Regeneration

by

Pat Barker

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Regeneration: Chapter 6 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Rivers meets with Prior, who regained his voice in the midst of one of his nightmares. However, Prior is still extremely reticent to share any information about himself, other than that he worked as a shipping clerk before the war and was previously diagnosed as a neurasthenic before being sent to Craiglockhart. Prior resents that Rivers only ever asks questions, and remarks that Rivers seems more like a “strip of empathic wallpaper” than a person, which Rivers finds amusing. However, when it is clear that Prior will not cooperate, Rivers turns to leave. Prior is upset by this, and briefly tells him of the week before he he was hospitalized, when his unit was made to continually put themselves in danger for no other reason than the “pride of the British army.” When their hour finishes, Rivers tells him that he will see him again tomorrow.
Neurasthenia is a broad and vague term usually used to indicate that an individual is emotionally disturbed. Prior is unique among the patient characters, not only because he is actively hostile to Rivers, but also because he wants to know what Rivers is thinking. All of Rivers’s other patient-relationships are one-directional; though Rivers speaks, he rarely divulges any personal feelings or information. While Prior seems mostly an annoyance, his insistence that Rivers share his feelings too if Prior must do so represents a threat to Rivers, an attempt by an individual to get through his own repression and mental defenses, which seems to increase the irritation Rivers feels towards Prior.
Themes
Masculinity, Expectations, and Psychological Health Theme Icon
War, Duty, and Loyalty Theme Icon
Male Relationships Theme Icon
Trauma and Mental Illness Theme Icon
Rivers meets with Sassoon and they discuss the young officer’s interactions with pacifism. Despite what Graves insisted, Sassoon doesn’t feel that he was influenced much by Bertrand Russell, but more perhaps by Edward Carpenter and his book The Intermediate Sex, which he feels saved his life and helped him see that he “wasn’t just a freak.” Rivers notes that he’s read the book, but wasn’t entirely sure what to make of it. Sassoon also met the pacifist Robert Ross, but knew that Ross, as a friend of Oscar Wilde, was so intent on keeping his head down that he wouldn’t dare promote something like Sassoon’s declaration. Rivers suggests that perhaps keeping one’s head down is a good idea, since many might try to use gross personal attacks to discredit Sassoon, which Rivers does not want to see happen.
Though never explained in the book itself, Edward Carpenter’s novel is a treatise on homosexuality and a call for greater sexual freedom. The subtext of this entire conversation is that Sassoon is privately gay himself, which is reinforced by his mention of Robert Ross and Oscar Wilde, both of whom were persecuted for their sexuality by an intolerant society. Rivers’s statement that he read the book at all demonstrates that, unlike many men at the time, Rivers has no opposition to Sassoon’s sexuality whatsoever, making him a safe person for Sassoon to confide in.
Themes
Masculinity, Expectations, and Psychological Health Theme Icon
War, Duty, and Loyalty Theme Icon
Male Relationships Theme Icon
Alienation vs. Belonging Theme Icon
Though Rivers intends to spend the afternoon on paperwork, Prior’s father arrives at Craiglockhart unannounced. Prior’s father is brash and completely dismissive of Prior’s condition, stating that he thinks the mutism is just a convenient way to hide. The man also resents his son for being an officer, for having any aspirations beyond his own blue-collar life, stating that his mother is the root cause of all that reaching. Rivers notes that the man has no feeling other than “contempt” for his son, which is confirmed when Prior’s father says he might be the least bit sympathetic if Prior had actually been hit by a bullet.
Prior’s father is the embodiment of stereotypical masculinity gone utterly awry. His contempt for his son and complete dismissal of his psychological malady not only reveal society’s disregard for mental illness at the time, but also condemns such flagrant and unrestrained masculinity, suggesting that it makes one stoic to the point of callousness and a burden on anyone unfortunate enough to come into contact with it.
Themes
Masculinity, Expectations, and Psychological Health Theme Icon
War, Duty, and Loyalty Theme Icon
Trauma and Mental Illness Theme Icon
After Prior’s father leaves, Prior’s mother enters, apologizing for her husband’s behavior. She explains that her husband resents their son for being different, though she did her best to teach him to reach for a better life for himself and consider himself dignified. Rivers gathers that Prior both loves and resents his mother’s encouragement and mentoring.
Prior’s mother seems the total opposite of Prior’s father, and the contrast between them suggests that their home life would be chaotic at best. This too, seems an indictment of unbridled masculinity with nothing to temper it, since it seems that it cannot peacefully exist alongside anyone who does not embody it themselves.
Themes
Masculinity, Expectations, and Psychological Health Theme Icon
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After Prior’s mother leaves, “Captain” Broadbent (who is a doctor) arrives—Rivers resents any of the doctors there, including himself, being referred to as officers as if they were soldiers, even though they technically are. Broadbent is arrogant, vain, and showered with recognition for all sorts of accomplishments that aren’t entirely true. Rivers hates him. The fellow doctor is there to ask Rivers to put in a good word for Broadbent with Bryce, so that Broadbent can go visit his supposedly ailing mother. Rivers refuses, and Broadbent is bitter.
Broadbent plays a very minor role in the story, mainly to demonstrate that even among the good doctors at Craiglockhart, there is despicable person. Moreover, despite Rivers’s normally gentle demeanor, his hostility and outright refusal of Broadbent’s request suggests that although he is nurturing towards his patients, he is not a passive figure.
Themes
Masculinity, Expectations, and Psychological Health Theme Icon
Quotes
In the evening, while most of the patients are watching a Charlie Chaplin film in a screening room, Rivers finds Prior alone in a dark sitting room, white knuckled and wheezing. Prior mentions that the other patient’s smoking set him coughing, and Rivers realizes he has asthma and is surprised he was allowed military service with it. The young man bemoans the fact that Rivers had to meet his parents, but Rivers brushes it off. Before he leaves, Prior asks if a towel can be tied to his bedframe, since the asthma gets worse in the night and it’s helpful for him to have something to hold onto. Rivers obliges, and asks a nurse to wake him if his breathing gets any worse while he sleeps.
Rivers shows genuine sympathy and concern, depicting him as a good man who deeply cares for his patients’ wellbeing. Prior’s asthma also puts him in a physically weakened position, defying the antagonistic, tough image of himself that he’d previously tried to project to Rivers. Likewise, Prior’s placement alone in a dark room while others are gathered together reflects the alienation he will later describe from his fellow officers for not being masculine enough.
Themes
Masculinity, Expectations, and Psychological Health Theme Icon
Male Relationships Theme Icon
Alienation vs. Belonging Theme Icon