Rhinoceros
by Eugene Ionesco

Berenger Character Analysis

The play’s protagonist. Berenger is a morose and depressed alcoholic who can barely hold down his job and can’t show up anywhere on time. While he understands on some level that these habits are bad—he wants to impress his friend Jean and his coworker Daisy, and knows that his conduct won’t impress either—the play overwhelmingly positions Berenger’s unwillingness or inability to fit in with the rest of polite society as a good thing. Though he wants to make Jean happy by cleaning himself up, Berenger tries desperately to explain that he’s uncomfortable in his skin and drinks so that he can get through the day without experiencing major anxiety. His individuality, then, is exactly what allows him to stand up to the immense pressure to conform, whether that be by quitting drinking or, later, by joining the rhinoceroses. Berenger barely registers the first few rhinoceroses, unlike his companions, and isn’t swayed by the Logician’s insistence that the violence of the rhinoceroses is less important than how many horns the rhinoceroses have. Throughout the rest of the play, Berenger remains convinced that the rhinoceroses are dangerous. He refuses to sympathize with people’s reasons for becoming rhinoceroses and even declines to try to rationalize his thoughts, insisting that intuiting that they’re bad is more than enough, especially given the evidence. Witnessing Jean’s transformation firsthand is a uniquely horrifying experience for Berenger, primarily because Berenger thinks so highly of Jean and believed that someone of Jean’s character should’ve been able to resist—though he also feels this way about his coworkers and boss, all of whom eventually become rhinoceroses, too. When he and Daisy are the only two humans left, Berenger begins to abandon his fears that he’ll also become a rhinoceros and asks Daisy to have children with him so that they can regenerate the human race. Daisy’s sympathy for the rhinoceroses, however, leads Berenger to slap her, further complicating his own morally superior position. As the only human left, Berenger continues to drink, but declares that he’ll never give up his humanity or his individuality.

Berenger Quotes in Rhinoceros

The Rhinoceros quotes below are all either spoken by Berenger or refer to Berenger. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Absurdity, Logic, and Intellectualism Theme Icon
).

Act 1, Scene 1 Quotes

Berenger: Listen, Jean. There are so few distractions in this town—I get so bored. I’m not made for the work I’m doing—every day at the office, eight hours a day—and only three weeks’ holiday a year. When Saturday night comes round I feel exhausted and so—you know how it is—just to relax…

Related Characters: Berenger (speaker), Jean
Page Number and Citation: 9
Explanation and Analysis:

Jean: I just can’t get over it!

Berenger: Yes, I can see you can’t. Well, it was a rhinoceros—all right, so it was a rhinoceros. It’s miles away by now—miles away.

Jean: But you must see it’s fantastic! A rhinoceros loose in the town, and you don’t bat an eyelid. It shouldn’t be allowed. (Berenger yawns.) Put your hand in front of your mouth.

Related Characters: Jean (speaker), Berenger (speaker)
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 17
Explanation and Analysis:

Berenger: I don’t like the taste of alcohol much. […] And yet if I don’t drink, I’m done for; it’s as if I’m frightened, and so I drink not to be frightened any longer.

Jean: Frightened of what?

Berenger: […] I don’t know exactly. It’s a sort of anguish difficult to describe. I feel out of place in life, among people, and so I take to drink. That calms me down and relaxes me so I can forget.

Jean: You try to escape from yourself.

Related Characters: Jean (speaker), Berenger (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 22
Explanation and Analysis:

Berenger: (To Jean.) I’m not Asiatic, either, And in any case, Asiatics are people the same as everyone else.

Waitress: Yes, Asiatics are people the same as we are.

Old Gentleman: (To the Proprietor.) That’s true!

Related Characters: Berenger (speaker), The Waitress (speaker), The Old Gentleman (speaker), Jean
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 39
Explanation and Analysis:

Act 1, Scene 2 Quotes

Botard: You call that precise? And what, pray, does it mean by “pachyderm”? What does the editor of a dead cats column understand by a pachyderm? He doesn’t say. And what does he mean by a cat?

Dudard: Everybody knows what a cat is.

Botard: Does it concern a male cat or a female? What breed is it? And what color? The color bar is something I feel strongly about. I hate it.

Papillon: What has the color bar has to do with it, Mr. Botard? It’s quite beside the point.

Related Characters: Botard (speaker), Dudard (speaker), Mr. Papillon (speaker), Berenger, Daisy
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses, The Cat
Page Number and Citation: 50
Explanation and Analysis:

Act 2 Quotes

Jean: You always see the black side of everything. It obviously gave him great pleasure to turn into a rhinoceros. There’s nothing extraordinary in that.

Berenger: […] There’s nothing extraordinary in it, but I doubt if it gave him much pleasure.

Jean: And why not, pray?

Berenger: It’s hard to say exactly why; it’s just something you feel.

Related Characters: Berenger (speaker), Jean (speaker), Mr. Bœuf
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 84
Explanation and Analysis:

Jean: I tell you it’s not as bad as all that. […] After all, rhinoceroses are living creatures the same as us; they’ve got as much right to life as we have.

Berenger: As long as they don’t destroy ours in the process. You must admit the difference in mentality.

Jean: […] Are you under the impression— […] that our way of life is superior?

Berenger: Well, at any rate, we have our own moral standards which I consider incompatible with the standards of these animals.

Related Characters: Berenger (speaker), Jean (speaker), The Logician
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 85
Explanation and Analysis:

Act 3 Quotes

Dudard: Perhaps he felt an urge for some fresh air, the country, the wide-open spaces—perhaps he felt a need to relax. I’m not saying that’s any excuse…

Berenger: I understand what you mean, at least I’m trying to. […]

Dudard: Why get upset over a few cases of rhinoceritis? Perhaps it’s just another disease.

Related Characters: Dudard (speaker), Berenger (speaker), Jean
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 94
Explanation and Analysis:

Dudard: What if you do? They don’t attack you. If you leave them alone, they just ignore you. You can’t say they’re spiteful. They’ve even got a certain natural innocence, a sort of frankness. Besides, I walked right along the avenue to get here, and I arrived safe and sound, didn’t I? No trouble at all.

Related Characters: Dudard (speaker), Berenger
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 97
Explanation and Analysis:

Berenger: If only it had happened somewhere else, in some other country, and we’d just read about it in the papers, one could discuss it quietly, examine the question from all points of view, and come to an objective conclusion. We could organize debates with professors and writers and lawyers, and bluestockings and artists and people. And the ordinary man in the street as well—it would be very interesting and instructive. But when you’re involved yourself, when you suddenly find yourself up against the brutal facts, you can’t help feeling directly concerned—

Related Characters: Berenger (speaker), Dudard
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 98
Explanation and Analysis:

Dudard: I consider it’s silly to get worked up because a few people decide to change their skins. They just didn’t feel happy in the ones they had. They’re free to do as they like.

Berenger: We must attack the evil at the roots.

Dudard: The evil! That’s just a phrase. Who knows what is evil and what is good? It’s just a question of personal preferences. […]

Berenger: There you are, you see. If our leaders and fellow citizens all think like you, they’ll never take any action.

Related Characters: Dudard (speaker), Berenger (speaker)
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 99
Explanation and Analysis:

Berenger: A rhinoceros! […] Mr. Papillon a rhinoceros! I can’t believe it. I don’t think it’s funny at all. […] Why did’t you tell me before?

Dudard: Well, you know you’ve no sense of humor. I didn’t want to tell you. […] I didn’t want to tell you because I knew very well you wouldn’t see the funny side, and it would upset you. You know how impressionable you are.

Related Characters: Dudard (speaker), Berenger (speaker), Mr. Papillon
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 101
Explanation and Analysis:

Berenger: I’m not very well up in philosophy. I’ve never studied; you’ve got all sorts of diplomas. That’s why you’re so at ease in discussion, whereas I never know what to answer—I’m so clumsy. […] But I do feel you’re in the wrong—I feel it instinctively—no, that’s not what I mean, it’s the rhinoceros which has instinct—I feel it intuitively, yes, that’s the word—intuitively.

Related Characters: Berenger (speaker), Dudard
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 104
Explanation and Analysis:

Dudard: If he was a genuine thinker, as you say, he couldn’t have got carried away. He must have weighed all the pros and cons before deciding.

Related Characters: Dudard (speaker), The Logician, Berenger
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 106
Explanation and Analysis:

Daisy: What he said was, “We must move with the times.” Those were his last human words.

Related Characters: Daisy (speaker), Berenger, Dudard, Botard
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 109
Explanation and Analysis:

Berenger: They should be all rounded up in a big enclosure, and kept under strict supervision.

Dudard: That’s easier said than done. The animal’s protection league would never allow it.

Daisy: And besides, everyone has a close relative or a friend among them, and that would make it even more difficult.

Berenger: So everybody’s mixed up in it.

Related Characters: Berenger (speaker), Dudard (speaker), Daisy (speaker)
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 111
Explanation and Analysis:

Berenger: He’s joined up with them. Where is he now?

Daisy: (Looking out of the window.) With them.

Berenger: Which one is he?

Daisy: You can’t tell. You can’t recognize him any more.

Berenger: They all look alike, all alike.

Related Characters: Berenger (speaker), Daisy (speaker), Dudard
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 115
Explanation and Analysis:

Daisy: I never knew you were such a realist—I thought you were more poetic. Where’s your imagination? There are many sides to reality. Choose the one that’s best for you. Escape into the world of the imagination.

Related Characters: Daisy (speaker), Berenger, Jean
Related Symbols: Rhinoceroses
Page Number and Citation: 119
Explanation and Analysis:
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Berenger Character Timeline in Rhinoceros

The timeline below shows where the character Berenger appears in Rhinoceros. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Act 1, Scene 1
Individuality vs. Conformity Theme Icon
...turns away when she sees the Grocer’s Wife. The Grocer’s Wife complains about this as Berenger arrives at the café. He’s unkempt; his clothes are wrinkled and he has no hat... (full context)
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Berenger joins Jean at the table and agrees that he’s never on time. He asks Jean... (full context)
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Absentmindedly, Berenger fiddles with the tie, combs his hair, and inspects his tongue, which he says is... (full context)
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Jean says that he’s ashamed to be Berenger’s friend, but Berenger says that he’s bored and not cut out for an eight-hour workday,... (full context)
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Berenger burps and agrees as he plays with the tie. Jean asks where Berenger was drinking... (full context)
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...that she’s seeing things but agrees finally that there is a rhinoceros in the street. Berenger remains seated and disinterested, while the Housewife sits down and sooths her scared cat. Everyone... (full context)
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At the same time, Jean remarks to Berenger and the Proprietor that the rhinoceros was amazing. He asks Berenger what he thought, but... (full context)
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Berenger points out that the rhinoceros won’t get them where they are, but Jean insists that... (full context)
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Jean tells Berenger that he lives in a haze of alcohol, which Berenger morosely agrees with. With a... (full context)
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Jean asks again why Berenger is being so insulting and why he’s being contrary—it’s dangerous for a renegade rhinoceros to... (full context)
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As Daisy arrives at the grocery store and begins to speak to the Grocer, Berenger sighs and agrees to not drink. He recognizes Daisy’s laugh and spills his drink on... (full context)
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Berenger admits that he doesn’t like the taste of alcohol, but that he drinks so he’s... (full context)
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...but the Logician warns that he can’t abuse it. At the same time, Jean tells Berenger that he’s strong because he has moral strength and isn’t an alcoholic. He says that... (full context)
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Berenger morosely says that he’s not sure he has the strength to keep living; he feels... (full context)
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Jean insists that Berenger is being silly: he’s clearly interested in Daisy and is clearly ashamed for her to... (full context)
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While Jean and Berenger speak, the Logician and the Old Gentleman continue with their logic exercises. The Logician asks... (full context)
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Berenger listens attentively as Jean tells him that he has talent, he just needs to involve... (full context)
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...continues that one cat could have six paws and the other zero. Jean suggests that Berenger spend his money on seeing avant-garde plays, such as those by Ionesco. Berenger says that... (full context)
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Berenger invites Jean to go to the theater with him later, but Jean insists that he... (full context)
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...moderate person, and suddenly everyone becomes aware of the noise of the rhinoceros. Everyone but Berenger stands and shouts “Oh, a rhinoceros!” in quick succession. Berenger remarks on it and the... (full context)
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...Grocer’s Wife and Jean declare that this is taking things too far. Meanwhile, Daisy notices Berenger, causing him to hide in the restroom. The Old Gentleman and the Logician remind the... (full context)
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...the brandy will cure her grief, but the Housewife continues to grieve for her cat. Berenger insists that the rhinoceros wasn’t running in a position conducive to seeing its horns, but... (full context)
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The Housewife continues to cry over her cat as Jean accuses Berenger of having two horns and calls him an “Asiatic Mongoloid.” As the Proprietor warns Berenger... (full context)
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Jean turns back and again shouts that Asian people are yellow. Berenger insists that in any case, Jean’s face is bright red. The Housewife continues to sob... (full context)
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Berenger backs away, taken aback, but then says that he thinks there was only one rhinoceros.... (full context)
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...with two horns may have lost one between its two runs through town and stops Berenger from interrupting. According to the Logician, if they could establish that they saw a rhinoceros... (full context)
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...says that they won’t stand for anything running down their cats, and the Grocer agrees. Berenger says to himself that he shouldn’t have fought with Jean. He orders a brandy and... (full context)
Act 1, Scene 2
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...Daisy to put the timesheet away. He laughs and turns back to the men as Berenger sneaks up the stairs. Berenger quietly greets Daisy, who allows him to sign the timesheet.... (full context)
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...nor Dudard are ignorant. Daisy puts her flower in her mouth as she hangs up Berenger’s things, and Botard says that what they’re teaching in universities these days isn’t as high... (full context)
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Berenger greets his coworkers and Mr. Papillon asks if he saw the rhinoceros. Botard digs at... (full context)
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Berenger says that others saw the rhinoceroses and there might have been two. Daisy insists that... (full context)
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...Papillon. Dudard insists that a cat was trampled in front of witnesses and motions to Berenger, but Botard says that Berenger is a poor witness. Botard continues that this is just... (full context)
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Berenger and Botard begin going through their proof out loud, but they quiet down when Dudard... (full context)
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...She hands Mr. Papillon a telegram and asks for a glass of water. Dudard and Berenger help her into a chair while Daisy fetches water. Mr. Papillon says that it’s annoying... (full context)
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Botard, Dudard, and Mr. Papillon look down as Berenger comforts Mrs. Bœuf. Botard insists it’s an illusion and Dudard calls Berenger to look. The... (full context)
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Berenger asks his coworkers if the Asian or the African rhinoceros has only one horn. Daisy... (full context)
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...know how they’ll get out of the office. Mr. Papillon points to the window, and Berenger suggests they call the fire department. Mr. Papillon sends Daisy to make the phone call... (full context)
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Daisy announces that she had a hard time getting ahold of the fire department as Berenger says he agrees that Mrs. Bœuf’s choice was moving. Mr. Papillon laments that he has... (full context)
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...get to the bottom of this and will prove that Dudard is responsible. Dudard invites Berenger to have a drink, but Berenger says he’s meeting Jean to apologize for their argument. (full context)
Act 2
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Jean lies in bed in his darkened bedroom, coughing. He doesn’t answer when someone knocks. Berenger calls for Jean, but Jean doesn’t recognize his voice until Berenger announces himself. Jean looks... (full context)
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Berenger apologizes for being so obstinate, angry, and stupid. Jean says it’s not surprising that Berenger... (full context)
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Jean faces Berenger and says he doesn’t feel well, but he doesn’t know what’s wrong. Berenger asks if... (full context)
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Berenger suggests that Jean has a cold and asks if he has a fever. Jean stops... (full context)
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Berenger assures Jean that he knows that Jean always thinks straight, but Jean remains offended. He... (full context)
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Berenger apologizes for upsetting Jean as Jean, panting, looks through a first aid box. Noticing that... (full context)
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...he doesn’t need a doctor; he can look after himself and doctors just invent diseases. Berenger points out that after doctors invent diseases they can cure them, but Jean spits that... (full context)
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Berenger notes that Jean is breathing hard. Jean paces around the room, picks up a magazine,... (full context)
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Hoarsely, Jean says that he’s running straight for his one aim in life. Berenger comforts him and says that this is just a brief moral crisis, but Jean ignores... (full context)
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Berenger tells Jean that Mr. Bœuf turned into a rhinoceros. Jean fans himself with his open... (full context)
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Berenger muses that Mr. Bœuf couldn’t have changed on purpose, but from the bathroom, Jean says... (full context)
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...probably better for it. He begins opening drawers and throwing his clothes on the floor. Berenger is shocked and picks up the clothes. Jean accuses Berenger of seeing the dark side... (full context)
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...Jean says it’s not so bad—rhinoceroses have the same right to life as humans do. Berenger agrees but points out that rhinoceroses still shouldn’t destroy people. Jean races to the window,... (full context)
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Berenger starts to say something, but Jean leaps onto the bed, cuts him off, and says... (full context)
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Berenger moves to stand outside the bathroom door as Jean continues to say in a barely... (full context)
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Berenger leaps aside and Jean apologizes, but then charges into the bathroom. Berenger starts to run... (full context)
