The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

by Henry Fielding
Themes and Colors
Virtue vs. Vice Theme Icon
Marriage, Romance, and Economics Theme Icon
Appearance vs. Reality Theme Icon
Coming of Age Theme Icon
Storytelling, Literature, and Structure Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Appearance vs. Reality Theme Icon
Appearance vs. Reality Theme Icon

The titular character of The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Tom Jones, often takes the world at face value, but as the narrator and other more experienced characters know, appearances don’t always reflect reality. Near the beginning of the novel, for example, Mr. Partridge loses his teaching job simply because it appears that he had an illegitimate child (Tom) with Jenny Jones. As it turns out, Mr. Partridge had no such affair and Jenny Jones (later Mrs. Waters) didn’t even give birth to a child, and yet this rumor will continue to have effects that reverberate until the truth of Tom’s parentage comes out when he’s a young man. The novel is full of cases of mistaken identity, tricks, and characters who are hypocritical. While Partridge and Jenny Jones are innocent of what they are accused of (though Jenny was complicit in the ruse), there are other characters like Black George who manage to hide their darker side, as the gamekeeper pretends to be Tom’s friend while secretly stealing 500 pounds from him.

However, the novel acknowledges that sometimes a person’s external appearance does, in fact, reveal something about them as a person. Tom’s appearance as a gentleman, for example, is plainly obvious to people even when he is in dire financial situations and is otherwise believed to be illegitimate. People’s perceptions of him foreshadow the revelation that he is actually the gentleman Mr. Allworthy’s biological nephew. Similarly, Sophia’s outer beauty signals her inner purity and morality. More often, however, characters in Tom Jones use their external appearances to hide something about their true nature. Thwackum, for example, uses his schoolteacher persona to hide his more brutal and vindictive side, while Mr. Blifil hides his selfish desire to possess Sophia by claiming that his actions are a way to show loyalty to his uncle, Mr. Allworthy. As Tom matures, he begins to understand that he can’t always trust external appearances. The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling depicts how surface-level details, like a person’s appearance or reputation, can reveal deeper truths about a person. And yet, the novel acknowledges that perhaps even more often, these external details are misleading, allowing hypocrites or manipulators to present false versions of themselves to the world—at least until they get caught.

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Appearance vs. Reality ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Appearance vs. Reality appears in each chapter of The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
How often theme appears:
chapter length:
Chapter
Book 1, Chapter 1
1.1
Book 1, Chapter 2
1.2
Book 1, Chapter 3
1.3
Book 1, Chapter 4
1.4
Book 1, Chapter 5
1.5
Book 1, Chapter 6
1.6
Book 1, Chapter 7
1.7
Book 1, Chapter 8
1.8
Book 1, Chapter 9
1.9
Book 1, Chapter 10
1.10
Book 1, Chapter 11
1.11
Book 1, Chapter 12
1.12
Book 1, Chapter 13
1.13
Book 2, Chapter 1
2.1
Book 2, Chapter 2
2.2
Book 2, Chapter 3
2.3
Book 2, Chapter 4
2.4
Book 2, Chapter 5
2.5
Book 2, Chapter 6
2.6
Book 2, Chapter 7
2.7
Book 2, Chapter 8
2.8
Book 2, Chapter 9
2.9
Book 3, Chapter 1
3.1
Book 3, Chapter 2
3.2
Book 3, Chapter 3
3.3
Book 3, Chapter 4
3.4
Book 3, Chapter 5
3.5
Book 3, Chapter 6
3.6
Book 3, Chapter 7
3.7
Book 3, Chapter 8
3.8
Book 3, Chapter 9
3.9
Book 3, Chapter 10
3.10
Book 4, Chapter 1
4.1
Book 4, Chapter 2
4.2
Book 4, Chapter 3
4.3
Book 4, Chapter 4
4.4
Book 4, Chapter 5
4.5
Book 4, Chapter 6
4.6
Book 4, Chapter 7
4.7
Book 4, Chapter 8
4.8
Book 4, Chapter 9
4.9
Book 4, Chapter 10
4.10
Book 4, Chapter 11
4.11
Book 4, Chapter 12
4.12
Book 4, Chapter 13
4.13
Book 4, Chapter 14
4.14
Book 5, Chapter 1
5.1
Book 5, Chapter 2
5.2
Book 5, Chapter 3
5.3
Book 5, Chapter 4
5.4
Book 5, Chapter 5
5.5
Book 5, Chapter 6
5.6
Book 5, Chapter 7
5.7
Book 5, Chapter 8
5.8
Book 5, Chapter 9
5.9
Book 5, Chapter 10
5.10
Book 5, Chapter 11
5.11
Book 5, Chapter 12
5.12
Book 6, Chapter 1
6.1
Book 6, Chapter 2
6.2
Book 6, Chapter 3
6.3
Book 6, Chapter 4
6.4
Book 6, Chapter 5
6.5
Book 6, Chapter 6
6.6
Book 6, Chapter 7
6.7
Book 6, Chapter 8
6.8
Book 6, Chapter 9
6.9
Book 6, Chapter 10
6.10
Book 6, Chapter 11
6.11
Book 6, Chapter 12
6.12
Book 6, Chapter 13
6.13
Book 6, Chapter 14
6.14
Book 7, Chapter 1
7.1
Book 7, Chapter 2
7.2
Book 7, Chapter 3
7.3
Book 7, Chapter 4
7.4
Book 7, Chapter 5
7.5
Book 7, Chapter 6
7.6
Book 7, Chapter 7
7.7
Book 7, Chapter 8
7.8
Book 7, Chapter 9
7.9
Book 7, Chapter 10
7.10
Book 7, Chapter 11
7.11
Book 7, Chapter 12
7.12
Book 7, Chapter 13
7.13
Book 7, Chapter 14
7.14
Book 7, Chapter 15
7.15
Book 8, Chapter 1
8.1
Book 8, Chapter 2
8.2
Book 8, Chapter 3
8.3
Book 8, Chapter 4
8.4
Book 8, Chapter 5
8.5
Book 8, Chapter 6
8.6
Book 8, Chapter 7
8.7
Book 8, Chapter 8
8.8
Book 8, Chapter 9
8.9
Book 8, Chapter 10
8.10
Book 8, Chapter 11
8.11
Book 8, Chapter 12
8.12
Book 8, Chapter 13
8.13
Book 8, Chapter 14
8.14
Book 8, Chapter 15
8.15
Book 9, Chapter 1
9.1
Book 9, Chapter 2
9.2
Book 9, Chapter 3
9.3
Book 9, Chapter 4
9.4
Book 9, Chapter 5
9.5
Book 9, Chapter 6
9.6
Book 9, Chapter 7
9.7
Book 10, Chapter 1
10.1
Book 10, Chapter 2
10.2
Book 10, Chapter 3
10.3
Book 10, Chapter 4
10.4
Book 10, Chapter 5
10.5
Book 10, Chapter 6
10.6
Book 10, Chapter 7
10.7
Book 10, Chapter 8
10.8
Book 10, Chapter 9
10.9
Book 11, Chapter 1
11.1
Book 11, Chapter 2
11.2
Book 11, Chapter 3
11.3
Book 11, Chapter 4
11.4
Book 11, Chapter 5
11.5
Book 11, Chapter 6
11.6
Book 11, Chapter 7
11.7
Book 11, Chapter 8
11.8
Book 11, Chapter 9
11.9
Book 11, Chapter 10
11.10
Book 12, Chapter 1
12.1
Book 12, Chapter 2
12.2
Book 12, Chapter 3
12.3
Book 12, Chapter 4
12.4
Book 12, Chapter 5
12.5
Book 12, Chapter 6
12.6
Book 12, Chapter 7
12.7
Book 12, Chapter 8
12.8
Book 12, Chapter 9
12.9
Book 12, Chapter 10
12.10
Book 12, Chapter 11
12.11
Book 12, Chapter 12
12.12
Book 12, Chapter 13
12.13
Book 12, Chapter 14
12.14
Book 13, Chapter 1
13.1
Book 13, Chapter 2
13.2
Book 13, Chapter 3
13.3
Book 13, Chapter 4
13.4
Book 13, Chapter 5
13.5
Book 13, Chapter 6
13.6
Book 13, Chapter 7
13.7
Book 13, Chapter 8
13.8
Book 13, Chapter 9
13.9
Book 13, Chapter 10
13.10
Book 13, Chapter 11
13.11
Book 13, Chapter 12
13.12
Book 14, Chapter 1
14.1
Book 14, Chapter 2
14.2
Book 14, Chapter 3
14.3
Book 14, Chapter 4
14.4
Book 14, Chapter 5
14.5
Book 14, Chapter 6
14.6
Book 14, Chapter 7
14.7
Book 14, Chapter 8
14.8
Book 14, Chapter 9
14.9
Book 14, Chapter 10
14.10
Book 15, Chapter 1
15.1
Book 15, Chapter 2
15.2
Book 15, Chapter 3
15.3
Book 15, Chapter 4
15.4
Book 15, Chapter 5
15.5
Book 15, Chapter 6
15.6
Book 15, Chapter 7
15.7
Book 15, Chapter 8
15.8
Book 15, Chapter 9
15.9
Book 15, Chapter 10
15.10
Book 15, Chapter 11
15.11
Book 15, Chapter 12
15.12
Book 16, Chapter 1
16.1
Book 16, Chapter 2
16.2
Book 16, Chapter 3
16.3
Book 16, Chapter 4
16.4
Book 16, Chapter 5
16.5
Book 16, Chapter 6
16.6
Book 16, Chapter 7
16.7
Book 16, Chapter 8
16.8
Book 16, Chapter 9
16.9
Book 16, Chapter 10
16.10
Book 17, Chapter 1
17.1
Book 17, Chapter 2
17.2
Book 17, Chapter 3
17.3
Book 17, Chapter 4
17.4
Book 17, Chapter 5
17.5
Book 17, Chapter 6
17.6
Book 17, Chapter 7
17.7
Book 17, Chapter 8
17.8
Book 17, Chapter 9
17.9
Book 18, Chapter 1
18.1
Book 18, Chapter 2
18.2
Book 18, Chapter 3
18.3
Book 18, Chapter 4
18.4
Book 18, Chapter 5
18.5
Book 18, Chapter 6
18.6
Book 18, Chapter 7
18.7
Book 18, Chapter 8
18.8
Book 18, Chapter 9
18.9
Book 18, Chapter 10
18.10
Book 18, Chapter 11
18.11
Book 18, Chapter 12
18.12
Book 18, Chapter 13
18.13
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Appearance vs. Reality Quotes in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

