Definition of Metaphor
Central to the novel is the metaphor of “the bell jar” through which Esther understands her own mental health. A bell jar is an enclosed glass cylinder with an open bottom. They are often placed over delicate objects or used to create vacuum-sealed environments in laboratories. Esther's first use of the bell-jar metaphor appears when her mother tells her that she should be “grateful” that Mrs. Guinea has offered to cover the costs of Esther’s treatment in an expensive and private mental care facility:
I knew I should be grateful to Mrs. Guinea, only I couldn’t feel a thing. If Mrs. Guinea had given me a ticket to Europe, or a round-the-world cruise, it wouldn’t have made one scrap of difference to me, because wherever I sat—on the deck of a ship or at a street café in Paris or Bangkok—I would be sitting under the same glass bell jar, stewing in my own sour air.