Act 3
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Berenger sleeps in his bedroom, which looks much like Jean’s, though he has a dining table... (full context)
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Berenger unblocks the door and lets Dudard in. They move the table aside and exchange pleasantries.... (full context)
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Dudard declares that it must just be Berenger’s migraine, but Berenger forcefully tells Dudard to not talk about migraines. Dudard says that the... (full context)
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Berenger says that he can’t not think about it. Jean was warm and he never would’ve... (full context)
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...wonders if Jean wanted some fresh air and to relax, though this isn’t an excuse. Berenger continues to tidy his room and says that he’s trying to understand, but Dudard says... (full context)
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Rhinoceroses stampede outside and Berenger rises, nervous. Dudard pushes him back down and tells him to stop acting so obsessed;... (full context)
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When Berenger drinks, he coughs. Dudard points this out but insists that it sounds like a normal... (full context)
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Dudard says that once Berenger is well enough to go out, he’ll abandon all his silly ideas. Berenger is horrified... (full context)
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Berenger says that if this had happened somewhere else, they could’ve read about it in the... (full context)
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Dudard encourages Berenger to leave the authorities to act as they see fit and suggests that Berenger has... (full context)
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Dudard laughs and tells Berenger to calm down. Berenger thinks for a moment and agrees to change. He apologizes for... (full context)
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Berenger laments Mr. Papillon’s transformation and that Mr. Papillon gave up such a good job. Dudard... (full context)
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Berenger accuses Dudard of being too tolerant, but Dudard says that it’s their duty to try... (full context)
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...that this is an incorrect analogy, since Galileo proved that science was superior to dogmatism. Berenger looks lost but says that he’s not even sure what this means—his words are getting... (full context)
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Dudard tells Berenger to calm down and says that they can still discuss this peacefully. Berenger bellows angrily,... (full context)
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Dudard joins Berenger at the window, tells him again to be polite, and remarks that the Logician still... (full context)
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Berenger enters and greets Daisy. He hides his brandy bottle and asks if she saw that... (full context)
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...seen her since the office closed. Daisy snaps that he can call her anytime as Berenger groans about Botard’s transformation. Berenger suggests that Botard’s firmness was a front and the reason... (full context)
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Daisy begins to set the table as Berenger states that the rhinoceroses are “anarchic” since they’re the minority. Daisy notes that the minority... (full context)
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Berenger asks desperately how people can be rhinoceroses. As Daisy fetches plates, Dudard mutters that she’s... (full context)
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Berenger asks how many have one horn and how many have two. Dudard says that the... (full context)
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Berenger tries to restrain Dudard, but Dudard says he must criticize things from the inside. He... (full context)
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Staring pensively out the window, Berenger notes that there’s nothing but rhinoceroses—half with one horn, half with two—outside. He moves closer... (full context)
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Berenger muses that if Dudard had stayed, he would’ve come between them. He says that he... (full context)
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Daisy insists that they take Berenger’s bandage off and says he’s being silly when he admits that he’s afraid of what... (full context)
Absurdity, Logic, and Intellectualism Theme Icon
Individuality vs. Conformity Theme Icon
Berenger says it’s easy for Daisy to say that, which makes Daisy ask if she’s enough... (full context)
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Fascism Theme Icon
Individuality vs. Conformity Theme Icon
The phone rings. Daisy fearfully tells Berenger not to answer, but Berenger suggests that it might be Mr. Papillon, Botard, Jean, or... (full context)
Individuality vs. Conformity Theme Icon
Berenger runs to the radio and flips it on, hoping for news. He and Daisy hear... (full context)
Individuality vs. Conformity Theme Icon
Escapism, Violence, and Morality Theme Icon
Berenger offers Daisy brandy, but Daisy says she has a headache. Berenger wraps his bandage around... (full context)
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Escapism, Violence, and Morality Theme Icon
Berenger grabs at Daisy as rhinoceros heads appear everywhere. Daisy suggests that they are the ones... (full context)
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Escapism, Violence, and Morality Theme Icon
Berenger slaps Daisy’s face. She turns away, shocked, but Berenger immediately apologizes for losing control and... (full context)
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Berenger inspects himself in the mirror, unaware that Daisy is gone, and says that men don’t... (full context)
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Berenger thinks he looks funny and spills photos on the floor. He recognizes himself but none... (full context)