The Ladies’ Paradise

by

Émile Zola

Teachers and parents! Our Teacher Edition on The Ladies’ Paradise makes teaching easy.

Pauline— Character Analysis

Pauline is a salesgirl at the Ladies’ Paradise. She becomes close with Denise and tries to convince her to solve her financial troubles by getting a lover to support her. Pauline herself has a lover—Baugé—and she maintains that her sexual lifestyle is not indecent. After Baugé starts working at the Ladies’ Paradise, he and Pauline marry and Pauline becomes pregnant. Pauline fears being fired and tries to hide her pregnancy, thus endangering her baby. Her plight moves Denise to enact new laws that allow pregnancy among employees and opens a maternity ward at the Ladies’ Paradise.
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Pauline— Character Timeline in The Ladies’ Paradise

The timeline below shows where the character Pauline— appears in The Ladies’ Paradise. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Chapter 4
Consumerism and Excess Theme Icon
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
...folding clothes. The girl from the lingerie department who defended Denise earlier introduces herself as Pauline, and she tells Denise it will get better with time. Madame Aurélie puts the coat... (full context)
Chapter 5
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
...hall. Denise has no friends, and the only girl who is nice to her is Pauline. (full context)
Class and Mobility  Theme Icon
...afraid that they won’t last her until the end of the month. Around 11 o’clock, Pauline knocks on her door. The girls are forbidden to visit each other at night, so... (full context)
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Tradition vs. Modernity Theme Icon
Class and Mobility  Theme Icon
In Pauline’s comforting presence, Denise opens up about her hardships and money problems. Starting to cry, Denise... (full context)
Consumerism and Excess Theme Icon
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Tradition vs. Modernity Theme Icon
Class and Mobility  Theme Icon
Pauline tells Denise about her lovers. Currently, she is seeing a nice salesman. Pauline maintains that... (full context)
Consumerism and Excess Theme Icon
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Tradition vs. Modernity Theme Icon
After talking to Pauline, Denise takes an interest in the love affairs at the Ladies’ Paradise. Clara is a... (full context)
Tradition vs. Modernity Theme Icon
...shoes, surprising the salesgirls who had made fun of her clunky boots. Denise’s friendship with Pauline exacerbates the ongoing rivalry between the ladieswear and lingerie departments. Madame Aurélie remains neutral until... (full context)
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Tradition vs. Modernity Theme Icon
Madame Aurélie resents Denise for fraternizing with Pauline. To show her displeasure, she invites all the ladieswear department girls except Denise on a... (full context)
Consumerism and Excess Theme Icon
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
On Sunday, Denise and Pauline meet Pauline’s boyfriend, Baugé. Denise wears her old wool dress and a bonnet trimmed with... (full context)
Consumerism and Excess Theme Icon
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Denise, Pauline, and Baugé take a train to the country. They boat out to an island and... (full context)
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
That evening, Denise, Pauline and Baugé go again to the restaurant on the island. The place is noisy and... (full context)
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
...arm and asks him to walk with them. They walk under the poplars, Baugé and Pauline going out in front. Denise and Deloche are quiet at first, calming themselves from the... (full context)
Consumerism and Excess Theme Icon
Denise, Pauline and Baugé take the train back to Paris. In response to Pauline’s teasing, Denise assures... (full context)
Chapter 6
Consumerism and Excess Theme Icon
...will be her; everyone hates her even more since she went to the country with Pauline. The girls gossip about her, saying that she has a baby and a lover. Denise... (full context)
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Noticing Denise’s distress, Pauline pulls her aside to talk. Jouve walks by, and Pauline starts to hide. When Denise... (full context)
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Tradition vs. Modernity Theme Icon
...turns pale, Clara speculates that Denise is cheating on her lover and fears his revenge. Pauline declares she can’t eat the beef and has the cafeteria make her an omelet. (full context)
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
...comes up to her and smiles paternally. Jouve says that he spotted Denise talking with Pauline earlier, and he asks why the two girls are so fond of each other. Denise... (full context)
Chapter 7
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
...by his vanity. When Mouret passes, Denise hides, her heart beating. Occasionally she runs into Pauline and Deloche, but she keeps both of them from seeing where she lives. Colomban often... (full context)
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Tradition vs. Modernity Theme Icon
...a little money. He starts to tell her of his affairs, but she hushes him. Pauline tells Denise she’s thinking of marrying Baugé, while Colomban begs Denise to ask Clara if... (full context)
Chapter 9
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
...by the new arrangement of the store. Denise notices Mouret and blushes, thinking of what Pauline told her about his relationships with Madame Desforges and Clara. Mouret asks Denise to come... (full context)
Chapter 10
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
There is a knock on Denise’s door, and Pauline enters. Since the girls are forbidden to talk in their rooms, Denise and Pauline go... (full context)
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Tradition vs. Modernity Theme Icon
Pauline assures Denise that Mouret is no longer seeing Clara or Madame Desforges. Denise, hurt by... (full context)
Consumerism and Excess Theme Icon
Meanwhile, Pauline tells Deloche that Mouret asked Denise to dinner. Deloche then tells Lienard, with whom he... (full context)
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Tradition vs. Modernity Theme Icon
Baugé goes to meet Pauline in their secret meeting place. There, Denise comes upon them kissing, and Pauline asks her... (full context)
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
...uncle’s. Everyone is shocked to learn that she declined Mouret’s invitation. Deloche is relieved, but Pauline can’t believe that Denise turned down her fortune. (full context)
Chapter 12
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Tradition vs. Modernity Theme Icon
Pauline comes by and notices that Denise is losing her temper. Denise explains that she can’t... (full context)
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Some time later, Pauline becomes pregnant. Employees aren’t allowed to keep working if they get pregnant, and many salesgirls... (full context)
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Denise visits Pauline in the infirmary, and Pauline and Baugé thank her for the great changes she has... (full context)
Chapter 14
Women, Exploitation, and Power Theme Icon
Class and Mobility  Theme Icon
In the linen department, Pauline—who has had her baby—runs up to Denise and tells her she can’t leave before she... (full context)