The Devil’s Arithmetic
by Jane Yolen
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Themes and Colors
Memory Theme Icon
Sacrifice Theme Icon
Jewish Culture and Identity Theme Icon
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LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Devil’s Arithmetic, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Memory Theme Icon
Memory Theme Icon

The Devil’s Arithmetic follows Hannah, a contemporary Jewish girl, as she’s magically transported back to Poland in 1942. At the beginning of the story, Hannah sees remembering the past as nothing more than a burden. She dislikes how all Jewish holidays seem to be about remembering the past, wishing that instead she could just focus on the celebratory parts of holidays, like eating Easter candy. But when Hannah gets transported back in time to 1942 Poland, she gets a firsthand lesson about why adults like Grandpa Will and Aunt Eva believe that remembering the past is so important.

At first, Hannah believes that her memories of the Holocaust might help her protect the people of the Polish shtetl, like Gitl and Shmuel, from the Nazis by alerting her new friends to the dangers the Nazis pose. But as Hannah talks, she learns that remembering history alone is not enough to prevent it from happening. Gitl and Shmuel themselves have no memory of the Holocaust (because it hasn’t happened yet), and so partly because they can’t imagine a tragedy on the scale of the Holocaust, they trust the Nazis when they command them to board a truck to be “resettled.” Hannah learns that remembering history can’t be a solitary activity—everyone has to remember it to prevent it from happening again. Furthermore, as Hannah experiences an important episode in Jewish history firsthand, she learns that not everyone has the luxury of choosing whether or not to remember the past. For people like Grandpa Will and Aunt Eva, who have a reminder of the concentration camps literally on their skin in the form of tattoos, it is impossible for them to forget the horrors they witnessed. And so, when Hannah complains at the beginning of the novel that remembering things is a burden, she isn’t necessarily wrong, but she doesn’t realize at the beginning that she lives a privileged life compared to family members and other Jewish people who survived the Holocaust. Hannah learns that being able to remember is a privilege, and that remembering is a way to honor the people who suffered in the past to make her present life possible. Additionally, remembering is a way to potentially prevent the atrocities of the past from happening again.

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Memory ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Memory appears in each chapter of The Devil’s Arithmetic. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Memory Quotes in The Devil’s Arithmetic

Below you will find the important quotes in The Devil’s Arithmetic related to the theme of Memory.

Chapter 1 Quotes

“I’m tired of remembering,” said Hannah to her mother as she climbed into the car.

Related Characters: Hannah/Chaya (speaker), Mother
Page Number and Citation: 3
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote begins the novel. In it, Hannah complains to her mother that all Jewish holidays are about “remembering.” And so, the book immediately sets up Hannah’s complicated relationship with her Jewish heritage, showing how she initially views it as a burden. As later parts of the story reveal, Hannah knows the basic facts of Jewish history, including what happened during the Holocaust, but she does not understand them yet on a personal level. She resents how so many of the Jewish holidays involve remembering the past, including times that were dark or painful, and she sees only the sacrifices Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Acc

There was a lipstick stain where Aunt Eva had kissed her on the forehead. She ran some water and tried to scrub it off, feeling guilty because Aunt Eva was her favorite aunt, the only one who preferred her over Aaron. Hannah was even named after some friend of Aunt Eva’s. Some dead friend.

Related Characters: Hannah/Chaya, Grandpa Will, Aaron, Rivka/Aunt Eva
Related Symbols: Tattoo
Page Number and Citation: 7
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage comes after Hannah’s older relatives greet her upon her arrival at the Bronx apartment of her grandparents for a Passover Seder. While the first lines of the chapter describe Hannah’s reluctance to engage with Jewish culture, Hannah’s positive feelings toward Aunt Eva (as well as her sense of guilt about wiping off Aunt Eva’s lipstick) suggest that Hannah’s relationship to Judaism is more complicated. For Hannah, Aunt Eva is the living embodiment of the past, and the fact that Aunt Eva has a dead friend gives an early hint of how much Aunt Eva must have suffered when Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae ea

Chapter 2 Quotes

“Give them this!” Grandpa Will shouted at the TV, holding up his left arm to the set. The sleeve of his shirt was rolled up above the elbow.

Related Characters: Grandpa Will (speaker), Hannah/Chaya
Related Symbols: Tattoo
Page Number and Citation: 8
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote describes Grandpa Will in the middle of one of his “fits” that he sometimes has. These fits seem to be a form of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) where certain triggers that remind Grandpa Will of the past cause him to suddenly feel as if he’s reliving the horrors of his youth. In this case, seeing the Holocaust on television causes Grandpa Will to hold up his arm reflexively, as if to show the identification tattoo that he received many decades ago in a concentration camp. In a story that involves literal time travel, Grandpa Will’s confusion about past Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusa

Chapter 3 Quotes

Rosemary gets to eat jellybeans, and I get to eat horseradish.

Related Characters: Hannah/Chaya (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 15
Explanation and Analysis:
While unhappily attending her family’s Passover Seder (a Jewish ritual dinner), Hannah imagines what her Christian friend Rosemary is doing at this very moment. Easter and Passover often fall around the same time, and jellybeans are a candy often associated with Easter, while horseradish is one of the bitter herbs eaten at a Seder. Hannah’s thoughts here emphasize her childish attitude at this early point in the story. She believes that Christians are lucky because they have fun holidays that involve eating candy while she is forced to “remember” things, eat bitter herbs instead of candy, and pay witness to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Elig

Chapter 4 Quotes

“Never mind, little Chaya, never mind,” Gitl said. “Shmuel and I—we are your family now.”

Related Characters: Gitl (speaker), Mother, Rivka/Aunt Eva , Father, Hannah/Chaya, Shmuel
Page Number and Citation: 31
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote comes after Hannah walks through a door at her grandparents’ apartment in the Bronx and somehow ends up in a shtetl somewhere not too far from Lublin, Poland, in 1942. Hannah becomes Chaya, a girl who seems to be Aunt Eva’s friend who died long ago. Hannah’s transformation into Chaya is significant because it forces her to do the one thing she has been avoiding so far in the novel: confront the past. Hannah immediately sees similarities between Chaya’s life and her own life in the novel’s present day. Just as Hannah “lost” her parents when she got Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus

Chapter 5 Quotes

“But if there is no Old Rochelle, how can there be a New?” Shmuel mused out loud. “Perhaps there is a Rochelle all alone, though the child does not know it.”

Related Characters: Shmuel (speaker), Hannah/Chaya, Gitl, Fayge
Page Number and Citation: 36
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote describes Hannah’s futile attempts to explain what life is like in the future to her new parent figures, Shmuel and Gitl. For Hannah, her home in New Rochelle is practically all she’s ever known, and so she finds it jarring to learn that in this time and place, people haven’t even heard of her home. This passage is significant because, as much as the novel explores the importance of memory, it also explores the limits of what memory can accomplish. Hannah can remember the times that she learned about the history of the Holocaust in school, and yet Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus c

Chapter 6 Quotes

Photographs of Grandma’s family but none of Grandpa Will’s, because, Aunt Eva had once explained, no photographs had been saved in the death camps. “We are our own photos. Those pictures are engraved only in our memories. When we are gone, they are gone.”

Related Characters: Rivka/Aunt Eva (speaker), Gitl, Grandpa Will, Shmuel, Hannah/Chaya
Related Symbols: Tattoo
Page Number and Citation: 44
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote describes Hannah’s realization that she has never seen Gitl or Shmuel before because any pictures of them were destroyed in the Holocaust. On the one hand, this fact helps Hannah realize the true scale of the Holocaust—in addition to the deaths of millions of innocent people, the Holocaust also resulted in the total erasure of many significant parts of Jewish culture. On the other hand, however, Hannah learns that despite how much of Jewish culture the Holocaust destroyed, many of the most important aspects of this old culture live on in the survivors, who continue to be a Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut.

Chapter 7 Quotes

Pretty girl, with faraway eyes,
Why do you look with such surprise?
How did you get to be so wise,
Old girl in young-girl disguise.

Related Characters: The Badchan (speaker), Shifre, Shmuel, Hannah/Chaya, Fayge, Rachel, Esther
Page Number and Citation: 55
Explanation and Analysis:
This is a song that the badchan (an entertainer like a jester at Jewish events) sings to Hannah during the wedding of Shmuel and Fayge. This is the part of the story when Hannah gets to experience Jewish culture at its most joyous. In addition to the celebratory atmosphere of the wedding, she also makes some new friends in the shtetl named Rachel, Esther, and Shifre. Still, lurking under this happy occasion are some ominous signs, including the specter of World War II and the Holocaust. The badchan perfectly captures this contradictory tone, combining jokes and laughter with a strange Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque

Chapter 8 Quotes

“The men down there,” she cried out desperately, “they’re not wedding guests. They’re Nazis. Nazis! Do you understand? They kill people. They killed—kill—will kill Jews. Hundreds of them. Thousands of them. Six million of them! I know. Don’t ask me how I know, I just do. We have to turn the wagons around. We have to run!”

Related Characters: Hannah/Chaya (speaker), The Rabbi, Gitl, Shmuel
Page Number and Citation: 64
Explanation and Analysis:
After the Nazis come with trucks and start ordering all the Jewish people to board them to get “resettled,” Hannah tries in vain to convince the others that they are all I grave danger. Hannah, with her knowledge from the future, knows without a doubt that the Nazis pose a real threat to the villagers. Nevertheless, she struggles to convince the people around her that what she’s saying is true. In this scene, Hannah gets an important lesson about how unprecedented the actions of the Nazis were, even in a world where anti-Semitism had a long history. While the villages Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendi

Chapter 9 Quotes

Was knowing—or not knowing—more frightening? She couldn’t decide. A strange awful taste rose in her mouth, more bitter even than the Seder’s bitter herbs. And they were for remembering.

Related Characters: Hannah/Chaya
Page Number and Citation: 72
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage describes Hannah’s fear and confusion as the Nazis transport her and the other people of her shtetl to be “resettled” at a concentration camp. Whereas previously, Hannah found the bitter herbs of a Passover Seder to be an unpleasant annoyance, she now finds that they are significantly less unpleasant than the dark moments from history that they represent. This passage succinctly shows how Hannah is getting firsthand experience of a history that she has only learned about indirectly, in history class or from stories her older relatives have told her. As Hannah learns about the reality of the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem acc

Chapter 11 Quotes

“You are zugangi, newcomers, the lowest of the low,” the tall, dark-haired woman said to them as they huddled in the stark barracks room. She was in a blue dress with green piping and the short sleeves displayed a long number tattooed on her arm.

Related Characters: The Blokova (speaker), Hannah/Chaya
Related Symbols: Tattoo
Page Number and Citation: 88
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage describes the blokova’s greeting to Hannah and the other new prisoners. The term blokova refers to a prisoner whom the Nazis appointed to have power over the other prisoners in the concentration camp. Meeting the blokova further complicates Hannah’s understanding of history. She can’t understand at first why the blokova—who has a tattoo identifying her as a prisoner of the Nazis, just like all the other prisoners—nevertheless focuses her animosity on Jewish prisoners instead of her Nazi captors. The blokova helps Hannah understand how complicated and deep-rooted anti-Semitism can be. The blokova also teaches Hannah about the corrupting Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus cor

Chapter 12 Quotes

“When the man finished the number, he reached out and touched the collar of her dress, smoothing it down gently. “Live,” he whispered. “For my Chaya. For all our Chayas. Live. And remember.”

Related Characters: The Blokova, Hannah/Chaya
Related Symbols: Tattoo
Page Number and Citation: 100
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote describes a memorable encounter that Hannah (as Chaya) has with the Jewish man in the concentration camp who tattoos the other prisoners. Unlike the blokova, the man has not decided to collaborate with the Nazis and is simply doing the job he’s been assigned to try to stay alive. He notices that Hannah (who at this point is “Chaya”) is wearing a dress that his own daughter Chaya used to wear. Although the name Chaya means life, when the man sees Hannah wearing his daughter’s dress, it seems to remind him that his daughter is dead. Rather than Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error.

Chapter 13 Quotes

Something forced Hannah to bend down and stare into the shelf. Little Tzipporah lay curled in a ball, her finger in her mouth like a stopper in a bottle. There was a fly on her cheek. Hannah reached out to brush it off.

“Do not touch her,” Gitl said.

Related Characters: Gitl (speaker), Tzipporah, Yitzchak, Hannah/Chaya
Page Number and Citation: 106
Explanation and Analysis:
In this quote, Hannah goes to rouse Yitzchak’s young daughter Tzipporah, only to slowly realize that Tzipporah has died of starvation. While Hannah has already encountered death, particularly on the train ride to the camp, this seems to be her first up-close encounter with the death of someone she knows. What’s significant about this moment for Hannah is that there is nothing particularly dramatic about Tzipporah’s death—Hannah thinks Tzipporah is simply sleeping right up until the moment when Gitl tells her not to touch her. Hannah learns a cruel truth about concentration camps: the immense suffering that takes place within Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae

Chapter 17 Quotes

“If something happens to us, you must remember. Promise me, Chaya, you will remember.”

Hannah’s lips moved but no sound came out.

“Promise.”

“I will remember.” The words forced themselves out through her stiffened lips.

Related Characters: Gitl (speaker), Hannah/Chaya (speaker), Shmuel, Yitzchak
Page Number and Citation: 144
Explanation and Analysis:
In this quote, Gitl prepares Hannah (whom she still calls Chaya) for an upcoming escape attempt in which she, Shmuel, Yitzchak, and some others will participate. As the dangerous escape attempt approaches, Gitl’s biggest concern isn’t death but being forgotten, which is why she asks Chaya to make a promise to remember. This passage shows how far Hannah has come since the beginning of the book, which featured her complaining about having to remember the past. Now, Hannah finally accepts her responsibility to remember those who have not survived to tell their own stories.  In fact, Hannah was correct about Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt

Chapter 18 Quotes

When it was silent at last, the commandant threw the shoes on top of Fayge’s body. “Let them all go up the stack,” he said. “Call the Kommandos. Schnell!”

Related Characters: The Commandant (speaker), Hannah/Chaya, Rivka/Aunt Eva , Shmuel, Fayge, Grandpa Will
Related Symbols: Chimneys
Page Number and Citation: 159
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote describes the moment shortly after the commandant rounds up Shmuel and several other prisoners who failed to escape, then has them all shot. In the middle of the execution, Fayge (who didn’t join the escape attempt because she was too accustomed to regular concentration camp life) runs toward Shmuel and gets killed too. Fayge illustrates the consequences of giving in to despair, showing how once a person has lost their hope of a better future (as Fayge did when she chose not to escape), they may decide their life has no value. While the novel portrays Fayge sympathetically, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officii

The memories of Lublin and the shtetl and the camp itself suddenly seemed like the dreams. She lived, had lived, would live in the future—she, or someone with whom she shared memories. But Rivka had only now.

Related Characters: Esther, Rivka/Aunt Eva , Shifre, Hannah/Chaya
Related Symbols: Chimneys
Page Number and Citation: 159
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage comes from the climactic moment in the story where Hannah chooses to make the ultimate sacrifice, giving up her own life (or at least Chaya’s) in order to save Rivka. This decision shows how after witnessing all the other Jewish people in the camp making sacrifices to help the community survive, Hannah has finally decided that it is time to make her own sacrifice. Although Hannah knows that she has a life in the future, she ultimately doesn’t know what the outcome of her sacrifice will be for her in this moment—and so she demonstrates bravery and maturity Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earu

Then all three of them took deep, ragged breaths and walked in through the door into endless night.

Related Characters: Esther, Hannah/Chaya, Rivka/Aunt Eva , Grandpa Will, Shifre
Related Symbols: Chimneys
Page Number and Citation: 160
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote describes Hannah’s final moments in the past, as she, Esther, and Shifre all walk through a dark set of doors that they know only as Lilith’s Cave (named after a demon from Jewish folklore). The scene has strong parallels to how Hannah originally got sent back in time to the past, with both cases involving her stepping through a dark doorway. Doorways can symbolize a transition, and this final step through a door shows the completion of Hannah’s coming-of-age journey. When Hannah returns to her grandparents’ apartment in the Bronx, it’s as if no time has passed. What Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti solu

Chapter 19 Quotes

“In my village, in the camp . . . in the past,” Eva said, “I was called Rivka.”

Hannah nodded and took her aunt’s fingers from her lips. She said, in a voice much louder than she had intended, so loud that the entire table hushed at its sound, “I remember. Oh, I remember.”

Related Characters: Hannah/Chaya (speaker), Rivka/Aunt Eva (speaker)
Related Symbols: Tattoo
Page Number and Citation: 164
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote concludes the book’s final chapter (aside from the epilogue). In The Devil’s Arithmetic, Yolen often uses a mirror structure, where events at the beginning of the book occur in a different form near the end. In this quote, the final words of the book strongly resemble the opening lines, with each spoken by Hannah and dealing with the topic of remembering. But whereas Hannah felt resentful about having to remember Jewish culture and history at the beginning of the story, she now accepts her responsibility to remember the past with solemnity and even enthusiasm. Despite Hannah’s early affection Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. M

Epilogue Quotes

It later became an adoption agency, the finest in the Mideast. She called it after her young niece, who had died a hero in the camps: CHAYA.

Life.

Related Characters: Yitzchak, Gitl, Hannah/Chaya, Rivka/Aunt Eva
Page Number and Citation: 166
Explanation and Analysis:
This is the final line of the story, occurring in an epilogue that describes Gitl and Yitzchak’s lives after surviving the Holocaust (as told by Aunt Eva to Hannah). Before their escape attempt, Gitl asked Chaya to promise to always remember her. As it turns out, however, Gitl survived the camp but Chaya didn’t. Gitl shows that memory goes both ways, and since Chaya is no longer around to remember Gitl, Gitl instead dedicates her life’s work to Chaya, helping children in need and even naming her organization after Chaya (a name that has double significance, since Gitl is also Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium e