That Evening Sun
by William Faulkner
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Themes and Colors
Racism and Segregation Theme Icon
Naivety, Ignorance, and Nostalgia Theme Icon
Fear and Vulnerability Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in That Evening Sun, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Fear and Vulnerability Theme Icon
Fear and Vulnerability Theme Icon

Nancy is portrayed as a vulnerable character in several ways throughout “That Evening Sun.” Due to the lack of civil rights for black people in this period, she has no one to defend her. As a woman, she is also physically more vulnerable to threats from men and, because she is poor, she is vulnerable in that she must make a living any way that she can—even this means undertaking a dangerous profession like prostitution. There is a sense of connection between Nancy’s vulnerability and that of the Compson children, who are fascinated by Nancy’s fear because, to an extent, they can relate to it; children are often scared of things like monsters hiding in the dark, and they view Nancy’s fear of Jesus in these terms—as though she is one of them, even though, because they are white, the Compson children can’t fully comprehend the depth of Nancy’s terror. Though her fear is often dismissed by other characters, the story suggests that it is entirely justified by highlighting Nancy’s helplessness in a town that has no sympathy for her. Racism, sexism, and poverty, the story argues, together make black women like Nancy some of the most vulnerable members of society.

The use of the name Jesus to represent a threatening character is a bit of irony by Faulkner, underscored when Nancy, terrified, calls out to “Jesus” in the middle of the night. Quentin points out that it is not her husband she is calling for but “the other Jesus”— Jesus Christ. Nancy professes that she is “hellborn,” and the idea that Jesus is coming for her—and that this something she should be afraid of—suggests Nancy’s belief in her own lack of salvation; Jesus coming for her is a frightening concept as he is coming to punish her, not save her. Nancy believes she is damned because this is how society has made her feel by failing to protect her.

When Nancy sleeps in the children’s bedroom they question her constantly about her fear of Jesus, failing to fully understand how it is different from their own fears. Caddy can see Nancy’s eyes, wide with fear, in the dark and treats this like a game, asking, “can you see our eyes too Nancy?” Although the children are titillated by Nancy’s fear, they are already beginning to understand that their society values patriarchal qualities like “bravery.” Caddy teases Jason about being scared and at one point tells him that he is “scardier than a nigger.” This accusation suggests the racial stereotype that black people are more cowardly than white people, which Caddy has obviously picked up from the adults around her. The fact that white adults think like this demonstrates the complete denial about how badly black people are treated in society, as white people don’t understand why black people should be afraid of mistreatment or prejudice.

The story’s ending again emphasizes the different vulnerabilities of white and black characters. Nancy encourages the children to come to her cabin, the implication being that having them there will offer her some semblance of protection because their social status is higher than hers; Nancy hopes that their presence will deter Jesus, as he would not dare hurt white children because of the consequences this would have for a black man. Although Jason is scared in Nancy’s house, the story ends with him riding on his father’s shoulders and announcing that he is “not a nigger.” When Caddy calls him a “scairy cat,” Mr. Compson defends Jason. This closing image suggests that, although Jason is vulnerable as a child, his status as an adult white man (represented here by his father) will protect him in future because, in the patriarchal and racist society they live in, he will be the most powerful type of person.

The story’s recurring metaphor of darkness, meanwhile, ironizes white people’s fear of black people, who, because of their “darkness,” who were often treated as criminals and thought of as threatening. This fear is not founded on anything genuine but simply on white people’s paranoia and racism. However, the fact that Nancy’s fear does seem to affect the young Quentin, who has not yet fully developed into his adult complacency and prejudice, suggests that there is something corrosive and frightening under the surface of society in Jefferson. Faulkner portrays racism itself as the true horror in “That Evening Sun.” The fact that Mr. Compson leaves Nancy unprotected when she is likely to be murdered suggests that white people should be afraid of the way they have treated black people. The sheer brutality and negligence shown towards Nancy in the story is part of the horror underlying southern culture and lurking, unacknowledged, on the conscience of the white people in Jefferson.

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Fear and Vulnerability Quotes in That Evening Sun

Below you will find the important quotes in That Evening Sun related to the theme of Fear and Vulnerability.

That Evening Sun Quotes

When Dilsey was sick in her cabin and Nancy was cooking for us, we could see her apron swelling out; that was before father told Jesus to stay away from the house. Jesus was in the kitchen, sitting behind the stove, with his razor scar on his black face like a piece of dirty string. He said it was a watermelon that Nancy had under her dress.

“It never come off of your vine, though,” Nancy said.

“Off of what vine?” Caddy said.

“I can cut down the vine it did come off of,” Jesus said.

“What makes you want to talk like that before these chillen,” Nancy said […]

“I can’t hang around white man's kitchen,” Jesus said. “But white man can hang around mine.”

Related Characters: Nancy (speaker), Caddy Compson (speaker), Jesus (speaker), Quentin Compson (speaker), Dilsey, Mr. Compson
Page Number and Citation: 292
Explanation and Analysis:
When the Compson children are in the kitchen, Jesus deliberately disguises the implications of his words by saying that Nancy has a “watermelon under her dress,” meaning that she is pregnant. Jesus is hanging around the kitchen trying to intimidate Nancy. By saying that she is hiding a “watermelon,” Jesus teases the children in order to threaten Nancy in front of them but without them understanding. Caddy, who is too young to understand what Jesus means, is confused and tries to question the adults about this. This shows that Jesus is making use of what little power he has as Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae

“Mother wants to know if you are through,” I said.

“Yes,” Nancy said. She looked at me. “I done finished.” She looked at me.

“What is it?” I said. “What is it?”

“I aint nothing but a nigger,” Nancy said. “It aint none of my fault.”

She looked at me, sitting in the chair before the cold stove, the sailor hat on her head. I went back to the library. It was the cold stove and all, when you think of a kitchen being warm and busy and cheerful. And with the cold stove and the dishes all put away, and nobody wanting to eat at that hour.

Related Characters: Quentin Compson (speaker), Nancy (speaker), Mrs. Compson
Page Number and Citation: 293
Explanation and Analysis:
One night, after she has finished her work, Nancy avoids going home from the Compson’s. Mrs. Compson sends Quentin to find out what is taking Nancy so long in the kitchen, and Quentin finds Nancy sitting by the cold stove. When Quentin questions Nancy, her response is extremely bleak. Nancy seems to feel hopeless about her situation and feels that there is nothing she can do about it because of her race, which leaves her powerless and unprotected in society. She views herself as society views her, as “nothing but a nigger,” suggesting that nobody will care what happens to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis.

“You'll leave me alone, to take Nancy home?” mother said. “Is her safety more precious to you than mine!”

“I won’t be long," father said.

“You'll leave these children unprotected, with that Negro about?”

“I'm going too," Caddy said. “Let me go, Father.”

“What would he do with them, if he were unfortunate enough to have them?" father said.

“I want to go, too,” Jason said.

“Jason!” mother said. She was speaking to father. You could tell that by the way she said the name. Like she believed that all day father had been trying to think of doing the thing she wouldn't like the most and that she knew all the time that after a while he would think of it.

Related Characters: Mrs. Compson (speaker), Mr. Compson (speaker), Caddy Compson (speaker), Jason Compson (speaker), Quentin Compson (speaker), Nancy , Jesus
Page Number and Citation: 294
Explanation and Analysis:
Mrs. Compson becomes irritated with her husband for offering to walk Nancy home, because Nancy is scared that Jesus is back and going to come after her for becoming pregnant with another man’s child. Mrs. Compson, however, trivializes the danger that Nancy could be in and makes the situation all about herself. Rather than empathizing with Nancy, who is genuinely terrified of Jesus, Mrs. Compson tries to guilt her husband into allowing Nancy to walk home alone by suggesting that, if he does so, he cares more about Nancy than his own wife and children. This is disingenuous and self-centered, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur

“Well, he's gone now,” father said.

“There's nothing for you to be afraid of now. And if you'd just let white men alone.”

“Let what white men alone?” Caddy said. “How let them alone?”

“He aint gone nowhere," Nancy said. "I can feel him. I can feel him now, in this lane. He hearing us talk, every word, hid somewhere, waiting. I aint seen him, and I aint going to see him again but once more, with that razor in his mouth. That razor on that string down his back, inside his shirt. And then I aint going to be even surprised.”

Related Characters: Mr. Compson (speaker), Caddy Compson (speaker), Nancy (speaker), Quentin Compson (speaker), Jason Compson, Jesus
Page Number and Citation: 294
Explanation and Analysis:
As Mr. Compson and the children are walking Nancy home, Mr. Compson tries to reassure Nancy that Jesus is gone. Mr. Compson tries to pass the responsibility for the situation onto Nancy. He tells her that she would not be in this situation if she had “let white men alone.” This suggests that Nancy leads white men astray by offering herself as a prostitute and also implies that, because of this, Jesus has a right to be angry with her. Caddy, who is beginning to learn about gender roles, listens and tries to understand their conversation, but it goes over Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint ape

The floor was cold. Our toes curled away from it while we listened to the sound. It was like singing and it wasn't like singing like the sounds that Negroes make. Then it stopped and we heard father going down the back stairs, and we went to the head of the stairs. Then the sound began again, in the stairway, not loud, and we could see Nancy's eyes halfway up the stairs, against the wall. They looked like cat's eyes do, like a big cat against the wall, watching us.

