The Government Inspector
by Nikolay Gogol
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Themes and Colors
Corruption and Bureaucracy Theme Icon
Greed, Selfishness, and Pleasure Theme Icon
External Validation Theme Icon
Self-Deception Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Government Inspector, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
External Validation Theme Icon
External Validation Theme Icon

Many of the characters in The Government Inspector are motivated by the desire for external validation. When Khlestakov says, “After all, what does one really need? Only to be respected and genuinely liked,” he reveals his longing for outside approval. He frequently shows off and presents himself as more impressive than he actually is to attract other people’s adoration. Yet, in reality, Khlestakov is nobody important, nor does he do any honest work to earn the respect and admiration he desires. Similarly, the mayor puts more effort into seeming a good mayor when he thinks the government inspector has arrived than he does into being a good mayor. He hurries to make superficial changes to the town to conceal corruption instead of addressing the townspeople’s complaints. Also, as soon as the mayor believes his daughter Marya Antonovna will marry an important man, he solicits everyone’s congratulations to enhance his own reputation and self-importance. Like Khlestakov, the mayor wants attention, respect, and admiration from the people around him, although he does nothing to earn these things. Furthermore, at the end of the play, the mayor and other town officials are more upset that Khlestakov has turned them into laughingstocks than they are remorseful about their numerous wrongdoings. More than anything else, the officials care about their images. By showing how morally corrupt and foolish these characters are, the play exposes a comically large gap between the admiration they desire and the ridicule they deserve. In doing so, the play ultimately ridicules people who are so morally corrupt that they believe external validation for appearing good is more important than actually doing good.

Related Themes from Other Texts
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External Validation ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of External Validation appears in each act of The Government Inspector. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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External Validation Quotes in The Government Inspector

Below you will find the important quotes in The Government Inspector related to the theme of External Validation.

Act 1 Quotes

Now you listen, this is what you must do. Constable Pugovitsyn is very tall, so station him on the bridge to create a good impression. And tell them to pull down that old fence by the shoemaker’s and stick up some poles to make it look like a building site. The more we pull down the busier the mayor will appear.

Related Characters: The Mayor (speaker), Chief of Police
Page Number and Citation: 231
Explanation and Analysis:
Once the mayor believes the government inspector has already arrived, he rushes to make the town more presentable for the inspector. So, he instructs the Chief of Police to set up constables around town to make “a good impression.” The mayor’s own words show that he’s only interested in improving the town’s appearance superficially. It doesn’t matter to the mayor that the constables are known for incompetency and abuses of authority. Instead, the mayor simply cares that a tall constable standing on a bridge will look good. Similarly, the mayor orders the Chief of Police to create the illusion of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate

Act 2 Quotes

But no: he has to show off in every town. “I say, Osip,” he tells me, “fish around and find me the best room and order a first-rate dinner—no inferior cooking for me, nothing but the best will do.” It wouldn’t be so bad if he really was a somebody, but he’s just a lousy little clerk.

Related Characters: Osip (speaker), Khlestakov
Related Symbols: Food
Page Number and Citation: 234
Explanation and Analysis:
Stranded at the inn in town, Osip complains about Khlestakov, his master. According to Osip, Khlestakov demands the highest luxuries even though he can hardly afford them. While traveling, he claims he needs to stay in “‘the best room’” and always eat “‘a first-rate dinner,’” because only “‘the best will do’” for him. Osip’s gripes demonstrate that Khlestakov is self-indulgent and pleasure-seeking. He greedily chases after comfort and satisfaction without thinking responsibly. Significantly, Khlestakov seems to desire good food in particular. Osip emphasizes that Khlestakov doesn’t want any “inferior cooking,” but only the best meals. For Khlestakov, food has special Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic

And I’m like you—I’ve no time for two-faced people. I find your frankness and cordiality most gratifying. I do confess that I ask for nothing more out of life than devotion and respect, respect and devotion.

