as one monolithic group that has no rights in the nation of Canada. Naomi attributes this oppression to the consequences of being “seen.” Earlier Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimu

Chapter 18 Quotes

It is always so. We must always honor the wishes of others before our own. We will make the way smooth by restraining emotion. Though we might wish Grandma and Grandpa to stay, we must watch them go. To try to meet one’s own needs in spite of the wishes of others is to be “wagamama”—selfish and inconsiderate. Obasan teaches me not to be wagamama by always heeding everyone’s needs. That is why she is waiting patiently beside me at this bridge. That is why, when I am offered gifts, I must first refuse politely. It is such a tangle trying to decipher the needs and intents of others.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Grandpa Nakane, Obasan (Ayako Nakane), Grandma Nakane
Page Number and Citation: 151
Explanation and Analysis:
Naomi struggles to confront her grief and trauma as both an adult and a child, because she has been raised to internalize those feelings lest they burden others. When her family is split again after a brief reunion with Grandma and Grandpa Nakane, Naomi believes that voicing her wish for them to stay would be selfish. This belief is a cultural one, and it stands in contrast to the Western ideal of individuality and personal progress. This tradition of empathy and striving to make others happy can in many contexts be noble, but it also leads to the culture of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui au

Chapter 22 Quotes

The Yellow Peril is a Somerville Game, Made in Canada.

It was given to Stephen at Christmas. On the red-and-blue box cover is a picture of soldiers with bayonets and fists raised high looking out over a sea full of burning ships and a sky full of planes. A game about war. Over a map of Japan are the words:

The game that shows how
a few brave defenders
can withstand a very
great number of enemies.

There are fifty small yellow pawns inside and three big blue checker kings. To be yellow in the Yellow Peril game is to be weak and small. […] I am not yellow. I will not cry however much this nurse yanks my hair.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Stephen Nakane
Page Number and Citation: 180-181
Explanation and Analysis:
The game Yellow Peril is an example of the casually racist propaganda that children are subjected to at a young age. The game itself seems unassuming, but the imagery and language on the box is blatantly racist and contextualizes the game as the same. The map of Japan equates the “great number of enemies” from the game description with the Japanese, who are represented in the game as a large army of “small yellow pawns.” The depiction of the Japanese figures as yellow is in reference to racist imagery associated with Asian people, and the name “Yellow Peril” refers to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferend

Chapter 25 Quotes

“Why can’t we go home, Stephen?”

“Because. That’s why,” Stephen says crossly, and tells me no more. His eyes are like Father’s, searching.

The orders, given to Uncle and Father in 1945, reach me via Aunt Emily's package in 1972, twenty-seven years later.

The delivery service is slow these days. Understanding is even slower. I still do not see the Canadian face of the author of those words.

Related Characters: Stephen Nakane (speaker), Naomi Nakane (speaker), Aunt Emily Kato, Father (Tadashi/Mark Nakane)
Related Symbols: Aunt Emily’s Box of Documents
Page Number and Citation: 206
Explanation and Analysis:
After the Nakanes have finally settled in at Slocan, they are once again uprooted, and Naomi looks to her older brother for guidance. As much as Stephen tries to distance himself from his family, he emulates his elders in his adherence to silence. He refuses to respond to Naomi’s confusion, shutting down her question and telling her “no more.” Naomi’s narration contextualizes this behavior within the family’s tradition of concealing painful information by comparing Stephen to Father. Like Father, Stephen doesn’t fully understand the truth himself, but he will not include Naomi in his “searching” for it. This constant secrecy Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectet

Chapter 26 Quotes

The crowd stands aside, waving steadily, bowing, touching arms here and there, and then they are out of view and I’m clambering up the train steps again as I did three years ago.

We sit in two seats facing each other once more, exactly like the last time. Where is Father? […] Where are we going? Will it be to a city? Remember my doll? Remember Vancouver? The escalators? Electric lights? Streetcars? Will we go home again ever?

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Aunt Emily Kato, Father (Tadashi/Mark Nakane), Mother
Page Number and Citation: 216
Explanation and Analysis:
The Nakanes leave Slocan on a train, just like how they arrived. The Nakanes are displaced from their new home “exactly like the last time,” when they were displaced from Vancouver. This parallel indicates that the Canadian government’s mistreatment of its Japanese citizens will not change, even though Canada has won the war against Japan. Naomi yearns for home, and her trepidation about the future blends with her memories of the past. The way Naomi looks to the past as she tries to make sense of her present and future lends credence to Aunt Emily’s belief, voiced earlier in the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim ne

Chapter 27 Quotes

And I am tired, I suppose, because I want to get away from all this. From the past and all these papers, from the present, from the memories, from the deaths, from Aunt Emily and her heap of words. I want to break loose from the heavy identity, the evidence of rejection, the unexpressed passion, the misunderstood politeness. I am tired of living between deaths and funerals, weighted with decorum, unable to shout or sing or dance, unable to scream or swear, unable to laugh, unable to breathe out loud.

(Keep your eyes down. When you are in the city, do not look into anyone's face. That way they may not see you. That way you offend less.)

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Obasan (Ayako Nakane), Aunt Emily Kato
Related Symbols: Aunt Emily’s Box of Documents
Page Number and Citation: 218
Explanation and Analysis:
As Naomi gets deeper into the documents in Aunt Emily’s box, she reflects on the weight of the past. Remembering her trauma and, by extension, narrating her story is exhausting, and Naomi resents that she must do it. She is also bitter that the racist society in which she lives has rendered her Japanese Canadian identity a “heavy” burden she must bear. This society misunderstands and takes advantage of Japanese cultural values surrounding politeness, leaving Naomi “weighted with decorum.” The interaction of the culture of decorum with white Canadian culture misunderstanding also causes these ideals of politeness to shift in Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commo

All of Aunt Emily’s words, all her papers, the telegrams and petitions, are like scratchings in the barnyard, the evidence of much activity, scaly claws hard at work. But what good they do, I do not know––those little black typewritten words––rain words, cloud droppings. They do not touch us where we are planted here in Alberta, our roots clawing the sudden prairie air. The words are not made flesh. Trains do not carry us home. Ships do not return again. All my prayers disappear into space.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Aunt Emily Kato
Related Symbols: Aunt Emily’s Box of Documents
Page Number and Citation: 226
Explanation and Analysis:
Naomi voices resentment and doubt of Aunt Emily’s activism throughout the novel. These sentiments escalate when the documents has Emily sent her stir traumatic memories and upsetting emotions in Naomi, and Emily provides seemingly no way to ease the pain of dealing with them. The overarching narrative of the novel makes clear that Aunt Emily’s archival work is important in the ways in which it documents a silenced history and prompts Naomi to grapple with her past. However, Naomi’s complaints about Emily are valid: Emily’s words cannot undo the past. Of course, Emily never claims to be trying to do Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque i

Chapter 29 Quotes

Is it so bad?

Yes.

Do I really mind?

Yes, I mind. I mind everything. Even the flies. […] It’s the chicken coop “house” we live in that I mind. […] It’s the bedbugs and my having to sleep on the table to escape the nightly attack, and the welts all over our bodies. […] Or it’s standing in the beet field under the maddening sun […].

[…] I mind the harvesttime and the hands and the wrists bound in rags to keep the wrists from breaking open. […] I cannot tell about this time, Aunt Emily. The body will not tell.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Uncle (Isamu “Sam” Nakane), Aunt Emily Kato, Stephen Nakane, Obasan (Ayako Nakane)
Page Number and Citation: 233-235
Explanation and Analysis:
Recalling her family’s experience on the beet farm brings Naomi’s anger to a boiling point. She has spent years repressing the trauma of the period of internment, but reliving the abominable conditions of life on the beet farm prompts an explosion of feeling that translates to several pages in which Naomi describes how miserable she was on the farm. However, she concludes by expressing that she “cannot tell about this time.” Even her extensive descriptions do not do justice to the pain she felt during those years because words can’t articulate what “the body will not tell.” This tension between Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Co

I can remember since Aunt Emily insists that I must and release the floodgates one by one. […] I can cry for Obasan, who has turned to stone.

But what then? Uncle does not rise up and return to his boats. Dead bones do not take on flesh.

What is done, Aunt Emily, is done, is it not? And no doubt it will all happen again, over and over with different faces and names, variations on the same theme.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Obasan (Ayako Nakane), Aunt Emily Kato, Uncle (Isamu “Sam” Nakane)
Page Number and Citation: 238
Explanation and Analysis:
As Naomi confronts some of her most traumatic memories, she once again questions why Aunt Emily has pushed her to remember. Naomi recognizes that this journey into memory has enabled her to access emotions that others cannot. Obasan’s commitment to guarding her emotions has “turned [her] to stone,” rendering her incapable of accessing the feelings she has locked away. The language of “crying for Obasan” takes on a double meaning. On one hand, Naomi is crying because of Obasan, out of sorrow for all her aunt has suffered and for Obasan’s inability to confront it. At the same time, Naomi Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum vo

Chapter 33 Quotes

I know Obasan is praying. I’ve seen her before––the time Stephen leapt out of bed in the middle of the night yelling, “I’ve got to get out of here,” and ran down the road away from the farm in the dark. Obasan sat at the table and prayed till he returned. He said when he came back he’d had a nightmare. Something about a metallic insect the size of a tractor, webbing a grid of iron bars over him. (Later, he told me he had the same nightmare again, but escaped the web by turning the bars into a xylophone.)

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Obasan (Ayako Nakane), Stephen Nakane
Page Number and Citation: 264
Explanation and Analysis:
During the period of internment, Stephen understands more of what is going on than Naomi does because he is older. However, he is still a child, and the family’s suffering affects him as much as it does Naomi. The novel makes clear that Stephen’s attempts to deny his trauma by distancing himself from his Japanese identity hurt the people around him, but the story also demonstrates why Stephen makes the choices he does. This dream that Stephen has provides a peek into his psyche and highlights his differences from Naomi. Both he and Naomi have dreams that feature a large Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possi

Chapter 34 Quotes

The comments are so incessant and always so well-intentioned. “How long have you been in this country? Do you like our country? […] Have you ever been back to Japan?”

Back?

[…] Where do any of us come from in this cold country? Oh, Canada, whether it is admitted or not, we come from you we come from you. […] We come from our untold tales that wait for their telling. We come from Canada, this land that is like every land, filled with the wise, the fearful, the compassionate, the corrupt.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Mr. Barker, Uncle (Isamu “Sam” Nakane), Vivian Barker, Obasan (Ayako Nakane)
Page Number and Citation: 270-271
Explanation and Analysis:
After Uncle’s death, Mr. Barker (the owner of the beet farm where the Nakanes once worked) comes to pay his condolences with his second wife, Vivian. His conversation with Naomi and Obasan is full of “well-intentioned” racist comments. His good intentions do not negate his racism or make it more palatable; the racism of everyday white Canadians like Mr. Barker is simply a more insidious form of the same oppression that Japanese Canadians faced during World War II. The government was able to classify Japanese Canadians as “enemy aliens” because white Canadians already viewed Japanese Canadians as a foreign other. Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque place

Chapter 35 Quotes

[The Grand Inquisitor’s] demand to know was both a judgment and a refusal to hear. The more he questioned [Mother], the more he was her accuser and murderer. The more he killed her, the deeper her silence became. What the Grand Inquisitor has never learned is that the avenues of speech are the avenues of silence. To hear my mother, to attend her speech, to attend the sound of stone, he must first become silent. Only when he enters her abandonment will he be released from his own.

How the Grand Inquisitor gnaws at my bones. At the age of questioning my mother disappeared. Why, I have asked ever since, did she not write? Why, I ask now, must I know?

Did I doubt her love? Am I her accuser?

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Mother
Page Number and Citation: 273-274
Explanation and Analysis:
Shortly before Naomi learns the truth of her mother’s fate, she dreams of a mysterious figure, whom she calls the Grand Inquisitor, killing Mother. He has some “demand to know,” and he violently refuses to accept Mother’s silence. Naomi recognizes that violence in herself. She, like the Grand Inquisitor, has failed to acknowledge that Mother communicates through silence rather than speech. Naomi realizes that although she only yearns to understand her mother out of love, that failure to properly attend Mother’s speech is in itself a violent act. She can’t force her mother to speak—she can only learn to attend Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus volupta

Chapter 37 Quotes

She and my mother, [Grandma Kato] writes, were unable to talk of all the things that happened. The horror would surely die sooner, they felt, if they refused to speak. But the silence and the constancy of the nightmare had become unbearable for Grandma and she hoped that by sharing them with her husband, she could be helped to extricate herself from the grip of the past.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Grandpa Kato, Grandma Kato, Mother
Page Number and Citation: 282-283
Explanation and Analysis:
In Grandma Kato’s letter explaining the devastation of the bombing of Hiroshima, she apologizes to her husband for burdening him with the information. Like the other members of Naomi’s family, Grandma Kato believes that sharing suffering is selfish. However, the family’s traditional method of suffering in silence has become unbearable, and this displays the negative impacts of silence. Over the course of the story, Naomi learns to accept her mother’s silence as the way she chose to communicate, but silence can also exist in its more predictable form as an absence of communication. In this form, silence is stifling and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum

Chapter 39 Quotes

Obasan is small as a child and has not learned to weep.

Back and forth, back and forth, her hands move on her knees.

She looks at me unsteadily, then hands me the ID card with Uncle’s young face. What ghostly whisperings I feel in the air as I hold the card. “Kodomo no tame—for the sake of the children––gaman shi masho––let us endure.” The voices pour down like rain but in the middle of the downpour I still feel thirst. Somewhere between speech and hearing is a transmutation of sound.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Obasan (Ayako Nakane), Uncle (Isamu “Sam” Nakane)
Page Number and Citation: 294
Explanation and Analysis:
Naomi has spent the novel “learn[ing] to weep” for all she and her family have lost, but Obasan never opened herself up emotionally in this way. For decades, Obasan has kept herself stoic and silent “for the sake of the children.” This mindset is not unique to Obasan: it is shared by all Naomi’s elders, whom she hears as “ghostly whisperings” as she faces a tangible reminder of how the adults in her life suffered. Looking at this evidence alters the silence that Naomi has grown up within, but she still can’t hear the truth. Instead, she finds herself “somewhere Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque

This body of grief is not fit for human habitation. Let there be flesh. The song of mourning is not a lifelong song.

Father, Mother, my relatives, my ancestors, we have come to the forest tonight, to the place where the colors all meet––red and yellow and blue. We have turned and returned to your arms as you turn to earth and form the forest floor.

Tonight we picked berries with the help of your sighted hands. […] See how our stained fingers have read the seasons, and how our serving hands serve you still.

My loved ones, rest in your world of stone. Around you flows the underground stream.

Related Characters: Naomi Nakane (speaker), Mother, Father (Tadashi/Mark Nakane)
Page Number and Citation: 294
Explanation and Analysis:
The final moments of Naomi’s story see her coming to terms with the many deaths of her loved ones. Naomi has tried to escape her grief by denying it, but now she realizes that if she lets herself feel the full weight of that grief, eventually she will be able to move on. In part, this is because she no longer feels that the loved ones she has lost are truly gone. She sees them in the beauty of the landscape and feels their guidance as she carries out simple, heartfelt tasks that her ancestors have performed for generations. In Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusant
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