Rabindranath Tagore’s The Home and the World is a novel about a turbulent time in the history of the Bengal region (which today is Bangladesh and part of India, mainly the state of West Bengal) when it was under British rule. Nikhil at one point references the partition of Bengal into two parts, one largely Hindu and the other Muslim—a controversial partition that helped spark a larger movement across India to seek independence from Britain. In theory, both the Maharaja Nikhil and the revolutionary speaker Sandip are on the same side in opposing Britain, but in practice, the two men have very different ideas about nationalism and Bengal’s future, and the novel uses their quarrels to represent larger debates going on at the time.
Both Nikhil and Sandip believe in Swadeshi, the idea of Bengal becoming self-sufficient by producing its own goods and reducing reliance on European imports. But while Nikhil practices Swadeshi in modest ways, like buying out-of-fashion Indian furniture, Sandip prefers grand gestures, like burning foreign goods in the market (although he is, in fact, a hypocrite who keeps foreign medicine on his shelves). Sandip and his followers accuse Nikhil of being too lenient, allowing others to sell foreign goods so as not to take away their source of income. Where Nikhil and Sandip differ is on Bande Mataram, a slogan from a protest song that became associated with the Indian independence movement. In their own way, Nikhil and Sandip are both interested in India as a country, but once again, Sandip takes a much harder line, with Nikhil accusing Sandip of treating his country like a god. By contrast, while Nikhil himself believes in pan-Indian unity, he does not disdain other countries to the extent Sandip does, believing that Sandip’s version of nationalism leads to hatred. The conflict between Nikhil and Sandip represents two different philosophies within the Indian independence movement, with the zealous but hypocritical Sandip representing the dangers of radical nationalism and Nikhil using more flexible tactics to strive for a more inclusive future—an approach that the novel subtly champions.
Nationalism, India, and Bengal ThemeTracker
Nationalism, India, and Bengal Quotes in The Home and the World
Chapter 1 Quotes
Mother, today there comes back to mind the vermilion mark at the parting of your hair, the sari which you used to wear, with its wide red border, and those wonderful eyes of yours, full of depth and peace. They came at the start of my life’s journey, like the first streak of dawn, giving me golden provision to carry me on my way.
The sky which gives light is blue, and my mother’s face was dark, but she had the radiance of holiness, and her beauty would put to shame all the vanity of the beautiful.
Chapter 2 Quotes
I had seen Sandip Babu’s photograph before. There was something in his features which I did not quite like. Not that he was bad-looking—far from it: he had a splendidly handsome face. Yet, I know not why, it seemed to me, in spite of all its brilliance, that too much of base alloy had gone into its making. The light in his eyes somehow did not shine true.
Chapter 5 Quotes
How could we help thinking that it was all supernatural? This moment of our history seemed to have dropped into our hand like a jewel from the crown of some drunken god. It had no resemblance to our past; and so we were led to hope that all our wants and miseries would disappear by the spell of some magic charm, that for us there was no longer any boundary line between the possible and the impossible. Everything seemed to be saying to us: “It is coming; it has come!”
Chapter 6 Quotes
“Won’t you bear witness to the burning of this man’s cloth?”
Sandip smiled. “Of course I shall be a witness in the case,” he said. “But I shall be on the opposite side.”
Chapter 7 Quotes
“If the idea of a United India is a true one,” objects Nikhil, “Mussulmans are a necessary part of it.”
“Quite so,” said I, “but we must know their place and keep them there, otherwise they will constantly be giving trouble.”
Chapter 8 Quotes
“It is my desire,” I said, “to plant something greater than Swadeshi. I am not after dead logs but living trees—and these will take time to grow.”
“I am afraid, sir,” sneered the history student, “that you will get neither log nor tree. Sandip Babu rightly teaches that in order to get, you must snatch.”
To hear Sandip’s phrases in the mouth of this mere boy staggered me. So delightfully, lovably immature was he—of that age when the good may still be believed in as good, of that age when one really lives and grows. The Mother in me awoke.
Chapter 10 Quotes
“Why is it possible,” I asked, “to use the Mussulmans thus, as tools against us? Is it not because we have fashioned them into such with our own intolerance? That is how Providence punishes us. Our accumulated sins are being visited on our own heads.”
Chapter 11 Quotes
“Sandip Babu,” I said, “I wonder how you can go on making these endless speeches, without a stop. Do you get them up by heart, beforehand?”
Chapter 12 Quotes
Then came a palanquin, followed by a litter. The doctor was walking alongside the palanquin.
“What do you think, doctor?” asked the Dewan.
“Can’t say yet,” the doctor replied. “The wound in the head is a serious one.”
“And Amulya Babu?”
“He has a bullet through the heart. He is done for.”