Related Characters: Quentin Compson (speaker), Caddy Compson, Nancy , Jesus
Page Number and Citation: 296
Explanation and Analysis:
One night, the Compsons allow Nancy to sleep on a pallet in their kitchen because she is still afraid of walking home, believing Jesus is waiting for her to walk home. In the night, Nancy wakes the family up by making a strange sound, which is “like singing” and not “like singing.” The sound Nancy makes frightens the Compson children. The sound is connected with the “cold floor,” which their toes curl away from, just as the children recoil from the sound Nancy makes, which seems strange and alien to them. It is described as a “sound Negroes make.” This Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minim

Nancy whispered something. It was oh or no, I don’t know which. Like nobody had made it, like it came from nowhere and went nowhere, until it was like Nancy was not there at all; that I had looked so hard at her eyes on the stairs that they had got printed on my eyeballs, like the sun does when you have closed your eyes and there is no sun. “Jesus,” Nancy whispered. “Jesus.” “Was it Jesus?” Caddy said. “Did he try to come into the kitchen?” “Jesus” Nancy said. Like this: Jeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesus, until the sound went out like a match or a candle does.

Related Characters: Quentin Compson (speaker), Nancy (speaker), Caddy Compson (speaker), Jesus
Related Symbols: Darkness
Page Number and Citation: 296
Explanation and Analysis:
Lying in the dark in Quentin and Caddy’s room, Nancy continues to call out and the children attempt to interpret what she says. It is pertinent that the children do not know if Nancy has made an unintelligible, meaningless sound like “oh” or if she has said the word “no.” This demonstrates that Nancy and the world that she inhabits is a mystery to the children and that there are divides in experience between them that, because of the society they have grown up in, they will not be able to cross. The fact that the sound seems to “come Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequ

“Hush,” Nancy said. She was talking loud when we crossed the ditch and stooped through the fence where she used to stoop through with the clothes on her head. Then we came to her house. We were going fast then. She opened the door. The smell of the house was like the lamp and the smell of Nancy was like the wick, like they were waiting for one another to begin to smell. She lit the lamp and closed the door and put the bar up. Then she quit talking loud, looking at us […] There was something about Nancy's house; something you could smell besides Nancy and the house. Jason smelled it, even. “I don't want to stay here,” he said.

Related Characters: Nancy (speaker), Quentin Compson (speaker), Jason Compson (speaker), Caddy Compson, Jesus
Related Symbols: The Ditch
Page Number and Citation: 302
Explanation and Analysis:
When Mr. Compson refuses to take Nancy home again and she is not allowed to sleep at the house, Nancy persuades the children to walk down the road with her, hoping that (because they are white and, despite the fact that they are only children) they will provide her with protection from Jesus. Nancy’s talks “loud” on the dark lane leading to her house so that Jesus will know that Nancy is with the Compsons and will be put off from attacking her. The children are confused that Nancy tells them to hush and hurries them towards her house. Quentin’s Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur

She came and sat in a chair before the hearth. There was a little fire there. Nancy built it up, when it was already hot inside. She built a good blaze. She told a story. She talked like her eyes looked, like her eyes watching us and her voice talking to us did not belong to her. Like she was, living somewhere else, waiting somewhere else. She was outside the cabin. Her voice was inside and the shape of her, the Nancy that could stoop under a barbed wire fence with a bundle of clothes balanced on her head as though without weight, like a balloon, was there. But that was all.

Related Characters: Quentin Compson (speaker), Nancy , Caddy Compson, Jason Compson, Jesus
Related Symbols: Darkness
Page Number and Citation: 302
Explanation and Analysis:
In Nancy’s cabin, the children wait with Nancy and listen to her story. Quentin’s observation that Nancy’s eyes and voice seem like they “do not belong to her,” and notion that she is “living somewhere else,” “outside the cabin,” suggests that Nancy is consumed by thoughts about her inevitable death at Jesus’s hands. Although Nancy is trying to postpone the moment of her death by detaining the children, Quentin’s statement suggests that Nancy is already part of the darkness that is waiting for her and will consume her at the moment of her death. The idea that Nancy’s form (which Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque er

We left her sitting before the fire. “Come and put the bar up,” father said. But she didn't move. She didn't look at us again, sitting quietly there between the lamp and the fire. From some distance down the lane we could look back and see her through the open door. “What, Father?” Caddy said. “What’s going to happen?” “Nothing,” father said. Jason was on father's back, so Jason was the tallest of all of us. We went down into the ditch. I looked at it, quiet. I couldn't see much where the moonlight and the shadows tangled. “If Jesus is hid here, he can see us, cant he?” Caddy said. “He's not there,” father said. “He went away a long time ago.”

Related Characters: Mr. Compson (speaker), Caddy Compson (speaker), Quentin Compson (speaker), Jason Compson, Nancy , Jesus
Related Symbols: The Ditch, Darkness
Page Number and Citation: 309
Explanation and Analysis:
Mr. Compson and the children leave Nancy sitting in her cabin with the door open, rigid with fear and expecting to be murdered by Jesus any minute. Nancy surrenders to her fate and remains sitting in her house with the door open rather than trying to put off her death by barring the door against Jesus. Caddy asks her father “what’s going to happen,” but her father dismisses Nancy’s fears and tells her that nothing is going to happen. Quentin, however, obviously doubts his father’s judgement and checks the ditch for himself, looking for signs of Jesus. Quentin casts doubt Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis.