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Day 3: First Tale
Themes
and Colors
Key
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Decameron, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Love and Sex
Men and Women
Moderation and Excess
Intelligence
Class and Character
Faith vs. Religion
Summary
Analysis
The ladies alternately blush and laugh at Filostrato’s tale, and Pampinea is still laughing when she begins her tale. Agilulf, king of Lombardy, is married to the beautiful and virtuous Theodelinda. A certain Groom, who came from a very low-born family, loved her hopelessly. He had the good sense to keep his feelings to himself, although his greatest pleasure was brushing up against the queen’s clothing when she rode her horse.
The groom’s love is hopeless because he is low-born yet he loves a queen—a social difference too great to be bridged.
Active
Themes
Realizing that the only way to bed Theodelinda would be to deceive her, the Groom looks for a way to impersonate Agilulf. He hides in the palace, where he witnesses Agilulf—wrapped in a cloak and carrying a torch and a big stick—knock on Theodelinda’s door and gain admittance. After some time, he returns to his own room. After the Groom procures a cloak, torch, and stick, he takes a long bath to wash away the smell of the stables. He then hides in the palace.
Pampinea is associated with prudence and her stories and comments are often focused on the importance of intelligence—especially, but not exclusively, in women. It’s thus not surprising that her tale focuses on the clever stratagems deployed by the groom—and later King Agilulf—throughout their cat and mouse game. However, his intention to sleep with Theodelinda under false pretenses—essentially to rape her—is uncomfortable and highlights the vulnerability of women to male trickery just as much as to male violence. The big stick and the torch are obvious phallic symbols, which indicate Agilulf’s sexual prowess. The image of a lustful king entering a woman’s room with his blazing torch is repeated in the later tale of Restituta and Gianni (V, 6).
Active
Themes
When everyone has fallen asleep, the Groom wraps himself in the cloak and knocks on Theodelinda’s door. A sleepy maid lets him in, and he climbs into the queen’s bed, where he makes love to her repeatedly. No sooner has the Groom torn himself away than Agilulf himself appears. When Theodelinda expresses surprise that he’s come back for more already, the savvy king realizes what’s happened. But he holds his tongue to avoid upsetting his blameless wife and compromising his own honor.
Agilulf goes to the servants’ dormitory, realizing that the adulterous servant’s heart would still be racing after his exertions, and checks everyone’s pulse. The Groom, although afraid for his life, pretends to be asleep to see what the king will do. Agilulf, marking his heartbeat, cuts off a lock of his hair and leaves. Understanding that this will allow the king to single him out for punishment in the daylight, the Groom cuts a lock from the rest of the servants’ hair.
Active
Themes
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The next morning, Agilulf calls all his servants together, but when he begins to inspect them, he realizes they all have the same odd haircut. Realizing that he can’t punish the low-born but clever fellow without revealing the crime, he tells everyone that whoever did it had “better not do it again.” The servants wonder at these strange words, except for the Groom, who never visits Theodelinda again.
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