Related Characters: Khlestakov (speaker), The Mayor
Page Number and Citation: 245-246
Explanation and Analysis:
After the mayor invites Khlestakov to stay in his home, Khlestakov accepts gratefully and compliments the mayor’s sincerity. The irony of Khlestakov’s words is striking. Khlestakov claims he has “no time for two-faced people” without knowing how dishonest the mayor actually is. The mayor is lying to Khlestakov about not only his magnanimous spirit but also the reason for his generosity. The mayor’s hospitality isn’t motivated by “frankness” or “cordiality,” as Khlestakov believes, but instead by an ulterior motive. Through bribery, the mayor intends to win Khlestakov’s favor so that Khlestakov—as the supposed government inspector—won’t report the mayor’s corruption to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Inc

Act 3 Quotes

Now, Mashenka, we have to decide what to wear. He’s a Petersburg man-about-town, so I hope he won’t laugh at us.

Related Characters: Anna Andreyevna (speaker), The Mayor, Khlestakov, Marya Antonovna
Page Number and Citation: 252
Explanation and Analysis:
After she learns that Khlestakov will be staying in the mayor’s house, Anna Andreyevna immediately wonders how she can impress the man she believes is the government inspector. Specifically, Anna is concerned about “what to wear.” Her focus on clothes and appearances underscores her vanity, shallowness, and self-centeredness. She also wants her daughter, Marya Antonovna, to look her best so Khlestakov “won’t laugh at” them. This fear of derision suggests that Anna desires Khlestakov’s acceptance, or approval. She wants to be admired and respected by other people. Like many other characters in the play, Anna displays a need for external Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Volu

Once I was even taken for the Commander-in-Chief himself. The soldiers leapt out of the guardroom and presented arms. Afterwards an officer—a great friend of mine—told me: “Well, old man, we really did think you were the Commander-in-Chief!”

Related Characters: Khlestakov (speaker), The Mayor
Page Number and Citation: 257
Explanation and Analysis:
In front of the town officials and the mayor’s family, Khlestakov exaggerates about his life in St. Petersburg, claiming to be a far more important government official than he actually is. He pretends he was once mistaken “for the Commander-in-Chief himself,” someone much higher-ranking than him. Supposedly, Khlestakov made such a powerful impression that “soldiers leapt out of the guardroom” and “presented arms” to show their respect to him. Khlestakov implies that he’s so impressive that other people can’t help but honor him, even when he’s not trying to attract attention. This made-up story shows how much Khlestakov desires other Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi soluta perspiciatis. Ut minima autem.

Act 4 Quotes

After all, what does one really need? Only to be respected and genuinely liked.

Related Characters: Khlestakov (speaker), Postmaster
Page Number and Citation: 270
Explanation and Analysis:
During a one-on-one meeting with the postmaster, Khlestakov professes that the only thing anyone “really need[s]” is “to be respected and genuinely liked.” This declaration suggests that Khlestakov believes genuine respect and appreciation are most important—and, in fact, essential—in life. However, Khlestakov’s actions throughout the play demonstrate that he actually seeks attention and admiration beyond what he deserves. Khlestakov repeatedly tries to appear more impressive than he is to attract other people’s adoration. When Khlestakov exaggerates about who he is, he doesn’t make genuine connections. Instead, he gains outside approval based on a false premise. Additionally, Khlestakov takes advantage of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a.

Act 5 Quotes

What are you laughing at? You’re laughing at yourselves, that’s what!

Related Characters: The Mayor (speaker), Khlestakov
Page Number and Citation: 304
Explanation and Analysis:
After the mayor discovers that Khlestakov is only a nobody—not the visiting government inspector he feared—the mayor furiously rebukes himself for being stupid and gullible. In the middle of his tirade, the mayor suddenly exclaims, “What are you laughing at? You’re laughing at yourselves, that’s what!” This abrupt line is usually directed toward the audience. In this way, the mayor breaks the fourth wall, or the imaginary separation between actors on stage and a play’s viewers. When the mayor directly addresses the audience, he berates them for laughing at him. The mayor’s anger at being derided shows how much he Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum e