Sing, Unburied, Sing
by Jesmyn Ward
✓

or to save your progress

Feeding, Healing, and Care Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Family, Heritage, and Homecoming Theme Icon
Animals and Nature Theme Icon
Illness, Wounds, and Death Theme Icon
Feeding, Healing, and Care Theme Icon
Racism Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Sing, Unburied, Sing, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Feeding, Healing, and Care Theme Icon
Feeding, Healing, and Care Theme Icon

In opposition to the important themes of illness, wounds, and death, Sing, Unburied, Sing also deals directly with themes of feeding, healing, and care. Sing, Unburied, Sing pays close attention to the daily practice of caring for others, showing this to be both a form of love and a (sometimes punishing) form of labor. The person whose care the reader witnesses the most is Jojo. Neglected by Leonie, Jojo is left to take care of Kayla’s needs, and shows a level of devotion to her that at times seems beyond the natural capacity of a thirteen-year-old boy. Although Jojo, unlike Leonie, never expresses resentment or anger toward Kayla, it is clear that the level of care he gives to Kayla at times has a negative impact on his own life. Jojo is self-sacrificial in his attentiveness to Kayla, and in this sense his love for her resembles the ideal of sacrificial maternal love more than that of a kind older brother. Because Jojo has always felt responsible for Kayla, he never got a chance to take care of himself, and it is clear that this aspect of his caring role has had a negative impact on him.

Many other characters in the novel also practice unhealthy forms of caregiving, although in almost all cases it is because they care too little or too sporadically, rather than (as in Jojo’s case) too much. Leonie cares for her children, but can also be selfish and resentful of them, causing her to be cruel even at times when she aims to be kind. Furthermore, Leonie, Michael, Misty, and Al all care for one another in different ways, yet this care is distorted by their use of drugs. This causes them to at times negatively influence each other’s lives, prioritizing getting high over actually practicing the more difficult forms of care that would allow them and their loved ones to grow healthier and happier.

One important way in which the characters practice care is through healing. Mam has inherited healing traditions from her ancestors, and has used them for purposes ranging from curing illness to inducing abortion. Jojo has a deep respect for Mam’s healing gifts, and is heartbroken to confront their limitations when Mam acknowledges that she was not able to heal herself from cancer. Furthermore, Jojo implies that not everyone has the ability to be a healer to others. When Leonie attempts to employ one of Mam’s healing practices in order to treat Kayla’s sickness, Jojo tells her not to even try, arguing that she is not capable of healing anyone. He is so convinced of this that he forces Kayla to throw up the blackberry plant potion Leonie makes her drink, reflecting: “[Leonie] ain’t Mam. She ain’t Pop. She ain’t never healed nothing or grown nothing in her life, and she don’t know.” This suggests that even when people have good intentions, the distinction between a healing remedy and poison can be precarious, particularly when the person doing the healing is not a natural caregiver.

Throughout the book, care is also shown through food and feeding. Jojo is always hungry, a fact that serves as evidence for the neglect and lack of care he has experienced all his life. Providing food is one of the major ways in which characters care for one another in the book, but both Jojo and Leonie are careful not to accept food from certain people. Their suspicion over who is doing the feeding again emphasizes that not everyone is capable of providing healthy, positive forms of care. The link between food and poison is also underlined by the recurrence of vomiting in the novel. Vomiting highlights the fact that what can be taken as sustenance sometimes turns out to be poison, and that it is often impossible to know the difference until it is too late.

Related Themes from Other Texts
Compare and contrast themes from other texts to this theme…

Feeding, Healing, and Care ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Feeding, Healing, and Care appears in each chapter of Sing, Unburied, Sing. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
How often theme appears:
chapter length:
Get the entire Sing, Unburied, Sing LitChart as a printable PDF.
"My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." -Graham S.
Sing, Unburied, Sing PDF

Feeding, Healing, and Care Quotes in Sing, Unburied, Sing

Below you will find the important quotes in Sing, Unburied, Sing related to the theme of Feeding, Healing, and Care.

Chapter 3: Jojo Quotes

The only animal I saw in front of me was Pop, Pop with his straight shoulders and his tall back, his pleading eyes the only thing that spoke to me in that moment and told me what he said without words: I love you, boy. I love you.

Related Characters: Jojo (speaker), Pop (River)
Page Number and Citation: 61
Explanation and Analysis:
Leonie has woken Jojo and Kayla up early to begin the drive to Parchman. When Jojo hugs Pop goodbye, he holds him tight, thinking “He’s my Pop.” As they drive away, Jojo looks back at Pop and sees him as an animal. Comparing people to animals can sometimes be a demeaning gesture, but it is clear that Jojo doesn’t mean it this way. Indeed, Jojo’s framing of Pop as an animal is linked to his perception of Pop’s profound, unconditional love for him. This contradicts the assumption that animals do not feel love as humans do; indeed, it suggests that Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque erro

Chapter 5: Jojo Quotes

She ain't Mam. She ain't Pop. She ain't never healed nothing or grown nothing in her life, and she don't know.

Related Characters: Jojo (speaker), Leonie, Pop (River), Mam
Page Number and Citation: 107
Explanation and Analysis:
Kayla has been vomiting nonstop, and Leonie has decided to try and heal her with herbs. However, she wasn’t able to find the milkweed or wild strawberry leaves that are supposed to cure an upset stomach, so she is using blackberry leaves instead. Jojo is vehemently against Leonie’s decision to try and naturally cure Kayla. He believes that, unlike Mam and Pop, Leonie is incapable of healing or growing things. Overall, the novel supports Jojo’s view. Leonie makes an effort to care and heal the people around her several times, but these attempts––though well-intentioned––almost all backfire. In this sense, the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dol

I lay there until I can't no more, and then I carry Kayla into the bathroom and stick my finger down her throat and make her throw up. She fights me, hitting at my arms, crying against my hand, sobbing but not making no words, but I do it three times, make her vomit over my hand, hot as her little body, three times, all of it red and smelling sweet, until I'm crying and she's shrieking. I turn off the light and go back into the room and wipe her with my shirt and lay in the bed with her, scared that Leonie's going to walk in and find all that red throw-up in the bathroom, find out I made Kayla throw up Leonie's potion. But nobody comes.

Related Characters: Jojo (speaker), Kayla (Michaela), Leonie
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 118
Explanation and Analysis:
At Al’s house, Leonie has cooked up the blackberry plant, mixed it with food coloring and sugar, and made Kayla drink it. While Leonie, Misty, and Al are sitting out on the back porch, Jojo decides to make Kayla throw up the potion. The graphic description of this incident emphasizes how difficult it was for Jojo to have to force Kayla to be sick, particularly given the fact that he devotes all his time and energy to caring for her. Indeed, this passage illuminates the way in which caring for someone can sometimes require doing things that are painful or Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident ex

“All the birds go bye,” Kayla says, and then she leans forward and rubs my face with both hands, and for a second I think she's going to tell me something amazing, some secret, something come from God Himself.

Related Characters: Kayla (Michaela) (speaker), Jojo
Page Number and Citation: 127
Explanation and Analysis:
Jojo, Kayla, Leonie, and Misty have finally arrived at Parchman and picked up Michael. In the parking lot, Kayla points out birds to Jojo, but Jojo can’t see them. Jojo’s confusion over the meaning of Kayla’s words suggests that Kayla has a special kind of intuition that Jojo is not able to access. Although she is only three and cannot talk properly yet, Kayla seems to possess a profound spiritual knowledge, perhaps partly because she is so young. In some religious traditions, children are seen as being close to God because they have not been alive for long, and thus Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequu

Chapter 7: Leonie Quotes

It feels good to be mean, to speak past the baby I can't hit and let that anger touch another. The one I'm never good enough for. Never Mama for. Just Leonie, a name wrapped around the same disappointed syllables I've heard from Mama, from Pop, even from Given, my whole fucking life.

