Of Human Bondage

Of Human Bondage

by W. Somerset Maugham

Philip Carey Character Analysis

Philip Carey, son of Helen and Henry Carey, is the protagonist of the semiautobiographical novel. The story begins when Philip is nine years old, when his mother dies and he goes to live with his Uncle William the vicar and Aunt Louisa, and follows his coming of age. Young Philip struggles in the wake of his mother’s death, and he becomes the target of mockery due to his club foot after his aunt and uncle send him away to school, where his peers look down on him for being different. Philip begins to rebel against the life path his uncle has set for him to become ordained, first demanding to study abroad in Heidelberg, then giving up his current education altogether to go study art in Paris. In Paris, Philip has more freedom and loses his faith, but he still struggles to find his calling in life. During his early adulthood, Philip pursues relationships with older women, like Miss Wilkinson and Mildred, perhaps in an effort to fill the void he feels over the death of his mother, though ultimately these relationships end poorly. Although Philip has moments of despair, struggling with poverty and at times considering suicide, he ultimately Philip gets a better sense of what he wants in life by spending time with the happy family of Thorpe Athelny and proposing to Athelny’s daughter Sally. As Philip comes of age and gains experience, he learns to appreciate and find value in the ordinary. The novel ends with him at last finding happiness and fulfillment thanks to his engagement to Sally, as well as the loving, mutually supportive connections he has formed with her family.

Philip Carey Quotes in Of Human Bondage

The Of Human Bondage quotes below are all either spoken by Philip Carey or refer to Philip Carey. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
).

Chapter 1 Quotes

The day broke gray and dull. The clouds hung heavily, and there was a rawness in the air that suggested snow. A woman servant came into a room in which a child was sleeping and drew the curtains. She glanced mechanically at the house opposite, a stucco house with a portico, and went to the child’s bed.

“Wake up, Philip,” she said.

Related Characters: Helen Carey, Philip Carey
Page Number and Citation: 9
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 5 Quotes

“I can’t make out why she ordered a dozen,” said Mr. Carey. “Two would have done.”

Related Characters: Uncle William Carey (speaker), Aunt Louisa Carey, Helen Carey, Philip Carey
Page Number and Citation: 22
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 12 Quotes

As time went on Philip’s deformity ceased to interest. It was accepted like one boy’s red hair and another’s unreasonable corpulence. But meanwhile he had grown horribly sensitive. He never ran if he could help it, because he knew it made his limp more conspicuous, and he adopted a peculiar walk. He stood still as much as he could, with his club-foot behind the other, so that it should not attract notice, and he was constantly on the look out for any reference to it.

Related Characters: Philip Carey
Related Symbols: Club Foot
Page Number and Citation: 46
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 14 Quotes

“I suppose no one ever has faith enough,” he said.

Related Characters: Philip Carey (speaker), Uncle William Carey
Related Symbols: Club Foot
Page Number and Citation: 52
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 19 Quotes

At first Philip had been too grateful for Rose’s friendship to make any demands on him. He took things as they came and enjoyed life. But presently he began to resent Rose’s universal amiability; he wanted a more exclusive attachment, and he claimed as a right what before he had accepted as a favour.

Related Characters: Rose, Philip Carey
Related Symbols: Club Foot
Page Number and Citation: 75
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 26 Quotes

“Your new friend looks like a poet,” said Weeks, with a thin smile on his careworn, bitter mouth.

“He is a poet.”

“Did he tell you so? In America we should call him a pretty fair specimen of a waster.”

“Well, we’re not in America,” said Philip frigidly.

“How old is he? Twenty-five? And he does nothing but stay in pensions and write poetry.”

“You don’t know him,” said Philip hotly.

“Oh yes, I do: I’ve met a hundred and forty-seven of him.”

Related Characters: Weeks (speaker), Philip Carey (speaker), Hayward
Page Number and Citation: 108
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 33 Quotes

Philip put his arm round her waist and kissed her lips. She only laughed a little and made no attempt to withdraw. It had come quite naturally. Philip was very proud of himself. He said he would, and he had. It was the easiest thing in the world. He wished he had done it before. He did it again.

Related Characters: Aunt Louisa Carey, Miss Wilkinson, Uncle William Carey, Philip Carey
Page Number and Citation: 145
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 38 Quotes

“I’m afraid you’ve not done very well. Mr. Carter’s very dissatisfied with you.”

“Not nearly so dissatisfied as I am with Mr. Carter,” returned Philip cheerfully.

Related Characters: Mr. Goodworthy (speaker), Philip Carey (speaker), Mr. Herbert Carter
Page Number and Citation: 170
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 45 Quotes

“Have you ever been to the Cluny, the museum? There you will see Persian carpets of the most exquisite hue and of a pattern the beautiful intricacy of which delights and amazes the eye. In them you will see the mystery and the sensual beauty of the East, the roses of Hafiz and the wine-cup of Omar; but presently you will see more. You were asking just now what was the meaning of life. Go and look at those Persian carpets, and one of these days the answer will come to you.”

Related Characters: Cronshaw (speaker), Philip Carey
Related Symbols: Persian Rug
Page Number and Citation: 213
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 48 Quotes

“If I thought I wasn’t going to be really good, I’d rather give up painting,” said Philip. “I don’t see any use in being a second-rate painter.”

Related Characters: Philip Carey (speaker), Miguel Ajuria
Page Number and Citation: 276
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 51 Quotes

“It is cruel to discover one’s mediocrity only when it is too late. It does not improve the temper.”

Related Characters: Foinet (speaker), Cronshaw, Miss Fanny Price, Philip Carey, Aunt Louisa Carey
Page Number and Citation: 248
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 55 Quotes

His influence with Dunsford was strong enough to get him to take their tea elsewhere, and Dunsford soon found another young woman to flirt with. But the snub which the waitress had inflicted on him rankled. If she had treated him with civility he would have been perfectly indifferent to her; but it was obvious that she disliked him rather than otherwise, and his pride was wounded. He could not suppress a desire to be even with her.

Related Characters: Philip Carey, Dunsford, Mildred Rogers
Page Number and Citation: 269
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 58 Quotes

He nodded and limped away slowly, for he hoped with all his heart that she would call him back. At the next lamp-post he stopped and looked over his shoulder. He thought she might beckon to him—he was willing to forget everything, he was ready for any humiliation—but she had turned away, and apparently had ceased to trouble about him. He realised that she was glad to be quit of him.

Related Characters: Miller, Mildred Rogers, Philip Carey
Related Symbols: Club Foot
Page Number and Citation: 284
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 68 Quotes

Philip could not help thinking how delightful it would be to make fifty pounds, so that he could give Norah the furs she so badly needed for the winter. He looked at the shops in Regent Street and picked out the articles he could buy for the money. She deserved everything. She made his life very happy.

Related Characters: Mrs. Norah Nesbit, Macalister, Mildred Rogers, Philip Carey
Page Number and Citation: 329
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 73 Quotes

Philip’s mind was full of the stories he had heard of baby-farming and the ghouls who ill-treat the wretched children that selfish, cruel parents have put in their charge.

“Don’t be so silly,” said Mildred. “That’s when you give a woman a sum down to look after a baby. But when you’re going to pay so much a week it’s to their interest to look after it well.”

Related Characters: Mildred Rogers (speaker), Philip Carey, Aunt Louisa Carey, Uncle William Carey, Miller
Page Number and Citation: 352
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 76 Quotes

“D’you WANT to come away with me?” asked Philip.

“I don’t mind.”

He looked at her, and the corners of his mouth turned down in an expression of misery. He had triumphed indeed, and he was going to have his way.

Related Characters: Philip Carey (speaker), Mildred Rogers (speaker), Miller, Griffiths
Page Number and Citation: 371
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 80 Quotes

Then Philip heard nothing more of her at all. She vanished into the vast anonymous mass of the population of London.

Related Characters: Philip Carey (speaker), Griffiths, Mildred Rogers
Page Number and Citation: 395
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 84 Quotes

“Are you satisfied now, dear boy?” he asked.

“I suppose nothing will induce you to do any of the things Tyrell advised?”

“Nothing,” smiled Cronshaw.

Related Characters: Cronshaw (speaker), Philip Carey (speaker), Leonard Upjohn, Dr. Tyrell
Page Number and Citation: 415
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 87 Quotes

“Did you ever taste such Yorkshire pudding? No one can make it like my wife. That’s the advantage of not marrying a lady. You noticed she wasn’t a lady, didn’t you?”

It was an awkward question, and Philip did not know how to answer it.

Related Characters: Thorpe Athelny (speaker), Philip Carey, Betty Athelny
Page Number and Citation: 428
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 95 Quotes

“I should have thought if you’d loved me really you’d have loved me still.”

“I should have thought so too. I remember how I used to think that it would last for ever, I felt I would rather die than be without you, and I used to long for the time when you would be faded and wrinkled so that nobody cared for you any more and I should have you all to myself.”

Related Characters: Mildred Rogers (speaker), Philip Carey (speaker), Thorpe Athelny
Page Number and Citation: 473
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 101 Quotes

“Betty,” he said, when she came in, “Mr. Carey’s coming to live with us.”

“Oh, that is nice,” she said. “I’ll go and get the bed ready.”

She spoke in such a hearty, friendly tone, taking everything for granted, that Philip was deeply touched. He never expected people to be kind to him, and when they were it surprised and moved him.

Related Characters: Betty Athelny (speaker), Thorpe Athelny (speaker), Uncle William Carey, Philip Carey, Mildred Rogers, Macalister
Page Number and Citation: 502
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 106 Quotes

His life had seemed horrible when it was measured by its happiness, but now he seemed to gather strength as he realised that it might be measured by something else. Happiness mattered as little as pain. They came in, both of them, as all the other details of his life came in, to the elaboration of the design.[…] Whatever happened to him now would be one more motive to add to the complexity of the pattern, and when the end approached he would rejoice in its completion. It would be a work of art, and it would be none the less beautiful because he alone knew of its existence, and with his death it would at once cease to be.

Philip was happy.

Related Characters: Hayward, Cronshaw, Lawson, Philip Carey
Related Symbols: Persian Rug
Page Number and Citation: 525
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 108 Quotes

Dear Philip,

If you are thinking of taking a holiday soon and care to come down here I shall be pleased to see you. I was very ill with my bronchitis in the winter and Doctor Wigram never expected me to pull through. I have a wonderful constitution and I made, thank God, a marvellous recovery.

Yours affectionately,

William Carey.

Related Characters: Uncle William Carey (speaker), Philip Carey, Dr. Wigram
Page Number and Citation: 530
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 120 Quotes

“How can you care for me?” he said. “I’m insignificant and crippled and ordinary and ugly.”

She took his face in both her hands and kissed his lips.

“You’re an old silly, that’s what you are,” she said.

Related Characters: Philip Carey (speaker), Betty Athelny, Sally Athelny, Thorpe Athelny, Mildred Rogers
Related Symbols: Club Foot
Page Number and Citation: 598
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 122 Quotes

He smiled and took her hand and pressed it. They got up and walked out of the gallery. They stood for a moment at the balustrade and looked at Trafalgar Square. Cabs and omnibuses hurried to and fro, and crowds passed, hastening in every direction, and the sun was shining.

Related Characters: Philip Carey, Sally Athelny
Page Number and Citation: 607
Explanation and Analysis:
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Philip Carey Character Timeline in Of Human Bondage

The timeline below shows where the character Philip Carey appears in Of Human Bondage. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Chapter 1
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Marriage and Family Theme Icon
In 1885, a female servant wakes up nine-year-old Philip Carey and invites him to go see his mother (Helen Carey). Philip is very sleepy.... (full context)
Chapter 2
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Marriage and Family Theme Icon
One week later, Philip is sitting on the floor of the drawing room at Miss Watkin’s house. The nurse,... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Marriage and Family Theme Icon
Emma brings Philip to see Miss Watkin so that he can say goodbye before he goes to live... (full context)
Chapter 3
Marriage and Family Theme Icon
Emma takes Philip back to his old home that Helen Carey died in, a house on a nice... (full context)
Religion and Belief  Theme Icon
Philip is disappointed that Emma can’t come to live with them. William insists that Philip is... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Marriage and Family Theme Icon
Emma sends Philip to gather up his toys and other things to take with him. He gets distracted... (full context)
Chapter 4
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In tears, Philip finally says goodbye to Emma. Then he leaves with William for Blackstable, 60 miles outside... (full context)
Religion and Belief  Theme Icon
Louisa takes Philip to see his new room. It’s  small, but he doesn’t mind. She shows him the... (full context)
Chapter 5
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Marriage and Family Theme Icon
Philip learns more about William and Louisa, often by overhearing adults when they think he’s not... (full context)
Marriage and Family Theme Icon
One day, after Philip has been at Blackstable for about a week, some photos of Helen arrive from London.... (full context)
Chapter 6
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
...She has a regular schedule of dinners for every day of the week. William teaches Philip Latin and math, though he doesn’t know much about either subject. The maid, Mary Ann,... (full context)
Chapter 7
Religion and Belief  Theme Icon
...works seven days a week. Everyone in the house wakes up half an hour earlier. Philip often gets bored during the sermon, but Louisa stops him whenever he fidgets. They have... (full context)
Chapter 8
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Marriage and Family Theme Icon
Religion and Belief  Theme Icon
As an only child in the vicarage, Philip leads a solitary life. Mary Ann, the 35-year-old daughter of a fisherman, becomes his closest... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Marriage and Family Theme Icon
One Sunday afternoon, William snaps at Philip when he catches him playing on a Sunday. He says that Sunday is a day... (full context)
Chapter 9
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Religion and Belief  Theme Icon
Next Sunday afternoon, Philip asks Louisa what he’s allowed to do if he can’t play on Sunday. She suggests... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Philip gets so engrossed in the book that it’s difficult for Mary Ann or Louisa to... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Marriage and Family Theme Icon
...two boys takes up residence in the house across the street. When they ask if Philip wants to play with the boys, Louisa politely refuses. She wants to prevent Philip from... (full context)
Chapter 10
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Louisa and William decide to send Philip to a prep school connected to King’s School at Tercanbury, where neighboring clergy send their... (full context)
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Philip and Mr. Watson run into Venning, a boy who’s even smaller than Philip. Venning introduces... (full context)
Chapter 11
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Religion and Belief  Theme Icon
Philip wakes up in his cubicle of a dormitory that holds eight boys and struggles to... (full context)
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After breakfast, Philip and the others go to the playground. Once the boys realize that Philip has a... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
That night in the dormitory, two boys named Singer and Mason try to get Philip to show them his club foot. They hurt him trying to force him to show... (full context)
Chapter 12
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Poverty and Injustice Theme Icon
Over time, the boys at school lose interest in Philip’s club foot. Singer, the largest boy in the dormitory, continues to pick on Philip. All... (full context)
Chapter 13
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Two years pass, and Philip is nearly 12. He has done well and will be head boy after Christmas when... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Philip forms a friendship with a boy named Luard. One day, while messing around with Philip’s... (full context)
Chapter 14
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Religion and Belief  Theme Icon
The school starts to become more religious, and Philip joins a Bible League, where he sends in money and is assigned a Scripture passage... (full context)
Religion and Belief  Theme Icon
Philip continues to say prayers about his club foot as a routine. He imagines what the... (full context)
Chapter 15
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Religion and Belief  Theme Icon
Now 13, Philip begins attending King’s School itself. He learns how much King’s School is focused on preserving... (full context)
Chapter 16
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
...wants to bring in boys from London as students instead of only rural boys. Thirteen-year-old Philip struggles at his new school with an impatient master named Rev. B. B. Gordon. Mr.... (full context)
Chapter 17
Religion and Belief  Theme Icon
The next two years pass uneventfully for Philip, and he avoids any major bullying. He spends several terms with a weary but kind... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
At pre-Confirmation classes, Mr. Perkins asks Philip what he wants to be when he grows up. Philip says that William was planning... (full context)
Chapter 18
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As much as Philip tries to be faithful, he finds himself approaching religion as a rote ritual. He has... (full context)
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During the Christmas term after his Confirmation, Philip befriends a boy named Rose. They like to walk into chapel arm in arm and... (full context)
Chapter 19
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Philip gets jealous that Rose is so friendly to everyone he knows, not just Philip. Although... (full context)
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When Philip returns to school, he’s forgotten any disagreements he had with Rose and just wants to... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Philip starts a new friendship with a boy from London called Sharp, although Philip doesn’t like... (full context)
Chapter 20
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Philip begins to hate school and stop caring about how well he does. One day, Mr.... (full context)
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Mr. Perkins tries on a different occasion to persuade Philip again, and this time he uses a less formal approach. Philip is moved this time,... (full context)
Chapter 21
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Marriage and Family Theme Icon
Mr. Perkins can tell that Philip didn’t listen to him, so he writes a scathing report. When Philip takes it back... (full context)
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Philip wants to become his own master and feels like Oxford will just be a continuation... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Marriage and Family Theme Icon
Louisa tells Philip that while it’s been difficult for him without Helen,  Louisa has had her own difficulties,... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Philip improves greatly at his studies, and the other boys start to view him as a... (full context)
Chapter 22
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
...in Berlin—her father was a clergyman that William worked with. Louisa wrote to her mentioning Philip’s interest in Germany, and she suggested that Philip study at Heidelberg. Philip arrives at Heidelberg... (full context)
Chapter 23
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Marriage and Family Theme Icon
Philip is glad whenever he thinks of what the people at King’s School must be doing... (full context)
Chapter 24
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Professor Erlin continues to give Philip daily lessons, voicing strong opinions about how he hates Prussians and loves Goethe. He laments... (full context)
Chapter 25
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Philip’s oldest master is Monsieur Ducroz, who teaches French and  always looks shabby and dirty. One... (full context)
Chapter 26
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After three months in Heidelberg, Philip hears from Frau Professor that an Englishman named Hayward is also coming to stay with... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
When Hayward finally arrives, he and Philip have a moment alone on the balcony where Hayward complains about German food. Philip agrees,... (full context)
Chapter 27
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
...Hayward’s statements, which annoys Hayward. Hayward likes discussing religion, where facts are less important. When Philip tries to pin down Hayward’s religious beliefs, he dodges the question. They all discuss whether... (full context)
Chapter 28
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Neither Hayward nor Weeks realizes how much Philip will continue to think about their conversations with each other. Philip struggles to understand how... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Religion and Belief  Theme Icon
One day, Philip admits to Weeks that he doesn’t understand why people believe in God at all. As... (full context)
Chapter 29
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During winter, Weeks leaves for Berlin, and Hayward considers leaving for the south but doesn’t. Philip gets to see some plays by Ibsen and is enthralled by them, even though they... (full context)
Chapter 30
Poverty and Injustice Theme Icon
Philip likes to go on walks, and on one of them, he thinks he sees a... (full context)
Chapter 31
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Poverty and Injustice Theme Icon
...long after announcing his intention to go south. On Christmas Eve, he leaves at last. Philip doesn’t mind his absence, having started to look down on Hayward due to how indecisive... (full context)
Chapter 32
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Religion and Belief  Theme Icon
When Philip makes it back to England, he’s surprised how old William and Louisa are. Louisa in... (full context)
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As Philip spends more time with Miss Wilkinson, however, he realizes that she has a sense of... (full context)
Marriage and Family Theme Icon
One day, Miss Wilkinson asks Philip if he had any love affairs at Heidelberg. He gets embarrassed and says no, but... (full context)
Chapter 33
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Philip, who by now is nearly 20, can’t stop thinking about Miss Wilkinson’s story. He knows... (full context)
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One day, Miss Wilkinson gives Philip La Vie de Boheme, a book about Bohemian French life by Henri Murger. Philip is... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Marriage and Family Theme Icon
...Wilkinson is also leaving in about a month and regrets that she may never see Philip again. Philip wonders if she expects him to make some sort of romantic advance before... (full context)
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That evening on their stroll, Philip is very nervous. He misses several opportunities to kiss Miss Wilkinson, and then the walk... (full context)
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The next day, however, it is raining, meaning that Philip will have no chance to stroll with Miss Wilkinson. Miss Wilkinson has a headache and... (full context)
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The next day, the weather is better, and Philip and Miss Wilkinson again walk alone in the garden. Philip says it was unkind for... (full context)
Chapter 34
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The next day after dinner, Miss Wilkinson doesn’t let Philip kiss her, believing it was wrong of her to allow it the last time. She... (full context)
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From then on, Philip can tell that Miss Wilkinson loves him. She compliments him, and he begins taking more... (full context)
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That evening, Philip is surprised and pleased when Miss Wilkinson does indeed decide to fake a headache. Louisa... (full context)
Chapter 35
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Philip wakes early the next morning and feels satisfied with himself. Miss Wilkinson wants Philip to... (full context)
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Philip is tempted to tell someone about Miss Wilkinson. He ends up writing Hayward an eight-page... (full context)
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A few days later, Miss Wilkinson catches Philip flirting with some local young women while playing tennis. She gets furious at him later... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
...Miss Wilkinson’s departure arrives. She goes to the station and kisses Louisa good bye, then Philip, who blushes. Philip is a little relieved when she’s gone. When Philip gets back, he’s... (full context)
Chapter 36
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Philip leaves for London a few days later. He unpacks in London and tries to read... (full context)
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Poverty and Injustice Theme Icon
...young man in fancy clothes named Watson enters the office. He makes small talk with Philip about horse racing, which Philip knows nothing about. Watson mentions that Carter does his accounts.... (full context)
Chapter 37
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Philip enjoys his job at first because it’s new but eventually begins to find the repetitive... (full context)
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Philip admires how easily Watson seems to be able to start and end relationships, simply telling... (full context)
Chapter 38
Maturation and Finding Purpose Theme Icon
Poverty and Injustice Theme Icon
...the year is a busy time in the office. An older clerk named Thompson resents Philip because Philip has the potential to earn more money while Thompson is likely stuck in... (full context)
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Poverty and Injustice Theme Icon
Hayward has promised to come to London in the spring, but one day he disappoints Philip by writing that spring in Italy is too lovely for him to leave. In closing,... (full context)
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One day, Mr. Goodworthy asks Philip if he’d like to go on a work trip to Paris where he would have... (full context)
Chapter 39
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William is dismayed to hear that Philip is giving up on becoming a clerk. He tries to forbid Philip from going to... (full context)
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Hayward replies with an introduction to a school for Philip and a recommendation for a hotel. Philip makes up his mind to go. He plans... (full context)
Chapter 40
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Philip kisses Louisa one more time before leaving on a train, but he has forgotten her... (full context)
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The next day, Philip goes to meet Mrs. Otter, a woman of about 30 who is separated from her... (full context)
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In the figure drawing class, Philip talks with Clutton, a fellow student with a wry sense of humor who says he... (full context)
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After the class, Mrs. Otter comments to Philip that she thinks Miss Price is unpleasant and a bad artist but good at helping... (full context)
Chapter 41
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Later in the day, Philip wanders down the Boulevard du Montparnasse and runs into Miss Price sitting alone on a... (full context)
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At the class, Philip realizes that he can’t sketch as well as he thought he could. Afterward, he wants... (full context)
Chapter 42
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Philip goes with Clutton and his friend Lawson to a new café to try to find... (full context)
Chapter 43
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...to despise any sign that the students are becoming successful. Foinet is the first master Philip meets. Before showing her work to Foinet, Miss Price asks Philip for an opinion on... (full context)
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When it’s Philip’s turn to be judged by Foinet, Mrs. Otter says that Philip is a beginner who... (full context)
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Foinet storms out, and Philip apologizes to Miss Price for how curt Foinet was. Miss Price gets angry and doesn’t... (full context)
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Afterward, Miss Price makes plans to take Philip to more museums and galleries, like the Louvre. She talks about how she thinks Mrs.... (full context)
Chapter 44
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Miss Price takes Philip to the Louvre and shows him the Mona Lisa. Afterward, they stop at a cheap... (full context)
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Philip spends more time with Clutton and his friends. Clutton can be aloof, and Philip isn’t... (full context)
Chapter 45
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Philip comes to realize that Cronshaw is a big influence on Clutton, Lawson, and the others.... (full context)
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One day, Philip and Cronshaw have a philosophical discussion about what motivates people to be good. Cronshaw claims... (full context)
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Philip and Cronshaw leave the restaurant and find some Muslim peddlers outside. One tries to sell... (full context)
Chapter 46
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Philip runs out of money in Paris quicker than expected. He sells some of his father’s... (full context)
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Miss Price says she thought she and Philip would get along, since she was an outcast and he had his club foot. Philip... (full context)
Chapter 47
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...to criticize Lawson’s two portraits. Hayward comes to Paris for a visit—it’s the first time Philip has seen him since Heidelberg. Hayward hasn’t changed much, although Philip finds he has a... (full context)
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A couple days later, Philip and Lawson host a party. Cronshaw makes a rare appearance outside the café, and a... (full context)
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...several students make plans to leave Paris. Miss Price is disappointed when she hears that Philip too has plans to go to Moret with Lawson, where Miss Chalice will also be.... (full context)
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Moret is an old-fashioned town on the edge of a forest. Philip experiments there with oil painting. It gets hot, even at night, and he and Lawson... (full context)
Chapter 48
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When Philip makes it back to Amitrano’s he finds that Miss Price is gone and that Mrs.... (full context)
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Philip makes a new friend, a young Spanish man who sits as a model for the... (full context)
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One day, Philip gets a letter from Miss Price, asking him to come at once and saying she... (full context)
Chapter 49
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Philip learns that Miss Price was living in poverty. He finds a letter from her brother,... (full context)
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Philip looks at the paintings that fellow student Flanagan is submitting to the Salon and is... (full context)
Chapter 50
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Philip can’t stop thinking of Miss Price’s death. He also begins to feel disconnected from other... (full context)
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Philip finishes his portrait of Miguel and sends it to the Salon, even though he’s unsure... (full context)
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Philip fears there’s no point in being a painter if he’ll only ever be a mediocre... (full context)
Chapter 51
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Two months pass. Philip begins to have doubts about the artistic life, feeling that it’s better to try to... (full context)
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Foinet tells Philip that it’s a myth that poverty improves art and that it’s better for an artist... (full context)
Chapter 52
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Philip comes to Blackstable the day after getting the letter. He expects that William will be... (full context)
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...suggestions for what to put on Louisa’s tombstone. A couple days later, William suggests that Philip should stay at Blackstable for several weeks. Philip agrees but doesn’t mention that he is... (full context)
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Philip can tell William really wants a portrait, but he keeps putting it off and eventually... (full context)
Chapter 53
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Philip looks out the window of William’s house and sees the landscape as beautiful now after... (full context)
Chapter 54
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Philip’s chartered accountant exam also qualifies him for medical school, so he enrolls at St. Luke’s,... (full context)
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Philip is paired up with another young man and tasked with dissecting a leg. The other... (full context)
Chapter 55
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Philip’s ideas about medical school are largely outdated because they come from Charles Dickens. He finds... (full context)
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Philip tries to make a joke with Mildred one day at the tea shop, and she... (full context)
Chapter 56
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Philip still can’t stop thinking about Mildred. He goes back one more time and is happy... (full context)
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Philip starts to dislike Mildred again, and the next few times he returns, he ignores her.... (full context)
Chapter 57
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Philip arrives early for the date, but Mildred is late. When she does arrive, he’s annoyed... (full context)
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Philip and Mildred say good night, and Philip goes home. He thinks about how he used... (full context)
Chapter 58
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When Philip wakes the next morning, his first thought is Mildred. He goes to check on her,... (full context)
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When Philip returns on Saturday to have tea before picking Mildred up, he notices a German man... (full context)
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Later, Philip stalks Mildred to see if she’s going out with Miller. He doesn’t see Miller, but... (full context)
Chapter 59
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Philip goes home and regrets giving Mildred an ultimatum. He feels helpless and still loves Mildred... (full context)
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Philip gets overwhelmed by the urge to see Mildred again. He goes back to the tea... (full context)
Chapter 60
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Philip and Mildred dine at a humble restaurant in Soho. Mildred likes the casual atmosphere. but... (full context)
Chapter 61
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Philip begins to see Mildred every day at the shop, dining with her once or twice... (full context)
Chapter 62
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Philip tries to suppress his passion for Mildred, seeing love as a parasite. But eventually, he... (full context)
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In Paris, Philip’s old companions like Cronshaw all looked down on marriage as an institution. Still, Philip continues... (full context)
Chapter 63
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Philip fails his next anatomy exam in March, panicking during the test. He knows he’s one... (full context)
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One day at dinner, when things seem to be going well, Mildred tells Philip that she has to tell him something he won’t like: She is going to get... (full context)
Chapter 64
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That night, Philip wakes at three in the morning and thinks of Mildred. He tries to accept that... (full context)
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Hayward arrives, and he and Philip tour the city, stopping at the National Gallery. Philip offers Hayward a place to stay... (full context)
Chapter 65
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Hayward’s visit cheers Philip up and makes him think of Mildred less often. He thinks he was weak for... (full context)
Chapter 66
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Philip prepares for three new exams in July. He befriends Mrs. Norah Nesbit, a divorced woman... (full context)
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Philip tells Norah he likes her and kisses her. She seems confused and thinks it’s “silly”... (full context)
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Philip says he’d like to do something to show Norah his gratitude, and he says he’d... (full context)
Chapter 67
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Philip spends two months at Blackstable, where he gets frequent long letters from Norah. He heads... (full context)
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...named Macalister, who went to Cambridge with Hayward. Macalister likes to talk with Hayward and Philip about philosophy, especially Immanuel Kant. Philip disagrees with Kant’s concept of the Categorical Imperative, which... (full context)
Chapter 68
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One day Philip wakes up very ill. Griffiths, an older fellow student, notices that Philip is unwell and... (full context)
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Philip overhears Griffiths cancelling some social plans to care for Philip and tries to object. Griffiths... (full context)
Chapter 69
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One afternoon as he’s coming back from the hospital, Philip hears from his landlady that a woman has come to meet him. He finds Mildred... (full context)
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...if she bothered him. She accuses Miller of being stingy and lying during their relationship. Philip offers to try to make Miller come back, but Mildred doesn’t want him at this... (full context)
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Philip forgets all about Norah until he gets a telegram from her later asking if anything... (full context)
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Mildred eventually admits to Philip that she and Miller never married because he already had a wife and three kids.... (full context)
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Mildred says she remembers Philip’s marriage proposal and would do anything for him to take her again. Philip says he... (full context)
Chapter 70
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Philip hasn’t had much correspondence from Norah for a while, which surprises and irritates him. He... (full context)
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Philip thinks that Norah is worth 10 of Mildred, but he can’t help that he would... (full context)
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Norah presses Philip about what his plans tomorrow are. Philip eventually makes up a lie about having to... (full context)
Chapter 71
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Making him swear to keep things a secret, Philip tells Griffiths about his troubles. Griffiths remarks that it’s easier to start an affair with... (full context)
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That afternoon, Norah herself comes by to see Philip. She scolds him for the letter but says she doesn’t take it seriously. She apologizes... (full context)
Chapter 72
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Philip spends three months seeing Mildred daily. When Mildred’s new landlady is around, Philip poses as... (full context)
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...India. It’s a girl, and Mildred is between the names Madeleine and Cecilia. Mildred thanks Philip for being so reliable, and she promises to be his from now on. The two... (full context)
Chapter 73
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...baby is healthy. She takes the child to Brighton to find her a new family. Philip spends the time studying hard for his exams, which are particularly important given how quickly... (full context)
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Philip considers surprising Mildred in Brighton but instead writes to ask her permission to visit. She... (full context)
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At lunch, Mildred introduces Philip to Mrs. Harding, who will be taking care of her child. Mrs. Harding is the... (full context)
Chapter 74
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Mildred returns the next Sunday. She is more affectionate than usual, and Philip is very happy. Philip invites Griffiths to dine with them the next day, and Mildred... (full context)
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The next day, Griffiths shows up for tea with Mildred and Philip as planned. Philip enjoys this at first, but when gets to dinner time and Mildred... (full context)
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That evening, something about seeing Griffiths and Mildred together annoys Philip. He feels a strange desire to “torture himself” and announces that he is going out... (full context)
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Philip, Mildred, and Griffiths take the same cab home, dropping off Mildred first. Philip knows Mildred... (full context)
Chapter 75
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Philip wakes in a better mood the next day. He finds Mildred wearing a new dress... (full context)
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Philip tells Mildred it’s best not to take Griffiths too seriously. Mildred says Philip seems to... (full context)
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Philip knows Mildred is lying, but he asks anyway when her doctor expects she’ll be healthy... (full context)
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As they get ready to leave, Mildred tries to give Philip the bill for her new dress. He refuses to pay it. She figures she’ll just... (full context)
Chapter 76
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Philip sleeps badly then spends the next afternoon wondering if Mildred will come. After restlessly trying... (full context)
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Philip asks if Mildred really wants to come with him, and she says, “I don’t mind.”... (full context)
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...is surprised and grateful. She asks if it’s OK to tell the news to Griffiths.  Philip consents, although he himself doesn’t want to see Griffiths. Philip doesn’t see Mildred again until... (full context)
Chapter 77
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One Saturday afternoon, when Philip gets back from the medical school, he sees his landlady out sweeping the stairs and... (full context)
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Philip goes out and gets drunk alone. He bumps into a sex worker and she gets... (full context)
Chapter 78
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On Monday, Philip awaits Mildred’s return, and when he’s heard nothing by the evening, he decides to walk... (full context)
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On Thursday morning, Philip gets a letter in Griffiths handwriting. He begs Philip’s forgiveness, saying he can’t help himself... (full context)
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Philip takes a cab to Mildred’s place, but a maid tells him that Mildred left just... (full context)
Chapter 79
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Philip goes up to London a few days before his next session of medical school starts... (full context)
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Philip invites Lawson and Hayward to his new place for whiskey. Lawson remarks that he recently... (full context)
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When Philip enters, he’s disappointed to find that Norah isn’t alone. She introduces Philip to Mr. Kingsford,... (full context)
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Philip says they should talk. He admits he was afraid to come back and see Norah,... (full context)
Chapter 80
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For three months, Philip applies himself to his studies while the crowd of students around him thins out. One... (full context)
Chapter 81
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In the winter session of school, Philip begins to work as an out-patient clerk, working under the popular Dr. Tyrell, who is... (full context)
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Philip thinks about how the diversity of humanity that a doctor works with is similar to... (full context)
Chapter 82
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Near the end of the year, Philip gets a letter from Lawson, who is now in Paris, saying that Cronshaw is in... (full context)
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Philip can tell Cronshaw is ill, and he suggests that Cronshaw is probably suffering from cirrhosis... (full context)
Chapter 83
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One day, Philip goes to see Cronshaw at his regular restaurant and finds that Cronshaw hasn’t been in... (full context)
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Philip invites Cronshaw to come live with him for a while. Cronshaw doesn’t want to be... (full context)
Chapter 84
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In the new year, Philip gets promoted from clerk to dresser in the out-patients’ department, where his work is similar... (full context)
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Jacobs explains club foot to all the dressers, then he asks Philip to take off his sock to show everyone else the condition. A hesitant Philip agrees... (full context)
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...the end of February, Cronshaw’s condition begins to deteriorate. Cronshaw demands whiskey and cigarettes, despite Philip’s advice that all the drinking and smoking is killing him. When Philip sees Upjohn one... (full context)
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Philip tries to get Cronshaw to see a doctor, arguing that at the very least, it... (full context)
Chapter 85
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About two weeks later, Philip walks in on Cronshaw lying at an awkward angle with his mouth open. Philip takes... (full context)
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Philip telegraphs Upjohn with the news. Upjohn replies that he’s shocked and upset, but he can’t... (full context)
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...publish a journal article about Cronshaw’s life and work. The article proves quite popular, although Philip finds this heroic portrait of Cronshaw only “vaguely biographical.” The article even alludes to Philip... (full context)
Chapter 86
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Philip moves on from being an out-patient dresser to being an in-patient clerk. He finds the... (full context)
Chapter 87
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After 10 days, Thorpe Athelny is well enough to go home. He leaves Philip his address and tells him to come dine with him on Sunday. When Philip first... (full context)
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Athelny and Philip eat out on their own. Athelny says he’s glad his wife, Betty, is the daughter... (full context)
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Athelny jumps from topic to topic, mentioning to Philip how he had a first wife who was indeed a lady but how the marriage... (full context)
Chapter 88
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After the meal, Athelny’s children come in to see him and Philip. Betty comes in too and says she’s about to head out to church and to... (full context)
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Athelny gets very excited about some paintings by El Greco and shows Philip photographs of them, including one depicting Toledo, a place where Athelny spent a lot of... (full context)
Chapter 89
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...offers to serve the tea to the children so that Betty can join Athelny and Philip. Betty tells Philip she’s from Kent, and when Philip brings up Blackstable, she recognizes the... (full context)
Chapter 90
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Philip goes to see the Athelnys for six weeks in a row. One day, when the... (full context)
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Philip and Mildred take a cab to a building where an old woman leads them to... (full context)
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Mildred begins to cry and says she’d do anything to have a different life. Philip is moved, and suddenly he has an idea. He offers Mildred and her child a... (full context)
Chapter 91
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Philip prepares his spare room, where Cronshaw once died, and the next day, Mildred comes to... (full context)
Chapter 92
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The next day, Tuesday, Philip rushes through breakfast to attend a lecture, barely speaking to Mildred. He comes back in... (full context)
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Macalister brags about money he made in a recent deal. Philip is jealous, fearing he may run out of money before the end of medical school.... (full context)
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A week passes, and Mildred settles in. Philip is a little dismayed when he learns that Mildred lied to his landlady, claiming that... (full context)
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One nice evening, Mildred convinces Philip to take her out for some entertainment, saying they can leave the baby behind to... (full context)
Chapter 93
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...She stays in her room until it’s time to prepare dinner, then she chops poorly. Philip asks if her poor mood is because of their discussion about just being friends. Philip... (full context)
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Philip tries to maintain healthy boundaries between himself and Mildred, even as he continues to sometimes... (full context)
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Around the middle of July, Philip goes to the tavern with Macalister, and finally Macalister has a tip for him about... (full context)
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The next day, Philip eagerly checks about the fortune of his stock. Mildred tells him there’s no news, then... (full context)
Chapter 94
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Philip finally tells Jacobs that he wants the operation on his club foot. Jacobs doesn’t offer... (full context)
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When Philip and Mildred arrive in Brighton in August, they find the boarding house has only a... (full context)
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At the boarding house, Mildred lies to the other guests that she and Philip are married. This trip is the most time Philip has spent with Mildred since he’s... (full context)
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Philip thinks of his plans for the future and how after his fourth year of school... (full context)
Chapter 95
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Philip and Mildred return to London, and Philip starts dressing in a surgical ward. He is... (full context)
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Philip’s financial worries grow, in part because Mildred is bad with money. Mildred occasionally goes out... (full context)
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Philip decorates his flat for Christmas. While Mildred and Philip are sitting around the fire with... (full context)
Chapter 96
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About three weeks later, Mildred’s frustration with Philip comes to a head. At first, she was glad to join Philip and leave behind... (full context)
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Mildred initially wanted to find work to become independent of Philip, but as more time passes, she begins to fall back into her old habit of... (full context)
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Now, one evening at the beginning of February when Philip is out late celebrating Lawson’s birthday, Mildred decides that she wants to use Philip’s drunkenness... (full context)
Chapter 97
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Philip wakes the next morning late and rushes out. Mildred doesn’t answer his knocks, so he... (full context)
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When Philip returns to his flat that evening, he finds the whole place wrecked. Mildred took all... (full context)
Chapter 98
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...soon be peace—and that the war’s end will result in a market boom. He assures Philip it’s a safe investment, and Philip puts his faith in Macalister’s judgment to oversee his... (full context)
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Hayward tells Philip that he’s going down to fight in the war as a trooper. Philip is surprised... (full context)
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That evening, Philip looks at his finances and finds that he has only seven pounds. He writes William... (full context)
Chapter 99
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Philip starts to sell his clothes and combines lunch and dinner into one meal. He borrows... (full context)
Chapter 100
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It’s Saturday, the day when Philip has promised to pay his landlady, but he doesn’t have the money. He wants to... (full context)
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Philip stretches Lawson’s money over several days but begins to feel ill and weak from so... (full context)
Chapter 101
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Philip is moved when he sees Athelny’s children and they tell him how much they missed... (full context)
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At dinner, Philip is so hungry that he paradoxically finds it difficult to eat. After dinner, he and... (full context)
Chapter 102
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Athelny promises Philip a job at Lynn and Sedley, the linendrapers firm where Athelny works, explaining that many... (full context)
Chapter 103
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Betty gives Philip enough money to pay off his debt to his landlady. He collects his few remaining... (full context)
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Philip learns that there are regular social evenings for his job, but that they’re paid for... (full context)
Chapter 104
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The social evening happens every other Monday. Philip attends with his coworker Mrs. Hodges, a divorced woman of 54 who takes an immediate... (full context)
Chapter 105
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Philip receives his wages once a month. Of Philip’s monthly salary, 18 shillings remain after all... (full context)
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Philip tries to keep reading his medical books so as not to forget what he learned,... (full context)
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Once a month, Philip has to go in early and stay late to manage the sweepers in the shop,... (full context)
Chapter 106
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Philip doesn’t see much of his old friends: Macalister is embarrassed after letting them all down... (full context)
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Lawson invites Philip to dinner, but while Philip is touched, he still refuses, not wanting to have to... (full context)
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Philip seeks solitude, which he’s had very little of since taking his new job. His walk... (full context)
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Philip wonders what the point of living is, feeling that his own life is unimportant. He... (full context)
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Philip sees lives as following woven patterns, like the Persian rug. Some lives, like Hayward’s, are... (full context)
Chapter 107
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The buyer Mr. Sampson starts to like Philip. He’s a handsome man and sees in Philip a fellow gentleman. The clients at Lynn... (full context)
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One day, when Philip has been at the shop about five months, a well-known performer named Alice Antonia comes... (full context)
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Philip goes to watch one of Alice Antonia’s performances and is thrilled to see her wearing... (full context)
Chapter 108
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Philip receives a letter from William inviting him to visit in Blackstable. William says he came... (full context)
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On the day before his holiday, Mr. Sampson calls Philip over and asks his salary. He tells Philip he’ll raise his salary from six shillings... (full context)
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When Philip returns to Blackstable, he’s amazed at how skinny, yellow, and weary William looks. Philip suspects... (full context)
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In the afternoon, Dr. Wigram comes over, and when they’re alone, Philip asks him about William’s condition. Philip tries to ask how much longer William will live,... (full context)
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Philip finds it interesting that a man as religious as William clings to mortal life. The... (full context)
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Philip starts learning Spanish from Athelny, with plans of one day visiting Spain. Betty teases Philip... (full context)
Chapter 109
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One day, Philip gets a short letter sent to him at the hospital and addressed to “Phil.” It’s... (full context)
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Philip heads to the shabby neighborhood where Mildred now lives. She invites him into her small,... (full context)
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Mildred tells Philip she has a rash that won’t go away. He examines her throat and begins to... (full context)
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The fear of death that Philip sees in Mildred reminds him of the similar look in William. Mildred offers to take... (full context)
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Mildred takes her medicine as directed and begins go get better. Philip visits her daily. Mildred says things will turn around for her as soon as she... (full context)
Chapter 110
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The shop where Philip works closes for four days around Christmas. He writes to ask William whether he could... (full context)
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...William talks about is his health, complaining about doctor’s bills. He takes little interest in Philip’s life. Philip sees that Mrs. Foster really cares about trying to make William comfortable. Meanwhile,... (full context)
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On Boxing Day, Philip looks around the house at things he could sell after William’s death and finds little... (full context)
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Philip wants to change the subject, so he asks about Miss Wilkinson. William replies he got... (full context)
Chapter 111
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Philip goes back to work, expecting to hear of William’s death in a few weeks, but... (full context)
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When Philip arrives in Blackstable, he sees Mrs. Foster and knows at once that William is still... (full context)
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Dr. Wigram tells Philip that Mrs. Foster is suspicious and thinks William won’t die because he has a confession... (full context)
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The curate, Mr. Simmonds, arrives with Mrs. Foster and gives William Communion. Philip and Mrs. Foster leave William alone with the curate for a while, but then Philip... (full context)
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...dying. The doctor seems to be getting restless. Knowing that Wigram can do no more, Philip dismisses him. Mrs. Foster sends William out to speak with a carpenter who makes coffins... (full context)
Chapter 112
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Josiah Graves arranges a modest funeral for William. Afterward, Josiah tells Philip what William left behind for him. The total adds up to about 500 pounds—it’s a... (full context)
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Philip goes back to the hospital, telling them simply that he had to settle some private... (full context)
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Philip watches boys play cricket and feels melancholy, thinking of how he wasted time when he... (full context)
Chapter 113
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At the end of August, Philip begins working as an assistant to a midwife. The job takes him to different parts... (full context)
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From spending time with these impoverished families, Philip comes to see that losing a job is often even worse than death. Philip finds... (full context)
Chapter 114
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After 62 cases, Philip’s time assisting a midwife is near the end. Just as he’s ending a hard day,... (full context)
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Chandler walks Philip back and says he knows it’s rough to see cases like that. He offers Philip... (full context)
Chapter 115
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Philip’s time away from the hospital has reinvigorated him, and he returns to work with enthusiasm.... (full context)
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...goes on a tangent about the Byzantine Empire. Still, he is handsome and agreeable, and Philip thinks he’ll be a good match for Sally. After he leaves, Athelny gives his approval,... (full context)
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...that it would be a shame to miss that chance—it’s one of the few times Philip has heard Betty refer to financial matters. Sally, however, remains firm. She smiles when she... (full context)
Chapter 116
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Philip works hard during his last year at the hospital. He spends much of his time... (full context)
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In August, seven years after he began his medical studies, Philip passes his last exam and gets his diploma. A secretary tells him about a one-month... (full context)
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Philip goes to Farnley and is immediately caught off guard when Dr. South doesn’t greet him... (full context)
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That evening, Dr. South walks in on Philip when he’s reading Peregrine Pickle by Smollett. Dr. South recognizes the book, but when Philip... (full context)
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Philip realizes that Dr. South’s difficult reputation comes from the fact that he is an old-fashioned... (full context)
Chapter 117
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Philip writes to Athelny about his job in Dorsetshire. Athelny responds with a beautifully written letter... (full context)
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When Philip returns from the house call, having stopped to watch the sunset on the way back,... (full context)
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Although Philip knows Dr. South has made him a good offer, he refuses. His mind has been... (full context)
Chapter 118
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Philip makes it to Ferne, Betty’s hometown. Athelny meets him at the station and takes him... (full context)
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Betty tells Philip how their family gets up early to work, and Athelny insists that Philip should join... (full context)
Chapter 119
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Philip doesn’t have his own hops basket, so he helps Sally. She’s very skillful at picking,... (full context)
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After supper, Philip is exhausted. When Betty sends Sally out to buy tea, however, Philip decides to join... (full context)
Chapter 120
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Philip sleeps deeply. When he wakes the next morning, he’s nervous about seeing Sally. But as... (full context)
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In the evening, Philip is alone with Sally again while she cooks supper. Still feeling unsure about where he... (full context)
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Sally has Philip call the family for supper. They make plans to walk together in the evening. He... (full context)
Chapter 121
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After the hops are picked, Philip returns to London to his appointment as a house-physician at St. Luke’s hospital. He finds... (full context)
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One day, three weeks after he returns to London, Sally comes to Philip looking worried. When Philip sees her, he senses her fear and begins to worry, too... (full context)
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Philip knows that he and Sally both took a risk knowing the consequences. He knows he’ll... (full context)
Chapter 122
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Philip plans to meet Sally on Saturday at the National Gallery, two days after the last... (full context)
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When Sally arrives, she tells Philip it was just a false alarm: she isn’t pregnant. She expects Philip’s reaction to be... (full context)
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Philip realizes that for all his high ideals, there might be nothing wrong with the typical... (full context)