Sickness and Health
Nietzsche uses the metaphor of physical “health” to symbolize cultures that encourage humans to thrive, flourish, and experience joy. To Nietzsche, healthy cultures embrace a moral code that acknowledges humans are innately aggressive, adventurous creatures…
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Bad Air
Nietzsche uses the metaphor of “bad air”—essentially, the stench of diseased, rotting corpses—to represent 19th-century European culture’s stagnant, regressive state. Nietzsche thinks that European culture stunts humanity, because its moral code encourages people to be…
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Beasts of Prey
Nietzsche uses the image of a “beast of prey” to symbolize humanity’s natural tendency toward strength, aggression, and predatory behavior. He argues that many ancient cultures (including Ancient Greece and Rome) valorized being strong, aggressive…
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