Related Characters: Leonie (speaker), Pop (River), Mam, Kayla (Michaela), Jojo
Page Number and Citation: 147
Explanation and Analysis:
Having picked up Michael from Parchman, Leonie, Misty, and the kids make another stop at Al’s house. Leonie puts Jojo and Kayla in the bath and scrubs Kayla hard while snapping cruelly at Jojo. This passage explores the way in which Leonie and Jojo’s relationship has become a vicious cycle of disappointment, resentment, and cruelty. Both mother and son fail to live up to the expectations of the other, and resent each other for it. This encourages them to behave cruelly to one another, thereby further disappointing the other. Of course, it is one thing for Jojo to act this Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam

This is a miracle, I think, so I close my eyes and ignore Given-not-Given, who is sitting there with a sad look on his face, mouth in a soft frown, and think of Michael, real Michael, and wonder if we had another baby, if it would look more like him than Michaela. If we had another baby, we could get it right.

Related Characters: Leonie (speaker), Michael, Given, Kayla (Michaela)
Page Number and Citation: 150
Explanation and Analysis:
At Al’s house, all four adults get high and Leonie and Michael have sex. Afterward, Leonie sees Given in the room. She and Michael begin to have sex again; she hopes Given will go away but he doesn’t, and thus she chooses to simply ignore him. Despite Leonie’s ambivalence about motherhood, in the moment of having sex with Michael she experiences a utopian flash of feeling, imagining that if they have another baby they “could get it right.” Disturbingly, Leonie frames getting it “right” as having a baby that looks more like Michael, and thus more white than her real Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut al

Sometimes I think it done changed. And then I sleep and wake up, and it ain't changed none.

Related Characters: Richie (speaker)
Related Symbols: Parchman
Page Number and Citation: 171
Explanation and Analysis:
When the family gets pulled over by the police, Richie warns Jojo that “they going to chain you.” After they are let go, Richie and Jojo talk about Pop and Parchman. In this passage, Richie explains that sometimes it seems as if Parchman (or the racist American justice system in general) has changed, but that in reality it hasn’t actually changed. Life at Parchman may be slightly different in the present than it was in Richie’s time, but the principle of arbitrary, unjust, and violent incarceration remains the same. This in turn connects Parchman and mass incarceration to the legacy Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaec

Chapter 9: Richie Quotes

I know Jojo is innocent because I can read it in the unmarked swell of him: his smooth face, ripe with baby fat; his round, full stomach; his hands and feet soft as his younger sister's. He looks even younger when he falls asleep. His baby sister has flung herself across him, and both of them slumber like young feral cats: open mouths, splayed arms and legs, exposed throats. When I was thirteen, I knew much more than him. I knew that metal shackles could grow into the skin. I knew that leather could split flesh like butter. I knew that hunger could hurt, could scoop me hollow as a gourd, and that seeing my siblings starving could hollow out a different part of me, too.

Related Characters: Richie (speaker), Kayla (Michaela), Jojo
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 185
Explanation and Analysis:
Richie has told Jojo that he doesn’t yet understand love, and that he doesn’t know anything about time. At the beginning of the next chapter, Richie watches Jojo sleep and concludes that Jojo is far more innocent than Richie himself had been at the age of 13. Although both Richie and Jojo face challenges that force them to be mature beyond their years, in this passage Richie identifies the key differences between them, which are that Jojo’s life is full of love, and also that Jojo has not faced the direct racist violence and starvation that Richie has. While it’s Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo min

Chapter 10: Leonie Quotes

We are all sinking, and there are manta rays gliding beneath us and sharks jostling us. I am trying to keep everyone above water, even as I struggle to stay afloat. I sink below the waves and push Jojo upward so he can stay above the waves and breathe, but then Michaela sinks and I push her up, and Michael sinks so I shove him to the air as I sink and struggle, but they won't stay up: they want to sink like stones. I thrust them up toward the surface, to the fractured sky so they can live, but they keep slipping from my hands. It is so real that I can feel their sodden clothes against my palms. I am failing them. We are all drowning.

Related Characters: Leonie (speaker), Michael, Jojo , Kayla (Michaela)
Page Number and Citation: 195
Explanation and Analysis:
After she swallows the baggie of meth and Michael helps her to vomit, Leonie falls asleep. She dreams that she is floating on a raft in the sea along with Michael, Jojo, and Kayla. Her dream is an obvious manifestation of the anxiety Leonie feels over her role as a parent and partner. In particular, Leonie feels that in attending to one member of her family, she is inherently neglecting the others, leaving them to suffer. Indeed, this reflects the idea repeated throughout the novel that Leonie’s relationship with Michael gets in the way of her being a good mother Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Un

Chapter 11: Jojo Quotes

I ain't never have the talent for it. Seeing the dead. I could read people, read the future or the past in they bodies. Know what was wrong or needed by their songs: in the plants, in the animals, too. But never saw the dead. Wanted it so bad after Given died––

Related Characters: Mam (speaker), Given
Related Symbols: Singing
Page Number and Citation: 237
Explanation and Analysis:
Jojo has asked Mam where she will go after she dies and if she will become a ghost. Mam has assured him she probably won’t become a ghost because she did not have a violent death. She asks Jojo if he’s ever seen a ghost, and Jojo lies, saying that he hasn’t. In this passage Mam explains that her special gifts do not extend to the ability to see the dead. Instead, Mam’s capabilities are focused on care and healing––with life rather than death. Mam’s words reassert the idea that plants, people, animals, the living and the dead are all Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea susc

Chapter 13: Jojo Quotes

He ran so fast. Sometimes I had to follow him by sound. Him talking to hisself the whole time. Not hisself. His mama. Telling her he was coming home. That he wanted her to sing for him. Sing for your son, he said. Sing.

Related Characters: Richie (speaker), Blue
Related Symbols: Singing
Page Number and Citation: 252
Explanation and Analysis:
At Richie’s insistence, Jojo has asked Pop to tell the story of Richie’s death. As Pop tells the story, Richie chimes in, explaining how he escaped Parchman along with a mentally unstable inmate named Blue. Before fleeing, Blue raped one of the female inmates. In this passage Richie describes running with Blue and hearing Blue speaking aloud to his mother. This detail humanizes Blue, reminding us that while he may be a rapist, he is still a person like any other, with the same fundamental desires to be united with his mother and hear her sing. Indeed, the mention of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eli

I said: It's going to be all right, Richie. He said. I heeled the dogs. Held out my hands to him, right side out. Moved slow. Soothed him. Said: We gone get you out of this. We gone get you away from here. Touched his arm: he was burning up. I'm going home, Riv? he asked. I squatted down next to him, the dogs steady yipping, and I looked at him. He had baby hair on the edge of his scalp, Jojo. Little fine hair he'd had since he sucked at his mama's tit. Yes, Richie. I'm a take you home, I said. And then I took the shank I kept in my boot and I punched it one time into his neck. In the big vein on his right side. Held him till the blood stopped spurting. Him looking at me, mouth open. A child. Tears and snot all over his face. Shocked and scared, until he was still.

Related Characters: Richie (speaker), Pop (River) (speaker), Jojo
Page Number and Citation: 255
Explanation and Analysis:
Pop is telling Jojo the story of what happened when Richie tried to escape Parchman. Pop and the guards from Parchman searched for Blue and Richie and eventually found them, at which point the guards cut off pieces of Blue’s body and skinned him alive. Knowing they would do the same to Richie when given the chance, Pop decided to kill Richie himself so as to spare him any further fear and suffering. This heart-rending passage returns to the idea that sometimes the most loving thing to do for someone can actually be an act of harm. In this sense, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impe