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Capitalism
A commodity is anything that can be traded, bought and sold. While most commodities are physical goods, Marx and Engels argue that under a capitalist system, work itself becomes a kind of commodity. At least, it does for the proletariat—having no wealth or property, they have to sell their labor to the bourgeoisie in exchange for wages that allow them to survive. Marx and Engels see this as patently unfair because members of the proletariat are devalued: workers first, humans second. Furthermore, the labor of the proletariat actively creates the products that the bourgeoisie then sell for profit—without their work, these commodities would not exist.
Commodity Quotes in The Communist Manifesto
The The Communist Manifesto quotes below are all either spoken by Commodity or refer to Commodity. For each quote, you can also see the other terms and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
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I. Bourgeois and Proletarians Quotes
The bourgeoisie cannot exist without constantly revolutionising the instruments of production, and thereby the relations of production, and with them the whole relations of society […] Constant revolutionising of production, uninterrupted disturbance of all social conditions, everlasting uncertainty and agitation distinguish the bourgeois epoch from all earlier ones […] All that is solid melts into air, all that is holy is profaned, and man is at last compelled to face with sober senses his real conditions of life and his relations with his kind.
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One of the defining features of capitalism is that it is inherently competitive, with different members of the bourgeoisie competing against one another for market dominance. This means that competitive advantage is gained when the way of making a product (or distributing it) is made faster, cheaper, and generally more efficient. Specifically, Marx and Engels are talking about the means of production, which can generally be thought as everything required to make and distribute commodities other than the actual labor, such as machinery, tools, and factories. This makes society fundamentally unstable—nothing stays the same for very long. As the authors Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim n
The cheap prices of its commodities are the heavy artillery with which it batters down all Chinese walls, with which it forces the barbarians’ intensely obstinate hated of foreigners to capitulate. It compels all nations, on pain of extinction, to adopt the bourgeois mode of production; it compels them to introduce what it calls civilization into its midst, i.e., to become bourgeois themselves. In one word, it creates a world after its own image.
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Continuing their analysis of capitalism’s rise to dominance, Marx and Engels argue that commodities are not as innocent as they might seem to the average consumer. In fact, they constitute a form of weaponry used by the bourgeoisie in a kind of hidden warfare that nations have no defense against. Nations are defenseless because this isn’t a war they can fight with a military response—commodities do the work of the bourgeoisie by appealing directly to people’s desires, making them want products that previously they didn’t even realize they wanted. This forces nations into a choice between three options: either allow Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur
In these crises there breaks out an epidemic that, in all earlier epochs, would have seemed an absurdity—the epidemic of overproduction. Society suddenly finds itself put back into a state of momentary barbarism; it appears as if a famine, a universal war of devastation had cut off the supply of every means of subsistence; industry and commerce seem to be destroyed; and why? Because there is too much civilization, too much commerce.
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Marx and Engels offer further critique of the dangers of capitalism. The sheer size and power of the capitalist system puts society at risk of crises. They point out that capitalism is the only economic system that has resulted in the bizarre problem of overproduction. When too much of a particular commodity, or group of commodities, is produced, these commodities are potentially devalued, causing a serious domino effect throughout the economy. Because of the inherent inequality folded into capitalism, members of the proletariat are disproportionately exposed to the fallout of such crises because they depend upon the bourgeoisie for wages. Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitati
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Commodity Term Timeline in The Communist Manifesto
The timeline below shows where the term Commodity appears in The Communist Manifesto. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
I. Bourgeois and Proletarians
...bourgeoisie’s terms. The cheapness of bourgeois goods makes them irresistible; Marx and Engels liken these “commodities” to “heavy artillery,” forcing nations to comply or face extinction—become bourgeois, or cease to exist.
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...only find said work if it increases the bourgeoisie’s profits. Laborers, then, become like a commodity themselves, exposed to all the risks of competition and changes in the market.
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