Purgatorio
by Dante Alighieri
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Purgatorio: Canto 10 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
The gate of Purgatory slams shut behind Dante and Virgil, and they climb cautiously up a narrow, zigzagging cleft of rock. They eventually stop to rest on a deserted road that circles the mountain—a ledge that’s about the width of three body-lengths. Around them, Dante notices beautiful images carved into the marble bank, which Virgil encourages him to study carefully. The images include the Angel Gabriel addressing the Virgin Mary, David dancing before the Ark of the Covenant, and the legend of Trajan and the poor widow.
In this canto, Dante and Virgil reach the lower level of Purgatory—the first of three levels where they will witness souls being purged of the sin of love perverted. On each level, there will be examples of the positive virtue corresponding to the specific sin that’s being purged—in this case, humility in place of pride. The examples here include God’s humility in becoming a man (the impending event Gabriel announced to Mary) and Mary’s humble acceptance; David’s humility in freely dancing in celebration before the Ark of the Covenant; and the classical story of the emperor Trajan, who was loved by the people for his simplicity and justice.
Active Themes
Purgatory and the Heavenward Journey Theme Icon
Love, Sin, and God Theme Icon
Dante and Virgil notice humanlike forms moving toward them, but their appearance is strange, as they are bent almost to the ground. Dante realizes that these are souls doing penance for the sin of pride. Each soul is bearing a stone, its heaviness matching the weight of his or her sin.
Active Themes
Purgatory and the Heavenward Journey Theme Icon
Love, Sin, and God Theme Icon