Pedro Páramo
by Juan Rulfo
Susana San Juan is one of the novel’s central characters along with Pedro Páramo (her second husband) and Juan Preciado (one of Pedro’s many illegitimate sons). Her return to Comala and marriage to Pedro Páramo are the most significant plotline in the book’s second half. Susana is born and raised in Comala, where she and Pedro are childhood friends. But her mother dies when she is young, and she follows her father, Bartolomé, to the Andromeda mine in the mountains. It’s unclear whether Bartolomé is really her father at all, or whether their relationship is sexual as well as familial. In adulthood, Susana marries a man named Florencio, and she never falls out of love with him, even though he dies young. She returns to Bartolomé at the Andromeda mine, but when armed conflict breaks out in the area around the beginning of the Mexican Revolution (1911), they return to Comala, and she insists on marrying Pedro in order to get away from Bartolomé. She lives out the rest of her life locked inside her room and her imagination. Bedridden, she constantly relives both pleasant and traumatic memories. Once she dies, her ghost does the same thing in her grave, while the ghosts of Dorotea and Juan Preciado listen to her from a distance and try to reconstruct her story. Because Susana is so lost in her own mind, she and Pedro never establish communication during their marriage; indeed, Susana only ever talks directly to Justina, her dear friend and longtime maid. Susana and Pedro represent opposite principles. She is associated with water, and he is associated with stone; she is dynamic and spontaneous, while he develops elaborate plots to control others; she is emotional, and he is unfeeling. The circumstances of her last days represent the way beauty, creativity, and freedom of thought are fundamentally indestructible but are often stifled and stunted by power, order, and hierarchy (especially patriarchy). Pedro’s attempts to win Susana’s heart through bribery and coercion are doomed to fail, which shows that the human love and freedom that Pedro destroys have an infinitely greater value than the gold and property he gains in the process.

Susana San Juan Quotes in Pedro Páramo

The Pedro Páramo quotes below are all either spoken by Susana San Juan or refer to Susana San Juan. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Death, Hope, and Despair Theme Icon
).

Fragments 1-12, Pages 3-24 Quotes

Water dripping from the roof tiles was forming a hole in the sand of the patio. Plink! plink! and then another plink! as drops struck a bobbing, dancing laurel leaf caught in a crack between the adobe bricks. The storm had passed. Now an intermittent breeze shook the branches of the pomegranate tree, loosing showers of heavy rain, spattering the ground with gleaming drops that dulled as they sank into the earth. The hens, still huddled on their roost, suddenly flapped their wings and strutted out to the patio, heads bobbing, pecking worms unearthed by the rain. As the clouds retreated the sun flashed on the rocks, spread an iridescent sheen, sucked water from the soil, shone on sparkling leaves stirred by the breeze.

Related Characters: Pedro Páramo, Dolores Preciado (Juan’s Mother), Susana San Juan
Related Symbols: Rain and Water
Page Number and Citation: 11-12
Explanation and Analysis:

Hundreds of meters above the clouds, far, far above everything, you are hiding, Susana. Hiding in God’s immensity, behind His Divine Providence where I cannot touch you or see you, and where my words cannot reach you.

Related Characters: Pedro Páramo (speaker), Susana San Juan
Page Number and Citation: 13
Explanation and Analysis:

Fragments 37-46, Pages 61-85 Quotes

I waited thirty years for you to return, Susana. I wanted to have it all. Not just part of it, but everything there was to have, to the point that there would be nothing left for us to want, no desire but your wishes. How many times did I ask your father to come back here to live, telling him I needed him. I even tried deceit.

Related Characters: Pedro Páramo (speaker), Susana San Juan, Dorotea, Juan Preciado, Bartolomé San Juan
Page Number and Citation: 82
Explanation and Analysis:

Fragments 47-59, Pages 86-108 Quotes

“Hand me that, Susana!”
She picked up the skull in both hands, but when the light struck it fully, she dropped it.
“It’s a dead man’s skull,” she said.
“You should find something else there beside it. Hand me whatever’s there.”
The skeleton broke into individual bones: the jawbone fell away as if it were sugar. She handed it up to him, piece afterpiece, down to the toes, which she handed him joint by joint. The skull had been first, the round ball that had disintegrated in her hands.
“Keep looking, Susana. For money. Round gold coins. Look everywhere, Susana.”
And then she did not remember anything, until days later she came to in the ice: in the ice of her father’s glare.

Related Characters: Bartolomé San Juan (speaker), Susana San Juan (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 91
Explanation and Analysis:

“I went back. I would always go back. The sea bathes my ankles and retreats, it bathes my knees, my thighs; it puts its gentle arm around my waist, circles my breasts, embraces my throat, presses my shoulders. Then I sink into it, my whole body, I give myself to is pulsing strength, to is gentle possession, holding nothing back.
“‘I love to swim in the sea,’ I told him.
“But he didn’t understand.
“And the next morning I was again in the sea, purifying myself. Giving myself to the waves.”

Related Characters: Susana San Juan (speaker), Florencio
Related Symbols: Rain and Water
Page Number and Citation: 96
Explanation and Analysis:

Fragments 60-68, Pages 109-124 Quotes

“I… I saw doña Susanita die.”
“What are you saying, Dorotea?”
“What I just told you.”

Related Characters: Juan Preciado (speaker), Dorotea (speaker), Susana San Juan
Page Number and Citation: 115
Explanation and Analysis:

People began arriving from other places, drawn by the endless pealing. They came from Contla, as if on a pilgrimage. And even farther. A circus showed up, who knows from where, with a whirligig and flying chairs. And musicians. First they came as if they were onlookers, but after a while they settled in and even played concerts. And so, little by little, the event turned into a fiesta. Comala was bustling with people, boisterous and noisy, just like the feast days when it was nearly impossible to move through the village.
The bells fell silent, but the fiesta continued. There was no way to convince people that this was an occasion for mourning. Nor was there any way to get them to leave. Just the opposite, more kept arriving.
[…]
Don Pedro spoke to no one. He never left his room. He swore to wreak vengeance on Comala:
“I will cross my arms and Comala will die of hunger.”
And that was what happened.

Related Characters: Pedro Páramo (speaker), Susana San Juan
Page Number and Citation: 116-117
Explanation and Analysis:
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Susana San Juan Character Timeline in Pedro Páramo

The timeline below shows where the character Susana San Juan appears in Pedro Páramo. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Fragments 1-12, Pages 3-24
History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
...too long in the bathroom. He is busy thinking about flying kites with his crush, Susana, in the hills above Comala. He leaves and tells his mother that he was just... (full context)
Death, Hope, and Despair Theme Icon
Power and Morality Theme Icon
History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
Love and Patriarchy Theme Icon
...he was watching the rain, but she seems to know that he was thinking about Susana, who is in heaven now. His grandmother sends him to clean the mill, but the... (full context)
Death, Hope, and Despair Theme Icon
Power and Morality Theme Icon
History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
Love and Patriarchy Theme Icon
Fragment 8. Pedro listens to the rain and falls asleep thinking about Susana. It’s still dark when he wakes. Pedro’s mother and Pedro’s grandmother are finishing their prayers... (full context)
Death, Hope, and Despair Theme Icon
Power and Morality Theme Icon
History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
Love and Patriarchy Theme Icon
Fragment 10. Pedro Páramo remembers Susana’s death, her desire to leave Comala, and her affection for him. Pedro watches another man... (full context)
Fragments 37-46, Pages 61-85
Death, Hope, and Despair Theme Icon
History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
Fragment 41. An unidentified woman (who later turns out to be Susana) imagines she is in the bed where her mother died, and she grieves for her.... (full context)
History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
Love and Patriarchy Theme Icon
...Juan asks if Dorotea was talking in her sleep. Dorotea replies that it is doña Susana, who is buried nearby. She was the last wife to Pedro Páramo, and she still... (full context)
Power and Morality Theme Icon
History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
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Susana starts moaning again and Dorotea asks Juan to listen closely. Dorotea says that Pedro loved... (full context)
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Fragment 44. Pedro reminisces about Susana, who left Comala in her childhood and did not return for 30 years. He declares... (full context)
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Fragment 45. Bartolomé San Juan tells Susana, his daughter, that Comala smells unlucky. Everything was alive in La Andromeda, the mine where... (full context)
Death, Hope, and Despair Theme Icon
Love and Patriarchy Theme Icon
Susana insists on going with Pedro. Bartolomé points out that Pedro has already had many other... (full context)
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Fragment 46. Pedro Páramo declares that Susana is the most beautiful woman in the world and then asks Fulgor to make Bartolomé... (full context)
Fragments 47-59, Pages 86-108
Power and Morality Theme Icon
History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
Love and Patriarchy Theme Icon
...through town and buys some rosemary before returning to the Media Luna ranch and visiting Susana’s pitch-black room. A voice tells her to leave town, but she insists that she needs... (full context)
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Susana wakes up and asks what is wrong. She reprimands Justina for screaming, although Justina denies... (full context)
Love and Patriarchy Theme Icon
Fragment 48. Susana wakes up in the middle of the rainy night and then goes back to sleep.... (full context)
Death, Hope, and Despair Theme Icon
Power and Morality Theme Icon
History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
Love and Patriarchy Theme Icon
Susana remembers once visiting the Andromeda mine with Bartolomé as a young girl. He lowered her... (full context)
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Fragment 49. After the rain stops falling in Comala, the harsh winds continue. Susana is lying in bed when someone opens her bedroom door. She asks if it is... (full context)
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History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
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...does not much mourn Fulgor, whom he thinks served his purpose. Instead, he worries about Susana, who spends all her time in bed, in a constant state of anxiety. He spent... (full context)
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Fragment 51. Back in the present, Dorotea and Juan Preciado listen to Susana talk about swimming naked in the ocean with a man. He did not much enjoy... (full context)
History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
Love and Patriarchy Theme Icon
Fragment 54. In the present, Dorotea and Juan Preciado again listen to Susana talk from beyond the grave. Susana talks about her memories: warming her feet between someone’s... (full context)
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Fragment 55. Susana dreams about being with Florencio and then learning of his death. When a huge, stoic... (full context)
Power and Morality Theme Icon
...nearby town. Damasio agrees and leads his army off into the night. Meanwhile, Pedro mourns Susana and realizes that the young girl he has since taken in as a lover will... (full context)
Fragments 60-68, Pages 109-124
Death, Hope, and Despair Theme Icon
Power and Morality Theme Icon
Fragment 60. At daybreak, Susana tells Justina that life and the world are made of nothing but sin. Justina believes... (full context)
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Outside, Justina reports to Pedro that Susana has given up on life. Father Rentería was supposed to bring her communion today, but... (full context)
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History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
...at the Media Luna ranch has gone dark. For the last three years, this window—reportedly Susana’s—has been lit up every night. The women wonder whether Susana might have died. Angeles sympathizes... (full context)
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...Angeles and Fausta see Doctor Valencia hurrying toward the Media Luna, before the light in Susana’s room comes back on. They hope Father Rentería makes it to hear Susana’s last confession... (full context)
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Fragment 62. Father Rentería tells Susana to say “My mouth is filled with earth,” but she doesn’t understand. He explains that... (full context)
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History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
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...Valencia, and the other men waiting in the doorway. He decides he has to give Susana the chance to repent, but she just tells him to leave. Justina starts sobbing in... (full context)
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Fragment 63. Dorotea says that she watched Susana die. This confuses Juan, but Dorotea says she really means it. (full context)
Death, Hope, and Despair Theme Icon
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History, Memory, and Narrative Theme Icon
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...churches in Comala are ringing their bells on the morning of December 8th to mark Susana’s death. They do not stop for days. People, musicians, and circus performers from Contla and... (full context)
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Fragment 66. Years after Susana’s death, Pedro spends all night alone in his chair, unable to sleep and waiting to... (full context)
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...nothing new, because “some part of him die[s] every day.” He returns to thinking about Susana and imagines being blinded by her beauty in the moonlight. Then, he realizes that he... (full context)