Below you will find the important quotes in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling related to the theme of Appearance vs. Reality.

Book 1, Chapter 3 Quotes

Mr Allworthy had been absent a full quarter of a year in London, on some very particular business, though I know not what it was; but judge of its importance by its having detained him so long from home, whence he had not been absent a month at a time during the space of many years. He came to his house very late in the evening, and after a short supper with his sister, retired much fatigued to his chamber. Here, having spent some minutes on his knees—a custom which he never broke through on any account—he was preparing to step into bed, when, upon opening the cloathes, to his great surprize he beheld an infant, wrapt up in some coarse linen, in a sweet and profound sleep, between his sheets.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Mr. Allworthy, Tom Jones
Page Number and Citation: 40
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 4, Chapter 2 Quotes

But lest this should not have been thy fortune, we will endeavour with our utmost skill to describe this paragon, though we are sensible that our highest abilities are very inadequate to the task.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Sophia Western, Tom Jones
Page Number and Citation: 141
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 8, Chapter 6 Quotes

“It is possible,” cries Benjamin, “for it is so: but though it is natural enough for men to hate even the innocent causes of their sufferings, yet I am of a different temper. I have loved you ever since I heard of your behavior to Black George, as I told you; and I am convinced, from this extraordinary meeting, that you are born to make me amends for all I have suffered on that account.

Related Characters: Mr. Partridge/Little Benjamin (speaker), Tom Jones , Mr. Allworthy, Black George
Page Number and Citation: 374
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 11, Chapter 2 Quotes

News arrived that the rebels had given the duke the slip, and had got a day's march towards London; and soon after arrived a famous Jacobite squire, who, with great joy in his countenance, shook the landlord by the hand, saying, “All’s our own, boy, ten thousand honest Frenchmen are landed in Suffolk. Old England for ever! ten thousand French, my brave lad!”

Page Number and Citation: 508
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 12, Chapter 4 Quotes

“Lookee, friend,” cries Jones, “the right owner shall certainly have again all that she lost; and as for any farther gratuity, I really cannot give it you at present.”

Related Characters: Tom Jones (speaker), Mr. Partridge/Little Benjamin, Jenny Jones/Mrs. Waters
Related Symbols: Muff, 100-Pound Bank Note
Page Number and Citation: 558
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 16, Chapter 10 Quotes

Jones was a little staggered by the blow, which came somewhat unexpectedly; but presently recovering himself he also drew, and though he understood nothing of fencing, priest on so boldly upon Fitzpatrick, that he beat down his guard, and sheathed one half of his sword in the body of the said gentleman, who had no sooner received it than he stept backwards, dropped the point of his sword, and leaning upon it, cried, “I have satisfaction enough: I am a dead man.”

Related Characters: Mr. Fitzpatrick (speaker), Tom Jones , Mrs. Fitzpatrick
Page Number and Citation: 773
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 18, Chapter 8 Quotes

“Harkee, sir, do you find out, before my return, the letter which your mother sent me on her death-bed.” Allworthy then departed, and left Blifil in a situation to be envied only by a man who is just going to be hanged.

Related Characters: Mr. Allworthy (speaker), Miss Bridget Allworthy, Mr. Blifil, Tom Jones , Sophia Western
Page Number and Citation: 846
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 18, Chapter 13 Quotes

To conclude, as there are not to be found a worthier man and woman, than this fond couple, so neither can any be imagined more happy. They preserve the purest and tenderest affection for each other, an affection daily encreased and confirmed by mutual endearments and mutual esteem. Nor is their conduct towards their relations and friends less amiable than towards one another. And such is their condescension, their indulgence, and their beneficence to those below them, that there is not a neighbour, a tenant, or a servant, who doth not most gratefully bless the day when Mr Jones was married to his Sophia.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Tom Jones , Sophia Western
Page Number and Citation: 874
Explanation and Analysis: