Regeneration

by

Pat Barker

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Regeneration: Chapter 13 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Rivers recommends Burns for “unconditional discharge” from the military on account of his mental state. During the examining board, while other officials are interviewing Burns, Rivers sees a bee caught against a pane of glass. To the surprise of everyone in the room, he walks over and uses a piece of paper to guide the bee through the open crack, watching as it flies away.
The bee operates as a brief but potent symbol for Burns, reflecting both the unusual level of care Rivers has for a seemingly insignificant being, as well as the gentle push to freedom he is giving Burns in hope that he will find some way to live out the rest of his life as best he can.
Themes
Trauma and Mental Illness Theme Icon
Quotes
Rivers visits Prior in the sick bay yet again, since he passed out on the train with Sarah on their way home after the other passengers’ cigarette smoke constricted his lungs. Rivers tells Prior that he called for a physician to assess Prior’s breathing capacity, and that in Rivers’s mind, Prior should not go back to combat. However, Prior insists that he wants to return to combat, since he feels like he no longer belongs here amongst civilians, like he’s from a different world. Also, Prior admits that he wants to go into politics someday, and military service is the most important thing for that, though he feels as if he won’t be able without an Oxford or Cambridge degree. Rivers assures him that he can; he himself has no such degree.
Unlike Sassoon’s desire to return to combat for the sake of protecting other people, Prior’s desire to return to combat seems mostly motivated by his desire to live up to society’s ideal of a dutiful, masculine man, both for the sake of his self-image and his future career. Prior feels alienated from civilian life, but he earlier admitted to feeling alienated as an officer as well, making him a tragic figure, isolated by society’s expectations of men and the horrible experiences he’s had while trying to live up to those expectations.
Themes
Masculinity, Expectations, and Psychological Health Theme Icon
War, Duty, and Loyalty Theme Icon
Trauma and Mental Illness Theme Icon
Alienation vs. Belonging Theme Icon
Quotes
While Rivers is shaving in his room, a nurse bangs on his door and tells him that Anderson started screaming in his room about blood. Rivers rushes to see him and finds that indeed Anderson is screaming, but the only blood is a few spots on the sink where his roommate cut himself shaving. Even so, Anderson soiled his own bed. Once he calms a bit, Rivers leaves to finish shaving.
Anderson’s extreme phobia of blood, especially as someone who once performed constant amputations, illustrates the severe damage war trauma can wreak on a person’s psyche, demonstrating once again the terrible and horrific costs of war and the lasting pain it leaves behind even for the survivors.
Themes
Trauma and Mental Illness Theme Icon
The rest of Rivers’s day consists of back-to-back meetings with fussy patients, administrative meetings, and a short conversation with Bryce about Broadbent, who, while on leave, sent a telegram claiming his mother died and he needed more time for the funeral, which was granted. Broadbent eventually returned, receiving sympathetic attention from the VADs until Broadbent’s very-much-alive mother arrived at Craiglockhart herself, complaining that her son never writes or visits. Broadbent is going to be court-martialed. That night, Rivers awakens with sharp pain in his chest, which worries him. The next morning, after Bryce looks him over, they agree that Rivers is developing his own war neurosis and must take three weeks’ leave from the hospital to rest and recover his nerves.
Although Broadbent serves no particular purpose within the greater narrative, his downfall does provide a brief moment of levity in what is otherwise a rather dark section of the story. More importantly, Rivers’s development of his own war neurosis suggests both that the constant stress and second-hand trauma he experiences (by reliving his patients’ traumatic experiences alongside them) take their toll even on people not in immediate danger. That even a doctor could develop symptoms of shell shock flatly denies the idea that soldiers invent their neuroses to get out of combat duty.
Themes
War, Duty, and Loyalty Theme Icon
Trauma and Mental Illness Theme Icon
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Sassoon notes that Rivers is not at dinner again, nor has he been for several days, and he knows the doctor is due to go on leave. After dinner, Sassoon goes to Owen’s room to visit and see how the poetry is going. As they are speaking and writing, Sassoon hears a quiet but continuous tapping outside, though Owen cannot hear it. Back in his own room, as he tries to sleep, Sassoon still hears the quiet but distinct tapping. Waking in the middle of the night, Sassoon sees one of his former men standing silently in the corner of the room, even though he knows that man died months ago. Sassoon looks to the window and looks back; the man is gone.
The return of Sassoon’s hallucinations suggests that his safety and comfort in Craiglockhart while others fight and die causes him enough mental duress to trigger a mental episode, though not a full breakdown. Sassoon’s experience of such hallucinations, even though he is not traumatized or in combat, suggests that mental breakdown is more a product of prolonged stress than a single horrific or dangerous incident.
Themes
War, Duty, and Loyalty Theme Icon
Male Relationships Theme Icon
Trauma and Mental Illness Theme Icon
Sassoon’s palms sweat and his heart pounds, even though this hallucination was far more dignified and peaceful than his past ones had been; no nightmares, no gore. He needs to speak with Rivers, but when morning comes, Sassoon discovers that Rivers left already on an early train. Sassoon wanders back upstairs, “unable to account for his sense of loss.” Rivers, he realizes, has entirely taken his father’s place within Sassoon’s mind. Although he knows Rivers will only be gone three weeks, his departure makes Sassoon feel just as he did when he was five years old and his father left him behind.
Parent-child relationships surface occasionally, exploring the manner in which the parent-child model dominates society in such a way that even adults of equal age will arrange themselves into paternal or maternal situations. This is evident both in Sassoon’s relationship with Rivers, as well as his maternal relationship as an officer to his troops, who are effectively his children.
Themes
Masculinity, Expectations, and Psychological Health Theme Icon
War, Duty, and Loyalty Theme Icon
Male Relationships Theme Icon
Trauma and Mental Illness Theme Icon
Alienation vs. Belonging Theme Icon
Quotes