In Pudd’nhead Wilson, Mark Twain explores the theme of foreignness and xenophobia through the characters of Luigi and Angelo, the Italian twins whose presence unsettles the racially and socially rigid town of Dawson’s Landing. Twain’s early drafts of the novel conceived of the twins as conjoined; while he ultimately changed the twins to instead be identical, the characters retain an aura of extreme otherness. Their European origin, flamboyant manners, and Luigi’s bejeweled knife—given to him by an Indian prince—all contribute to the townspeople’s original fascination with the twins, whom they view less as individuals and more as spectacle. Aunt Patsy and her daughter Rowena, who host the twins in their home, are excited to display their guests to the curious citizens of Dawson’s Landing at a reception that functions like a theatrical performance; similarly, Judge Driscoll exhibits the twins in his carriage after the reception. In these ways, the twins are forced to relive their demeaning childhood, when they were displayed at museums in order to pay off their deceased parents’ debts. Still, the townspeople welcome the twins despite their otherness.
Later, however, after Dawson’s Landing witnesses more thefts and the murder of Judge Driscoll, the twins, despite their wealth, education, and charm, become targets of gossip and suspicion. Twain uses the townspeople’s shifting responses to the twins to satirize the narrow-mindedness and provincialism of American society, highlighting how quickly a fascination with otherness can turn to fear and prejudice. At the same time, Twain himself does not fully avoid the stereotypes he critiques; his depiction of the twins occasionally relies on caricature. Nevertheless, Twain uses the Italian twins to reveal how xenophobia operates, showing that even White foreigners are treated with suspicion and exclusion in a society obsessed with rigid social and cultural boundaries.
Foreignness and Xenophobia ThemeTracker
Foreignness and Xenophobia Quotes in Pudd’nhead Wilson
Chapter 5 Quotes
“Italians! How romantic! Just think, ma—there’s never been one in this town, and everybody will be dying to see them, and they’re all ours! Think of that!”
Chapter 7 Quotes
The twins had accepted several invitations while the reception was in progress, and had also volunteered to play some duets at an amateur entertainment for the benefit of a local charity. Society was eager to receive them to its bosom. Judge Driscoll had the good fortune to secure them for an immediate drive, and to be the first to display them in public. They entered his buggy with him, and were paraded down the main street, everybody flocking to the windows and sidewalks to see.
Chapter 14 Quotes
“When I supposed these stones were glass and this ivory bone, the thing hadn’t any interest for me because it hadn’t any value, and couldn’t help me out of my trouble. But now—why, now it is full of interest; yes, and of a sort to break a body’s heart. It’s a bag of gold that has turned to dirt and ashes in my hands. It could save me, and save me so easily, and yet I’ve got to go to ruin. It’s like drowning with a life-preserver in my reach.”
Chapter 15 Quotes
“Gain. Oh, nothing that you would value, maybe. But they are strangers making their way in a new community. Is it nothing to them to appear as pets of an Oriental prince—at no expense? Is it nothing to them to be able to dazzle this poor little town with thousand-dollar rewards—at no expense? Wilson, there isn’t any such knife, or your scheme would have fetched it to light. Or if there is any such knife, they’ve got it yet.”
Chapter 17 Quotes
The closing speech was made by Judge Driscoll, and he made it against both of the foreigners. It was disastrously effective. He poured out rivers of ridicule upon them, and forced the big mass-meeting to laugh and applaud. He scoffed at them as adventurers and mountebanks, side-show riff-raff, dime-museum freaks; he assailed their showy titles with measureless derision; he said they were back-alley barbers disguised as nobilities, pea-nut pedlers masquerading as gentlemen, organ-grinders bereft of the brother-monkey.
Chapter 19 Quotes
After a moment or two he ventured forward again—one step—reached for his prize and seized it, dropping the knife-sheath. Then he felt the old man’s strong grip upon him, and a wild cry of ‘Help! help!’ rang in his ear. Without hesitation he drove the knife home—and was free. Some of the notes escaped from his left hand and fell into the blood on the floor. He dropped the knife and snatched them up and started to fly; transferred them to his left hand and seized the knife again, in his fright and confusion, but remembered himself and flung it from him, as being a dangerous witness to carry away with him.



