LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Shutter Island, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Mental Illness and Delusion
Conspiracy and Paranoia
Guilt and Grief
Violence and War
Isolation
Summary
Analysis
Teddy looks over the cliff’s edge and sees what looks like Chuck’s body lying on the beach. Horrified, Teddy climbs down the cliff to discover what happened to his friend. He cannot imagine that Chuck died of natural causes unless he managed to fall somehow. While climbing down the cliff face, Teddy finds Andrew Laeddis’s intake form. He theorizes that Chuck must have dropped the form and went looking for it, which led to him falling. Seeing the form renews Teddy’s faith in Chuck, and he regrets doubting him, especially now that it might be too late to save him.
Immediately, Chuck switches from a suspicious character to a tragic one. Given everything that has happened up to this point, it is hard to believe his death was an accident, although Teddy did not hear or see a struggle. Because Teddy thinks Chuck is dead, he immediately reverses his opinion and feels guilt for ever doubting him in the first place.
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Themes
Teddy reaches the bottom of the cliff and finds that what he thought was Chuck’s body was merely an illusion. In reality, he was looking at a rock formation. Teddy breathes a sigh of relief and realizes Chuck could still be alive. He goes walking down the beach to look for his lost partner. As he walks, he sees rats everywhere. At first, they do not bother him too much, but he starts to get disturbed when he sees that their numbers are seemingly endless.
One wonders whether Teddy is starting to mentally unravel. The mental leap from a body to a pile of rocks is a tough mistake to reconcile, even if seen from a distance. Even though Teddy was mistaken, his faith in Chuck is still renewed. Meanwhile, the rats are a stand-in for the patients on Shutter Island. Their considerable numbers correspond to the seemingly endless experiments Dr. Cawley and his men are presumably performing on their patients.
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After walking on the beach for some time, Teddy spots an orange glow coming from the cliff face and realizes someone must have found a cave and lit a fire. When Teddy reaches the cave, he finds a woman wearing a patient’s uniform inside. Chuck is nowhere in sight. The woman demands to know who Teddy is, so he tells her. Teddy demands her identity in return, so she asks him to guess. He says he suspects she is the real Rachel Solando, which the woman confirms.
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Themes
Rachel also tells Teddy that everything he heard about her from Dr. Cawley was a lie, including the story about her children. In reality, she was a doctor at Ashecliffe Hospital, and a quite successful one at that, until she vocally pushed back against the use of hallucinogenic experiments on patients. According to Rachel, the hospital did not want the truth to get out, so they committed her as a patient. She warns Teddy that Dr. Cawley and his team will never allow him to leave the island, so he will surely suffer the same fate.
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Rachel also claims that Dr. Cawley and his team are experimenting with their patients to create “ghosts” who can go out into the world and do “ghostly work.” Teddy asks how many people know what Rachel is telling him, and she says everyone on the island is in on it. Teddy wonders how Dr. Cawley and his team could possibly justify keeping him on the island. Rachel tells him that they will claim Teddy is insane and needs to be institutionalized. Teddy points out that he is not insane and will claim as much to anyone who cares to listen. Rachel warns him that all insane men will claim they are not insane, so his protests will fall on deaf ears.
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Rachel asks Teddy if he has taken any drugs from Dr. Cawley and his team. Teddy admits he has; he also acknowledges that he has been eating their food and smoking his partner’s cigarettes. In fact, someone has given him everything he has ingested since coming to the island. Rachel warns Teddy that Dr. Cawley and his team have been poisoning him, which is why he may not have felt like himself lately. She also warns him that he has no friends on the island, including Chuck.
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Following their conversation, Teddy passes out for an unknown amount of time in Rachel’s cave. He wakes up to Rachel shaking him and urging him to leave. She apologizes for kicking Teddy out, but she does not want Dr. Cawley and his men to find her. Teddy does as Rachel demands and leaves the cave, wondering what to believe.
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